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Zhong NN, Li SR, Man QW, Liu B. Identification of Immune Infiltration in Odontogenic Keratocyst by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:454. [PMID: 37415178 PMCID: PMC10324234 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a relatively common odontogenic lesion characterized by local invasion in the maxillary and mandibular bones. In the pathological tissue slices of OKC, immune cell infiltrations are frequently observed. However, the immune cell profile and the molecular mechanism for immune cell infiltration of OKC are still unclear. We aimed to explore the immune cell profile of OKC and to explore the potential pathogenesis for immune cell infiltration in OKC. METHODS The microarray dataset GSE38494 including OKC and oral mucosa (OM) samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OKC were analyzed by R software. The hub genes of OKC were performed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The differential immune cell infiltration and the potential relationship between immune cell infiltration and the hub genes were performed by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The expression of COL1A1 and COL1A3 were confirmed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry in 17 OKC and 8 OM samples. RESULTS We detected a total of 402 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 247 were upregulated and 155 were downregulated. DEGs were mainly involved in collagen-containing extracellular matrix pathways, external encapsulating structure organization, and extracellular structure organization. We identified ten hub genes, namely FN1, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, BGN, POSTN, SPARC, FBN1, COL5A1, and COL5A2. A significant difference was observed in the abundances of eight types of infiltrating immune cells between the OM and OKC groups. Both COL1A1 and COL3A1 exhibited a significant positive correlation with natural killer T cells and memory B cells. Simultaneously, they demonstrated a significant negative correlation with CD56dim natural killer cells, neutrophils, immature dendritic cells, and activated dendritic cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that COL1A1 (P = 0.0131) and COL1A3 (P < 0.001) were significantly elevated in OKC compared with OM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of OKC and illuminate the immune microenvironment within these lesions. The key genes, including COL1A1 and COL1A3, may significantly impact the biological processes associated with OKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Wen Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Mast Cells in Periapical Pathology of Endodontics: Is There a Contribution to Systemic Disease? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.5466/ijoms.20.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kesarwani P, Choudhary A, Koppula S, Verma S, Saumya S, Srivastava P. Quantification and distribution of mast cells in oral periapical inflammatory lesions. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:580-584. [PMID: 35558681 PMCID: PMC9089770 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_505_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periapical granuloma and periapical cysts develop as a sequela of inflammation of dental pulp, usually a consequence of an infected root canal. Mast cells (MCs) have most frequently been implicated in the pathophysiology of periapical lesions such as periapical granulomas and cysts. Aims: The present study was undertaken to emphasize the presence and quantification of MCs in periapical lesions (granulomas and cysts) using toluidine blue stain, with an aim to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a total of 55 previously diagnosed cases (30 cases of radicular cyst and 25 cases of periapical granuloma) selected from the departmental archives. The MCs were quantified in all the sections in the three zones, namely the epithelial, subepithelial, and deeper connective tissue zones. The results were sent for statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxon paired t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were applied for intra- and intergroup comparison MCs in different zones of periapical granulomas and radicular cyst, respectively. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the two lesions in all the three zones, i.e., epithelial, subepithelial, and in deeper connective tissue zone with P = 0.001. Conclusion: Although MCs were present in all the three zones of both periapical cysts and granuloma, they were predominantly observed in radicular cysts than in periapical granuloma. This suggests a significant role of MC in initiation, development, and progression of these periapical lesions.
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Sheethal HS, Kn H, Smitha T, Chauhan K. Role of mast cells in inflammatory and reactive pathologies of pulp, periapical area and periodontium. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:92-97. [PMID: 29731563 PMCID: PMC5917550 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_278_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have been discovered over 130 years ago; their function was almost exclusively linked to allergic affections. At the time being, it is well known that MCs possess a great variety of roles, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In the oral tissues, MCs release different pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha that promote leukocyte infiltration in various inflammatory states of the oral cavity. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and, as a consequence, their number changes in different pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. By understanding the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, these cells may become therapeutic targets that could possibly improve the prognosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of the role of MCs in various inflammatory pulpal, periapical and periodontal pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Sheethal
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hema Kn
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T Smitha
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerti Chauhan
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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NOGUEIRA EFDC, FARIAS EGF, SILVA LB, SANTOS NETO APD, ANDRADE ESDS, SAMPAIO GC. Analysis of the presence and location of mast cells in periapical cysts and periapical granulomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-863720160003000023113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to locate mast cells in chronic periapical lesions (granulomas and cysts) by using histochemical techniques and toluidine blue staining. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research was performed. The sample was obtained from histopathological reports in the archives of the laboratory of surgical pathology of the University of Pernambuco between November 2014 and May 2015. Results: Sixteen cases of granuloma and 21 cases of periapical cysts were selected. The stained slides were analyzed by two examiners at different times, in a double-blind study. Mast cells were found in 13 (61.9%) of the periapical cyst cases, located in the capsule of the lesion. In the periapical granuloma cases, mast cells were found in eight cases (50%), located in the granulation tissue. Conclusion: Mast cells were detected in both cysts and periapical granuloma, located in the capsule and granulation tissue, respectively. Mast cells were more prevalent in periapical cysts than in periapical granuloma.
