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Monti-Hughes A, Aromando RF, Pérez MA, Schwint AE, Itoiz ME. The hamster cheek pouch model for field cancerization studies. Periodontol 2000 2014; 67:292-311. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chandak AR, Gadbail AR, Chaudhary MS, Chandak SA, Wadhwani R. Actual proliferating index in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2:176-83. [PMID: 25426788 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2011.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the possible association between epithelial proliferation and disease progression in the oral mucosa using the actual proliferation index. METHODS The actual proliferation index was measured by the Ki-67 labeling index and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count per nucleus. Immunohistochemistry was carried out for Ki-67 by using the molecular immunology borstel-1 clone in 20 leukoplakias, 20 oral squamous cell carcinomas, and 10 normal oral mucosae. RESULTS The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count per nucleus, Ki-67 labeling index, and actual proliferation index were significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma, followed by leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa. Leukoplakia with dysplasia showed a significantly higher Ki-67 labeling index and actual proliferation index, compared to leukoplakia without dysphasia. There was a significant correlation of Bryne's histological malignancy grading with the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count and the Ki-67 labeling index. There was a significant positive correlation between the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count and the Ki-67 labeling index among all groups. CONCLUSIONS Leukoplakia or suspected epithelial dysplasia should be stained for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and Ki-67. The actual proliferation index is not only useful as a prognostic factor, but could also be a promising treatment determining modality for patients with premalignant and malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay R Chandak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Jamanlal Goenka Dental College and Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra, India
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López-Blanc SA, Collet AM, Gandolfo MS, Femopase F, Hernández SL, Tomasi VH, Paparella ML, Itoiz ME. Nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) and subepithelial vascularization as field cancerization markers in oral mucosa biopsies of alcoholic and smoking patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:747-53. [PMID: 19748291 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to show that variations in nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) and the increase in subepithelial vascularization could reveal changes related to markers of field cancerization in alcoholic and smoking patients who have not yet expressed clinical or histological malignant lesions. STUDY DESIGN Quantitative variations in epithelial AgNOR and in the vascularization of the underlying connective tissue were assessed by image analysis in histologically normal biopsy specimens from alcohol drinkers and smoking patients (DS). AgNORs were evidenced by silver staining and vessel walls were labeled by immunohistochemical demonstration of the CD34 antigen. Samples of oral mucosa of nonalcoholic, nonsmoking patients (NDS) obtained during surgical procedures served as controls. Eight parameters related to number, volume, and shape of nuclei and AgNORs, and 4 parameters related to number and diameter of vascular sections were evaluated. Differences between DS and NDS groups were statistically evaluated by means of ANOVA test and posterior Bonferroni comparisons. RESULTS The morphometric analysis revealed more irregular-shaped AgNORs in the superficial and suprabasal layers of the oral mucosa of DS patients. The suprabasal layers also exhibited a significantly larger number of AgNORs. The normal oral mucosa of DS patients exhibited a greater vascular density, with predominance of small-caliber blood vessels underlying the basement membrane. CONCLUSION The variations in AgNOR and epithelial vascularization would be practical biomarkers to evaluate changes underlying the augmented risk of cancerization in oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A López-Blanc
- Department of Oral Pathology, Clinical Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Aromando RF, Heber EM, Trivillin VA, Nigg DW, Schwint AE, Itoiz ME. Insight into the mechanisms underlying tumor response to boron neutron capture therapy in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:448-54. [PMID: 19141057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The therapeutic success of different boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) protocols employing the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model has been previously reported by our laboratory. The aim of this study was to explore potential mechanisms of BNCT-induced damage to tumor in terms of potential inhibition in DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis in the tumors that underwent partial remission following application of the different BNCT protocols in this model. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated DNA synthesis employing incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine as an end-point. Apoptosis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry employing the deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling technique and Bax and Bcl-2 labeling. These studies were performed in tumors that underwent partial remission 1-30 days post-BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA), GB-10 (Na(2)(10)B(10)H(10)) or (BPA + GB-10). RESULTS BNCT exerted a marked inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in tumors for all the protocols under study. The inhibitory effect of BPA-BNCT occurred as soon as 1 day post-treatment (P < 0.001). Conversely, the effect of GB-10-BNCT became apparent 7-14 days after therapy (P < 0.001) and was sustained until killed at 30 days post-treatment (P < 0.001). (GB-10 + BPA)-BNCT exerted a rapid and persistent effect, conceivably because of the combined effect of BNCT mediated by both boron compounds. The apoptosis studies did not show differences between the pre-treatment group and any of the BNCT groups. CONCLUSIONS One of the mechanisms involved in BNCT-induced tumor control in our model would be an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. Apoptosis does not seem to have a significant role in BNCT-induced tumor control in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina F Aromando