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The Possible Role of Mast Cells in the Odontogenic Cyst's Pathogenesis: A Comparative Study between Dentigerous Cyst and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8754567. [PMID: 27022501 PMCID: PMC4783545 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8754567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background. Recently, mast cells were recognized in the pathogenesis of more aggressive pathologic lesions. This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the density of mast cells in Dentigerous cyst (DC) and Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) regarding their different clinical behavior. Method. This study was conducted on 23 and 26 cases of DC and KCOT, respectively. Four-micron sections were prepared for Toluidine blue staining and mast cell densities in two desired cysts were studied. Final data was analyzed via t-test and Mann-Whitney U test method regarding the significant level lower than 0.05. Results. Mast cell densities were significantly higher in KCOTs for deep and superficial layers and both layers (P < 0.05). The density of degranulated mast cells in the deeper layers and both layers was significantly higher in KCOTs (P < 0.05). However, the density of degranulated mast cells in the superficial layer had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion. It seems that mast cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of KCOT, but, regarding wide range of mast cell's biologic activities, further investigations are recommended to confirm the issue and prepare the details.
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Mahita VN, Manjunatha BS, Shah R, Astekar M, Purohit S, Kovvuru S. Quantification and localization of mast cells in periapical lesions. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:115-8. [PMID: 25861530 PMCID: PMC4389325 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.153616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periapical lesions occur in response to chronic irritation in periapical tissue, generally resulting from an infected root canal. Specific etiological agents of induction, participating cell population and growth factors associated with maintenance and resolution of periapical lesions are incompletely understood. Among the cells found in periapical lesions, mast cells have been implicated in the inflammatory mechanism. Aim: Quantifications and the possible role played by mast cells in the periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. Hence, this study is to emphasize the presence (localization) and quantification of mast cells in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases and out of which 15 of periapical granuloma and 15 radicular cyst, each along with the case details from the previously diagnosed cases in the department of oral pathology were selected for the study. The gender distribution showed male 8 (53.3%) and females 7 (46.7%) in periapical granuloma cases and male 10 (66.7%) and females 5 (33.3%) in radicular cyst cases. The statistical analysis used was unpaired t-test. Results: Mean mast cell count in periapical granuloma subepithelial and deeper connective tissue, was 12.40 (0.99%) and 7.13 (0.83%), respectively. The mean mast cell counts in subepithelial and deeper connective tissue of radicular cyst were 17.64 (1.59%) and 12.06 (1.33%) respectively, which was statistically significant. No statistical significant difference was noted among males and females. Conclusion: Mast cells were more in number in radicular cyst. Based on the concept that mast cells play a critical role in the induction of inflammation, it is logical to use therapeutic agents to alter mast cell function and secretion, to thwart inflammation at its earliest phases. These findings may suggest the possible role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Mahita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, India
| | - B S Manjunatha
- Department of Dental Anatomy and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Hawiyah, Taif-21944, University of Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M Astekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareily, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Purohit
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Jodhpur Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Kovvuru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, India
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Mahita VN, Manjunatha BS, Shah R, Astekar M, Purohit S, Kovvuru S. Quantification and localization of mast cells in periapical lesions. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015. [PMID: 25861530 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.153616.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periapical lesions occur in response to chronic irritation in periapical tissue, generally resulting from an infected root canal. Specific etiological agents of induction, participating cell population and growth factors associated with maintenance and resolution of periapical lesions are incompletely understood. Among the cells found in periapical lesions, mast cells have been implicated in the inflammatory mechanism. AIM Quantifications and the possible role played by mast cells in the periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. Hence, this study is to emphasize the presence (localization) and quantification of mast cells in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 cases and out of which 15 of periapical granuloma and 15 radicular cyst, each along with the case details from the previously diagnosed cases in the department of oral pathology were selected for the study. The gender distribution showed male 8 (53.3%) and females 7 (46.7%) in periapical granuloma cases and male 10 (66.7%) and females 5 (33.3%) in radicular cyst cases. The statistical analysis used was unpaired t-test. RESULTS Mean mast cell count in periapical granuloma subepithelial and deeper connective tissue, was 12.40 (0.99%) and 7.13 (0.83%), respectively. The mean mast cell counts in subepithelial and deeper connective tissue of radicular cyst were 17.64 (1.59%) and 12.06 (1.33%) respectively, which was statistically significant. No statistical significant difference was noted among males and females. CONCLUSION Mast cells were more in number in radicular cyst. Based on the concept that mast cells play a critical role in the induction of inflammation, it is logical to use therapeutic agents to alter mast cell function and secretion, to thwart inflammation at its earliest phases. These findings may suggest the possible role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Mahita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, India
| | - B S Manjunatha
- Department of Dental Anatomy and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al-Hawiyah, Taif-21944, University of Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M Astekar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareily, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Purohit
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Jodhpur Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Kovvuru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, India
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Shiromany A, Sood R, Akifuddin S, Sidhu GK, Khan N, Singla K. Comparison of Mast Cells and Inflammatory Cells within Periapical Lesions and Comparison of Degranulated Mast Cells Between Fibrous and Inflamed Area in Radicular Cysts: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 8:ZC61-4. [PMID: 25654034 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/11623.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of mast cells as the key effector of allergic inflammation, anaphylactic inflammatory reactions and in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, is well-known. The present study is adopted to compare mast cells and inflammatory cells within periapical granuloma and cysts and localize the mast cells and quantify their number in the periapical cysts so as to propose a role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of this lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsy specimens of 30 periapical lesions were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and immunohistochemical Mast Cell Tryptase from Bio SB (IHC detection system kit) antibody. The tryptase positive mast cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells were counted in 10 consecutive high power fields (100X) using the binocular microscope from Motic attached to a computer with Motic Advanced Images 3.2 software. RESULTS Comparative microscopic analysis indicated that periapical cyst shows more percentage of mast cells and less percentage of inflammatory cell than periapical granuloma (comparison of mean and standard deviation of total number of mast cells and inflammatory cells, mast cells 3.15±1.39 in the granuloma group and 4.43±1.91in the cyst group, inflammatory cells, 67.11±1.2 in the granuloma group and 52.66±0.8 in the cyst group). Numerous degranulated mast cells were observed in the fibrous wall than the inflammatory infiltrate of the periapical cysts. The mean and standard deviation of degranulated mast cells between the inflammatory and fibrous zone within the cyst group, being 0.95±1.10 and1.68±1.34 respectively. The values varied significantly between the two zones. CONCLUSION The number of inflammatory cells in the cyst group is less than periapical granuloma and total number of mast cells in the cyst group is more as compared to periapical granuloma. The degranulated cells were quantified and they were higher in the fibrous area of the cysts than the inflammatory zone. This study could support the fact that the various mediators released on degranulation play a role in the connective tissue remodeling, chronicity and expansion of the periapical lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Shiromany
- Reader, Department of Conservative & Endodontics, KD Dental College Mathura, (UP), India
| | - Rahul Sood
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Center , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syed Akifuddin
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Daswani Dental College & Hospital , Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Sidhu
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Center , Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nadia Khan
- Reader, Department of Pedodontics, Carier Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Lucknow, India
| | - Kapil Singla
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research , Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Costa Neto H, de Andrade ALDL, Gordón-Núñez MA, Freitas RDA, Galvão HC. Immunoexpression of tryptase-positive mast cells in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. Int Endod J 2014; 48:729-35. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Costa Neto
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal RN Brazil
| | | | | | - R. de A. Freitas
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal RN Brazil
| | - H. C. Galvão
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal RN Brazil
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Alcantara BAR, Carli MLD, Beijo LA, Pereira AAC, Hanemann JAC. Correlation between inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial lining in 214 cases of periapical cysts. Braz Oral Res 2014; 27:490-5. [PMID: 24141745 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013005000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periapical cysts, identify their clinical and microscopic features and correlate their microscopic features with the inflammatory infiltrate present in the lesion site. A total of 214 cases were collected over a 10-year period. Clinical data, including gender, age, race, symptoms and location of the lesion, were recorded. Two independent examiners with no prior knowledge of the patients' clinical data conducted the microscopic evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's or chi-square tests at a 5% level of significance. The results showed that periapical cysts were more prevalent in white women, with a mean age of 35 years, and in the anterosuperior region. The majority of the lesions were lined by atrophic cystic epithelium, which was associated with moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the cystic capsule (p < 0.01), with a diffuse localization pattern (p = 0.03) and absence of neutrophils (p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that periapical cysts lined by atrophic epithelium are related to the presence of moderate mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate.