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Teresa DB, Neves KA, Neto CB, Fregonezi PAG, de Oliveira MRB, Zuanon JAS, Donadi EA, Mendes-Junior CT, Soares CP. Computer-assisted analysis of cell proliferation markers in oral lesions. Acta Histochem 2007; 109:377-87. [PMID: 17706749 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in any component of the cell cycle regulatory machine may result in oral cancer, and markers of cell proliferation have been used to determine the prognosis of tumor progression. The aim of this study was to determine whether silver-stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and Ki-67 measurements could improve the assessment of growth rates in oral lesions. Eighty-three oral biopsies were studied, 20 of which were classified as fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH), 40 as leukoplakia (LKP) and 23 as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Within the LKP group, 22 out of 29 biopsies were diagnosed as non-dysplastic leukoplakia (LK) and 18 as dysplastic leukoplakia (DLK), presenting discrete, moderate and severe dysplasia. Ki-67 immunolabeling of the lesions increased steadily in the following order: FIH, DLK, LK and OSCC, indicating that Ki-67 is a good marker for predicting the proliferative fraction among benign, premalignant and malignant oral lesions. The median values of AgNOR parameters indicate that the morphometric index gives better results regarding the proliferative rate than the numerical one. A series of linear regressions between AgNOR parameters and Ki-67 showed positive associations. We conclude that a combination of Ki-67 and morphometric AgNOR analyses could be used as an aid in the determination of the proliferative status of oral epithelial cells in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Barreto Teresa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, 14 801 902 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Heber EM, Aromando RF, Trivillin VA, Itoiz ME, Nigg DW, Kreimann EL, Schwint AE. Therapeutic effect of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) on field cancerized tissue: Inhibition of DNA synthesis and lag in the development of second primary tumors in precancerous tissue around treated tumors in DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:273-9. [PMID: 17137553 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported the therapeutic success of different BNCT protocols in the treatment of oral cancer, employing the hamster cheek pouch model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these BNCT protocols on DNA synthesis in precancerous and normal tissue in this model and assess the potential lag in the development of second primary tumors in precancerous tissue. The data are relevant to potential control of field cancerized tissue and tolerance of normal tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated DNA synthesis in precancerous and normal pouch tissue 1-30 days post-BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA), GB-10 (Na(2)(10)B(10)H(10)) or (BPA+GB-10) employing incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine as an end-point. The BNCT-induced potential lag in the development of second primary tumors from precancerous tissue was monitored. RESULTS A drastic, statistically significant reduction in DNA synthesis occurred in precancerous tissue as early as 1 day post-BNCT and was sustained at virtually all time-points until 30 days post-BNCT for all the protocols. The histological categories evaluated individually within precancerous tissue (dysplasia, hyperplasia and NUMF [no unusual microscopic features]) responded similarly. DNA synthesis in normal tissue treated with BNCT oscillated around the very low pre-treatment values. A BNCT-induced lag in the development of second primary tumors was observed. CONCLUSIONS BNCT induced a drastic fall in DNA synthesis in precancerous tissue that would be associated to the observed lag in the development of second primary tumors. The minimum variations in DNA synthesis in BNCT-treated normal tissue would correlate with the absence of normal tissue radiotoxicity. The present data would support the control of field-cancerized areas by BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Heber
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Prov Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Raimondi A, Cabrini R, Itoiz ME. Ploidy analysis of field cancerization and cancer development in the hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis model. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34:227-31. [PMID: 15752258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hamster cheek-pouch carcinogenesis model is a well-known animal system that closely mimics the development of premalignant and malignant lesions in human oral cancer. Our aim was to numerically characterize the premalignant and malignant lesions and expressions of field cancerization in this model using ploidy as the end-point. METHODS To study the DNA content and proliferation status of the cells in this model we assessed the Feulgen reaction and the immunohistochemical reaction for 5-bromo-2-deoxiuridine (BrdU) in different histological areas of serial tissue sections of the cheek pouches of animals injected with BrdU. RESULTS Ploidy values were higher in cancerized epithelia with no unusual microscopic features (NUMF), in preneoplastic and tumor areas than in control epithelia. The aneuploidy index was higher in NUMF areas than in control and differed significantly from control in preneoplastic areas and carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The unexpected alteration in DNA content observed in NUMF epithelia is of great relevance as a biomarker of field cancerized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raimondi