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Patidar KA, Parwani RN, Wanjari SP, Patidar AP. Mast cells in human odontogenic cysts. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:397-402. [PMID: 22574881 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.674556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are granule-containing cells in mucosal and connective tissues that are known to play a central role in allergic and inflammatory responses owing to pro-inflammatory mediators. Cysts in jaws are among the most common expansive, benign and destructive bone lesions; at some stage they are associated with chronic inflammation. Earlier studies have identified mast cells in odontogenic cysts (OC). We investigated the presence and distribution of mast cells and compared their number in different types of radicular cysts (RC), dentigerous cysts (DC) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKC). Ten cases each of RC, DC and OKC diagnosed clinically and histopathologically were selected and stained with 1% toluidine blue. The greatest number of mast cells/mm(2) was found in RC. The fewest mast cells/mm(2) were found in OKC. The subepithelial zones of all cysts contained more mast cells than the deeper zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Patidar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, behind queen's college, Gram Limbodi, Indore, India.
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Lohman RJ, Cotterell AJ, Barry GD, Liu L, Suen JY, Vesey DA, Fairlie DP. An antagonist of human protease activated receptor-2 attenuates PAR2 signaling, macrophage activation, mast cell degranulation, and collagen-induced arthritis in rats. FASEB J 2012; 26:2877-87. [PMID: 22467762 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple serine proteases exert proinflammatory actions by signaling through protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) on the cell surface. Although inhibitors of individual proteases are anti-inflammatory, we sought to discover whether the first potent antagonist of their common target PAR2 might be beneficial in treating chronic arthritis-like inflammatory disease. Using a fluorescence assay, a novel compound, GB88, was shown to antagonize PAR2-induced intracellular Ca(2+) release in human monocyte-derived macrophages, being 1000 times more potent than a control compound, ENMD-1068 (IC(50) 1.6 ± 0.5 μM vs. 1.2 ± 0.4 mM, respectively). In Wistar rats, GB88 was orally bioavailable (F=55%, T(max) 4 h, C(max) 1.7 μM, 10 mg/kg). GB88 inhibited the acute paw edema induced in Wistar rats by intraplantar λ-carrageenan or PAR2 agonists 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) or mast cell β-tryptase, without inhibiting proteolytic activity of tryptase in vitro. In the chronic collagen-induced model of arthritis in rats, GB88 (10 mg/kg) was disease modifying and ameliorated pathological and histopathological changes (edema, pannus formation, synovial hyperplasia, collagen degradation, macrophage invasion, mast cell degranulation) compared to untreated arthritic controls. The results suggest that an orally active PAR2 antagonist is effective in treating chronic arthritis in rats through inhibiting macrophage infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and β-tryptase-PAR2 signaling in joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rink-Jan Lohman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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de Noronha Santos Netto J, Pires FR, da Fonseca EC, Silva LE, de Queiroz Chaves Lourenço S. Evaluation of mast cells in periapical cysts, dentigerous cysts, and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:630-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Selvi F, Tekkesin MS, Cakarer S, Isler SC, Keskin C. Keratocystic odontogenic tumors: predictive factors of recurrence by Ki-67 and AgNOR labelling. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:262-8. [PMID: 22639545 PMCID: PMC3360429 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible role of Ki-67 and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions (AgNOR) between the recurrent and nonrecurrent keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs). Another aim was to compare the correlation between these two markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 KCOTs were evaluated retrospectively. The actual proliferative activity of the KCOT was measured by Ki-67 labelling index and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions AgNOR count per nucleus. RESULTS Recurrence occurred in 3 patients (13.6%) during the follow-up period (mean follow-up, 37.8 months) The Ki-67 and AgNOR counts were significantly higher in the recurrent lesions comparing to the non-recurrent lesions. (p=0,045; p=0,049) The correlation between Ki-67 and AgNOR counts was found to be positive (r=0,853 p=0,0001). CONCLUSION Within the limit of the present study, it is thought that Ki-67 and AgNOR might be helpful as a prognostic marker for the recurrences of KCOTs. These markers reinforced the meaning of the new classification of the lesion as an odontogenic tumor. Enucleation with curettage or decompression following enucleation with curettage is a simple and appropriate surgical model for the treatment of KCOT despite the relative high recurrence rate. On the other hand, the conservative treatment can be chosen only if there is no coronoid invasion, no interruptive cortical lysis and no tissular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firat Selvi
- Istanbul University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lima SCA, Rizo VHT, Silva-Sousa YTC, Almeida LY, Almeida OP, León JE. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Angiogenesis and Tryptase-positive Mast Cell Infiltration in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2011; 37:1642-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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de Assis Caldas Pereira F, Gurgel CAS, Ramos EAG, Vidal MTA, Pinheiro ALB, Jurisic V, Sales CBS, Cury PR, dos Santos JN. Distribution of mast cells in benign odontogenic tumors. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:455-61. [PMID: 22125027 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mast cells in a series of odontogenic tumors. Forty-five cases of odontogenic tumors were investigated using immunohistochemistry for mast cell triptase, and differences between groups were statistically evaluated. Mast cells were present in 96% of odontogenic tumors. Mast cells present in solid ameloblastoma were observed in the tumor stroma surrounding more solid and follicular epithelial islands, with or without squamous metaplasia. The odontogenic mixoma showed few mast cells. In odontogenic tumors with a cystic structure, the mast cells were distributed throughout all areas of the lesions, mainly in keratocystic odontogenic tumor. In addition, the total density of mast cells between all odontogenic tumors showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). A greater mast cells distribution was found in keratocystic odontogenic tumor in relation to adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (p < 0.01), and when the unicystic ameloblastoma and keratocistic odontogenic tumor were compared to the odontogenic myxoma (p < 0.05). Syndrome keratocystic odontogenic tumor showed a higher mean of mast cells when compared with the other tumors of the sample. Mast cells values presented by syndrome keratocystic odontogenic tumor were significantly greater than those of the sporadic keratocystic odontogenic tumor that were not associated with the syndrome (p = 0.03). Mast cells are probably one of the major components of the stromal scaffold in odontogenic tumors. We found significant differences of mast cells between syndrome nonsyndrome keratocystic odontogenic tumors, although their distribution did not seem to have any influence on the biologic behavior of benign odontogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Assis Caldas Pereira
- Department of Oral Pathology, Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Vij R, Vij H, Rao NN. Evaluation of collagen in connective tissue walls of odontogenic cysts--a histochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:257-62. [PMID: 20969631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature of collagen in the connective tissue walls of odontogenic cysts, like the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst and radicular cyst using picrosirius red stained sections. Furthermore, it was intended to assess if the capsular connective tissue can affect the nature of overlying epithelium, thus emphasizing the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in biological behaviour of the cysts. MATERIALS AND METHOD The material for the study included 51 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (15 odontogenic keratocyst, 15 dentigerous cysts, 15 radicular cysts and four normal mucosa and two dental follicular tissue as controls), retrieved from the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MCODS, Manipal. Tissue blocks were sectioned at 5-μm thickness, stained with picrosirius red stain and observed with polarization and light microscopy. RESULTS Few sections of OKC and dentigerous cyst exhibited greenish-yellow birefringence in sub-epithelial region, whereas others showed a yellowish-orange birefringence under polarization microscopy. Most radicular cysts had yellowish-orange to orange birefringence. Shift in colour in case OKC and dentigerous cyst was attributed to the presence of inflammation in those sections. These regions also exhibited either a change in phenotype or thickness of overlying epithelium. CONCLUSION This technique can be used to study the nature of collagen fibres in odontogenic cyst walls. Further studies with an increased sample size and using various epithelial and mesenchymal markers and ssDNA antibodies should be carried out to confirm the effect of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions on the nature of epithelium of odontogenic cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchieka Vij
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Studies & Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Holzhausen M, Balejo RDP, Lara GM, Cortelli SC, Saad WA, Cortelli JR. Nafamostat mesilate, a potent tryptase inhibitor, modulates periodontitis in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:967-73. [PMID: 20820824 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated increased tryptase-like proteolytic activity in the crevicular fluid of patients with periodontal disease. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of tryptase inhibition with nafamostat mesilate (NM, 6-amino-2-naphtlyl p-guanidinobenzoate dimethansulfonate) on the development of experimental periodontitis in rats. Eighty (80) male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups: Control group, NM group (daily 0.1 mg/kg body weight of NM, i.p.), Ligature group (ligature placed at lower right first molars), and NM+Ligature group. The amount of alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the mesial root surface of the first mandibulary molar, as well as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and total proteolytic activity [N-benzoyl-L: -arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA) substrate] were determined at 7 and 14 days. NM led to significantly (p < 0.05) decreased ABL in animals subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis. Tryptase inhibition prevented the onset of significant ABL at 7 days of experiment (0.44 ± 0.16 and 0.60 ± 0.22, p > 0.05, NM+Ligature and Control, respectively) and significantly decreased the ABL at 14 days (0.97 ± 0.17 versus 1.82 ± 0.26, p < 0.001, NM+Ligature versus Ligature, respectively). In addition, NM significantly decreased MPO and total proteolytic activity at 14 days (p < 0.05). These data provided evidence that tryptase inhibition with NM attenuates gingival granulocyte infiltration and ABL in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella Holzhausen