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, 1122 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Surowiak P, Paluchowski P, Wysocka T, Wojnar A, Zabel M. Steroid receptor status, proliferation and metallothionein expression in primary invasive ductal breast cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2004; 10:207-11. [PMID: 15619641 DOI: 10.1007/bf03033762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most important immunocytochemical prognostic and predictive factors in cases of breast cancer include estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). The present study aimed at examining the relationship between the manifestation intensity of proliferation markers (Ki-67 and nucleolar organizer regions--AgNORs) on one hand, and expression of ER and PgR on the other in a uniform group of invasive ductal breast cancers of G2 grade. Moreover, the study aimed at examining the relationship between the above mentioned markers and expression of metallothionein (MT). The studies were performed on samples of invasive ductal breast cancers of G2 grade, originating from 60 females. In paraffin sections originating from the studied cases immunocytochemical reactions were performed using monoclonal antibodies to ER, PgR, Ki-67 and MT, and silver staining was conducted to localize AgNORs. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistica software. Results indicate that manifestation of AgNORs does not correlate with any of the studied antigens (ER, PgR, Ki-67, MT) (p>0.05). Moreover, no relationship could be demonstrated between the intensity of MT expression and proliferation markers or steroid receptor status (p>0.05). A negative correlation was shown between the expression of ER and Ki-67 (p=0.0009). The most intense proliferative activity was demonstrated in cases of breast cancer showing PgR expression but no ER expression (p=0.015), while the lowest proliferative activity was detected in breast cancers with expression of both ER and PgR (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Surowiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University School of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland.
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Spolidorio LC, Neves KA, Soares CP, Spolidorio DMP, Basso MFM, Malavazzi I, Almeida OP. Evaluation of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in oral tumor progression. Micron 2003; 33:605-8. [PMID: 12475557 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-4328(02)00031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the presence of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in normal oral mucosa, dysplasia and microinvasive carcinoma. All histological specimens were reviewed according to the modified classification and staging system for oral leukoplakia described by van-der-Waal et al. [Oral Oncol. 36 (2000) 264]. NOR quantification was performed with an image analyzer after staining by the argyrophilic nucleolar region technique. The morphometric results were statistically different for normal mucosa, dysplasia and microinvasive carcinoma. It was concluded that an increase of NOR activity follows the disease progression and may reflect the degree of cellular proliferation and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Spolidorio
- Department of Oral Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, University of São Paulo State, Rua Humaitá, 1680 CEP, 14801-903 Araraquara, Brazil.
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Chattopadhyay A, Ray JG, Caplan DJ. AgNOR count as objective marker for dysplastic features in oral leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2002; 31:512-7. [PMID: 12269989 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.00153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysplasia is an important feature of leukoplakia. Because agreement among oral pathologists is poor regarding lesional diagnosis, silver stainable nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) as replicatory markers may have a place in objectively characterizing dysplasia in tissue specimens. METHODS We studied 41 normal oral epithelia, 51 oral leukoplakia (26 dysplastic, 25 non-dysplastic), and 51 cases of squamous cell carcinoma specimens for their mean AgNOR counts. RESULTS Mean AgNOR counts increased gradually from normal epithelium to non-dysplastic to dysplastic leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma. Using ROC analysis, we determined a mean AgNOR count cut-point (2.37) that can be used to distinguish between dysplastic and non-dysplastic leukoplakia. The test had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 83% with area under the curve being 88%. CONCLUSIONS Mean AgNOR count could be a valuable criterion for defining objective parameters for diagnosis/determination of dysplasia distinguishing between dysplastic and non-dysplastic leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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Ielmini MV, Heber E, Schwint AE, Cabrini RL, Itoiz ME. AgNOR are sensitive markers of radiation lesions in squamous epithelia. J Dent Res 2000; 79:850-6. [PMID: 10765959 DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of detection of incipient cellular alterations is central to early diagnosis and to clinician's capacity to discriminate between samples that appear similar on routine preparations. We examined the value of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in detecting radio-induced alterations in a model of squamous epithelium biologically similar to oral mucosa. Morphometry of AgNOR has been proven to be of value in the detection of incipient cellular alterations. This method allows for the quantitative evaluation of lesions induced by high doses of radiation long before they become apparent in routine preparations. We herein examine the capacity of AgNOR to reveal the response to low doses of radiation, closer to the therapeutic or accidental dose to which the epithelium of oral mucosa may be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Ielmini
- Department of Radiobiology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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