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Marçal JR, Samuel RO, Fernandes D, de Araujo MS, Napimoga MH, Pereira SA, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Alves PM, Mattar R, Rodrigues Jr. V. T-Helper Cell Type 17/Regulatory T-Cell Immunoregulatory Balance in Human Radicular Cysts and Periapical Granulomas. J Endod 2010; 36:995-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Comparison of mast cells count in oral reactive lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Teixeira-Salum TB, Rodrigues DBR, Gervásio AM, Souza CJA, Rodrigues Jr V, Loyola AM. Distinct Th1, Th2 and Treg cytokines balance in chronic periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:250-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mendes RA, Carvalho JFC, van der Waal I. Characterization and management of the keratocystic odontogenic tumor in relation to its histopathological and biological features. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:219-25. [PMID: 20189443 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), formerly referred to as odontogenic keratocyst, is a benign neoplasm of odontogenic origin which may present an aggressive and infiltrative behavior leading to high recurrence rates. A review of the various treatment modalities, ranging from simple enucleation to radical surgery is portrayed in relation to clinical, radiological, histopathological and molecular features. Although prognostic factors based on clinico-pathologic and immunohistochemical findings for determining the potential for recurrence of KCOT still remains unclear, its use for determining the potential for recurrence of KCOT after surgical treatment may become important to successfully manage this neoplasm's aggressive behavior. The key element for future management of KCOTs will probably be based on thorough knowledge of the biological basis of this tumor, thereby enabling a more tailored treatment approach.
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Qiu J, Beckman MJ, Qian J, Jiranek W. Simultaneous labeling of mast cell proteases and protease mRNAs at the bone-implant interface of aseptically loosened hip implants. J Orthop Res 2005; 23:942-8. [PMID: 15972256 DOI: 10.1016/j.orthres.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human mast cells (MC) exhibit two distinct phenotypes based on the protease content of their secretory granules. MC(TC) cells express tryptase, chymase, cathepsin G, and mast cell carboxypeptidase, while MC(T) cells express only tryptase. Both mast cell phenotypes were assessed near regions of osteolysis in uninfected failed joint implants by immunohistochemistry with antibodies to tryptase and chymase, and by in situ hybridization with anti-sense RNA probes for the respective mRNA molecules. Specimens from the interface membrane of 32 aseptically loosened total hip implants were studied, 28 of which had mast cells of the MC(TC) type. Most of these mast cells were aligned along the bone-prosthesis interface adjacent to loosened implants, suggesting involvement in the chronic inflammatory response that leads to bone resorption. Further ultrastructural evidence of mast cells in tissues from failed joint interface membranes was shown by transmission electron microscopy, and detection by staining after magnetic activated cell sorting. The presence of MC at the periprosthetic interface of eroded bone suggests MC degranulation and activity are associated with osteolysis in failed joint prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0694, USA
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25
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Batista AC, Rodini CO, Lara VS. Quantification of mast cells in different stages of human periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2005; 11:249-54. [PMID: 15984957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Among the cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses in periodontal disease, mast cells have been shown to be capable of generating a large number of biologically active substances. The present study was undertaken to identify and quantify the presence of mast cells in different stages of human periodontal disease using histochemical (toluidine blue) and immunohistochemical (tryptase-positive mast cells) techniques. RESULTS Mast cell densities (cells per mm(2)) were significantly increased in chronic periodontitis/gingivitis lesions compared with clinically healthy gingival tissues (Health) uniquely by immunohistochemical technique. Interestingly, mast cells were distributed specially in close apposition to mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS In human periodontal disease there is an increase in the number of mast cells that may be participating either in the destructive events or in the defense mechanism of periodontal disease via secretion of cytokines, including perpetuation of the Th2 response, and cellular migration and healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Batista
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Ledesma-Montes C, Garcés-Ortíz M, Rosales-García G, Hernández-Guerrero JC. Importance of Mast Cells in Human Periapical Inflammatory Lesions. J Endod 2004; 30:855-9. [PMID: 15564863 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000134207.67360.fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of mast cells (MCs) in periapical inflammatory lesions is not well understood. The objective of this work was to quantify MC numbers in human periapical lesions with the aim to clarify their role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. We analyzed the slides of 64 human periapical inflammatory lesions stained with pH 8.0 toluidine blue technique, quantified the number of MCs, and evaluated any correlation with age, gender, size, and location. The results of this study suggest that MCs were more numerous in females (p < 0.01); MC numbers were higher in biopsies from granulomas with proliferating epithelium and lower in biopsies from chronic apical abscesses; MC counts did not correlate with patients' age or size. MCs were observed more commonly in areas containing inflammatory infiltrate and degranulation was a frequent finding in these zones. Our results suggest that MCs play an active role in the pathogenesis of the periapical inflammatory lesions. The potential role of MCs related with the initiation, development, and persistence of the periapical inflammatory process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Ledesma-Montes
- Clinical and Experimental Oral Pathology Laboratory, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F. México.
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de Oliveira Rodini C, Batista AC, Lara VS. Comparative immunohistochemical study of the presence of mast cells in apical granulomas and periapical cysts: possible role of mast cells in the course of human periapical lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 97:59-63. [PMID: 14716257 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(03)00378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells other than macrophages and lymphocytes have recently been shown capable of producing cytokines and mediators. Among these are mast cells, a cell population now recognized for its immunoregulatory properties. Little is known about the complex interactions between cells, cytokines, and other inflammatory elements in periapical lesions. The objective of this investigation was to determine the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of mast cells tryptase in periapical lesions based on study of 20 apical granulomas and 20 periapical cysts. Microscopic analysis revealed mast cells to be present in greater numbers in periapical cysts than in apical granulomas, and in cysts were more numerous in regions of active inflammation. Mast cells tended to be more common in the peripheral regions of both periapical lesions, and were often found in close proximity to lymphocytes. These findings lead us to propose a functional relationship between these two cell populations that may facilitate elicitation of an immune response contributory to the pathogenesis of periapical lesions.
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Shear M. The aggressive nature of the odontogenic keratocyst: is it a benign cystic neoplasm? Part 1. Clinical and early experimental evidence of aggressive behaviour. Oral Oncol 2002; 38:219-26. [PMID: 11978543 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(01)00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this, the first of three articles on the aggressive nature of the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), there is a review of clinical and histological observations which indicated that this was an aggressive lesion with a predilection for recurrence unlike the majority of other jaw cysts. This led to the tentative suggestion that the OKC might be a benign neoplasm. Subsequently there were early laboratory investigations that compared proliferation rates of the OKC epithelium with other jaw cysts, comparative enzyme histochemistry to assess aspects of its metabolism and markers that would enable accurate presurgical diagnosis of this cyst. Comparative studies were also pursued on the walls of the OKC and other jaw cysts to identify factors that might influence the capacity of the OKC to resorb the bone surrounding it. The clinical and laboratory studies reviewed in this section provided cogent presumptive evidence of the distinctively aggressive nature of the OKC that led numbers of investigators to pursue immunocytochemical and genetic studies on this cyst. Parts 2 and 3 of this series review this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn Shear
- Department of Oral Pathology, University of the Western Cape, Oral Health Centre, Private Bag X08, 7785, Mitchells Plain, South Africa.
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Kim MS, Chae HJ, Shin TY, Kim HM, Kim HR. Estrogen regulates cytokine release in human mast cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:495-504. [PMID: 11792009 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are important for bone homeostasis and are classified as anti-resorptive agents. In ovariectomized rats, mast cell changes occurred during the activation of resorption. In addition, quantitative changes occurred in mast cell population residing near the site undergoing resorption. Considering these studies, mast cells may play a role in osteoporosis. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to study mast cell cytokine production also in the presence or absence of estrogen. When cultured in the absence of estrogen, human mast cells treated with PMA or A23187 demonstrated significantly greater release of TNF-alpha and IL-6 than cells grown under estrogen-depleted condition. Our results show that treatment of mast cells with estrogen prevented PMA or A23187-stimulated TNF-alpha or IL-6 release. These data provide evidence for a potent inhibition of cytokines by estrogen in human mast cells. This study may help to explain the association between mast cells and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Mizukawa N, Sugiyama K, Ueno T, Mishima K, Takagi S, Sugahara T. Detection of human alpha-defensin-1, an antimicrobial peptide, in the fluid of jaw cysts. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2000; 90:78-81. [PMID: 10884640 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2000.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to isolate and to identify an antimicrobial peptide, human alpha-defensin-1 (HNP-1) in jaw cyst fluid. STUDY DESIGN We collected jaw cyst fluid from 22 patients with various jaw cysts and analyzed the peptide components of them by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HNP-1 in the jaw cyst fluid was identified by the amino acid sequence and the molecular weight. The concentration of HNP-1 in the fluid of various jaw cysts was quantified by HPLC. RESULTS HNP-1 in the jaw cyst fluid was isolated, purified, and identified. The concentrations of HNP-1 in the jaw cyst fluid ranged from 27.0 to 3725.4 microg/mL. CONCLUSION HNP-1 was detected in the fluid of various types of jaw cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mizukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
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Abraham LA, Chinni C, Jenkins AL, Lourbakos A, Ally N, Pike RN, Mackie EJ. Expression of protease-activated receptor-2 by osteoblasts. Bone 2000; 26:7-14. [PMID: 10617151 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts express protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), which is activated by thrombin or by synthetic peptides corresponding to the new "tethered ligand" N-terminus of PAR-1 created by receptor cleavage. Both thrombin and human PAR-1-activating peptide stimulate an elevation of [Ca2+]i in the human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cell line, but the peptide stimulates receptor-mediated Ca+ entry, whereas thrombin does not. Stimulation of proliferation in rat primary osteoblast-like cells is greater in response to rat PAR-1-activating peptide than to thrombin. Because the PAR-1-activating peptides are now known to activate PAR-2, the current study was undertaken to investigate whether osteoblasts express this receptor and, if so, whether this could account for the observed discrepancies between responses of osteoblasts to thrombin and to PAR-1-activating peptides. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical studies demonstrated expression of PAR-2 by primary cultures of rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells. In immunohistochemical studies of embryonic mouse bones, osteoblasts showed positive staining for the presence of PAR-2. Activators of PAR-2 include trypsin, mast cell tryptase, gingipain-R, and synthetic peptides corresponding to the PAR-2 tethered ligand sequence. Treatment of primary rat osteoblast-like cells with rat PAR-2-activating peptide (SLIGRL), or SaOS-2 cells with human PAR-2-activating peptide (SLIGKV), caused a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. Trypsin or gingipain-R also induced an increase in intracellular calcium concentration, and caused reciprocal cross desensitization. Activators of PAR-2 caused a sharp peak in [Ca2+]i followed by a sustained plateau; [Ca2+]i returned to baseline levels upon treatment with ethylene-glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Treatment of rat osteoblast-like cells in vitro with SLIGRL did not affect thymidine incorporation or endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity. The results presented here demonstrate that osteoblasts express PAR-2, and that such expression is able to account for the observed discrepancies between thrombin and PAR-1-activating peptides in their ability to evoke calcium entry, but not proliferative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Abraham
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Honma M, Hayakawa Y, Kosugi H, Koizumi F. Localization of mRNA for inflammatory cytokines in radicular cyst tissue by in situ hybridization, and induction of inflammatory cytokines by human gingival fibroblasts in response to radicular cyst contents. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27:399-404. [PMID: 9736430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of mRNA encoding the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-alpha) have been examined in radicular cysts by in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the biological activity of the contents of radicular cysts (RCC) has been assayed by adding extracts of RCC to cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and analyzing the culture medium for the release of inflammatory cytokines. In the epithelial layer, keratinocytes expressed all cytokine mRNAs examined at various levels. Basal layer cells expressed mRNA for each cytokine. In the subepithelial granulation tissue of the cysts, fibroblasts and macrophages expressed mRNA for IL-6, IL-8, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA at varying levels; especially clear expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA was detected on macrophages. The infiltrating lymphoid cells, largely composed of T cells and plasma cells, expressed these cytokine mRNAs, especially those encoding IL-6 and IL-8, at various levels. In vitro analysis indicated dose-dependent release of both IL-6 and IL-8 by HGFs in response to RCC. After heating to 100 degrees C for 10 min, RCC almost completely failed to stimulate IL-6 release from HGFs. Furthermore, anti-IL-1beta antibody (neutralization test) did not prevent the stimulation of IL-6 release by RCC. Significant amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in RCC in two cases, and a trace amount of IL-1beta was detected in one case. This study demonstrated the wide expression of mRNA encoding inflammatory cytokines in radicular cyst tissues, and RCC itself was capable of stimulating IL-6 and IL-8 production from HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Honma
- Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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