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Gomes ÁNDM, Oliveira KK, Marchi FA, Bettim BB, Germano JN, Gonçalves Filho J, Pinto CAL, Lourenço SV, Coutinho-Camillo CM. TGFβ signaling pathway in salivary gland tumors. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 162:105943. [PMID: 38479278 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are the most prevalent salivary gland tumors. Their pathogenesis has been recently associated with complex molecular cascades, including the TGFβ signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of genes associated with the TGFβ signaling pathway (TGFB1, ITGB6, SMAD2, SMAD4, FBN1, LTBP1, and c-MYC) to map possible downstream alterations in the TGFβ cascade. DESIGN Thirteen PA, 17 MEC, 13 ACC, and 10 non-neoplastic salivary gland samples were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Cases of PA presented increased TGFB1, LTPB1, c-MYC, and FBN1 expressions, whereas SMAD2 expression was decreased when compared to non-neoplastic tissue. MEC patients displayed increased expressions of TGFB1, ITGB6, FBN1, and c-MYC and decreased expressions of SMAD2 and SMAD4. ACC cases exhibited elevated expressions of the investigated genes except TGFB1. The present results suggest that decreased expression of SMAD2 and SMAD4 does not impede the transcriptional regulation of c-MYC, especially in PA and MEC. Increased expressions of ITGB6, TGFB1, LTBP1, and FBN1 appear to be related to the regulation of the TGFβ signaling pathway in these tumors. Additionally, we observed a higher expression of SMAD4 in ACC and a raised expression of ITGB6 and lowered expression of SMAD2 in MEC. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the differential expression of TGFβ cascade members in salivary gland tumors such as SMAD2/SMAD4 and c-MYC as well as the participation of ITGB6, TGFB1, LTBP1, and FBN1, contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágatha Nagli de Mello Gomes
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Gonçalves Filho
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaringology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudia Malheiros Coutinho-Camillo
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Scarini JF, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, Ribeiro de Assis MCF, Damas II, Altemani A, Egal ESA, dos Santos JN, Bello IO, Mariano FV. Heterogeneity and versatility of the extracellular matrix during the transition from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: cumulative findings from basic research and new insights. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:942604. [PMID: 37138857 PMCID: PMC10149834 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.942604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for 50%-60% of these neoplasms. If untreated, 6.2% of PA may undergo malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). CXPA is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor, whose prevalence represents approximately 3%-6% of all salivary gland tumors. Although the pathogenesis of the PA-CXPA transition remains unclear, CXPA development requires the participation of cellular components and the tumor microenvironment for its progression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises a heterogeneous and versatile network of macromolecules synthesized and secreted by embryonic cells. In the PA-CXPA sequence, ECM is formed by a variety of components including collagen, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and other glycoproteins, mainly secreted by epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Like in other tumors including breast cancer, ECM changes play an important role in the PA-CXPA sequence. This review summarizes what is currently known about the role of ECM during CXPA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Figueira Scarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Falcão Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Iara Damas
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jean Nunes dos Santos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim Olajide Bello
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Correspondence: Fernanda Viviane Mariano
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Laohavisudhi F, Chunchai T, Ketchaikosol N, Thosaporn W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Evaluation of CD44s, CD44v6, CXCR2, CXCL1, and IL-1β in Benign and Malignant Tumors of Salivary Glands. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1275. [PMID: 35626430 PMCID: PMC9141664 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported an association between high expression of CD44 in different types of cancer. However, no study has reported a link among CD44 expression, other biomarkers, and the aggressiveness of salivary gland tumors. METHODS A total of 38 specimens were obtained from non-tumorous salivary glands, benign and malignant tumors in salivary glands. Immunohistochemical analyses of CD44s, CD44v6, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCR2 were performed, and the area of positive cells was assessed. RESULTS We found that both CD44s and CXCR2 expression were increased in the benign and malignant groups. CD44v6 was also increased in both groups, but it had the highest level in the malignant group. IL-1β was the only biomarker that increased significantly in the malignant group in comparison to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS CD44s, CD44v6, CXCR2, and IL-1β expressions were found to be higher in salivary gland tumors. However, IL-1β alone may play a crucial role in the aggressiveness of salivary gland tumors as this cytokine was expressed only in the malignant group with high expression associated with high-grade malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonthip Laohavisudhi
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.L.); (N.K.); (W.T.)
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.C.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.C.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natnicha Ketchaikosol
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.L.); (N.K.); (W.T.)
| | - Wacharaporn Thosaporn
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.L.); (N.K.); (W.T.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.C.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.L.); (N.K.); (W.T.)
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.C.); (N.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Andreadis D, Poulopoulos A, Epivatianos A, Nomikos A, Parlitsis D, Christidis K, Barbatis C, Kavvadas D, Toskas A, Papamitsou T, Antoniades D. Cell adhesion molecules' altered profile in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The paradigm of beta4-integrin, desmoglein-2, ICAM-1 and CD44s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:18. [PMID: 33372636 PMCID: PMC7720471 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Alterations in intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix connections contribute to tumour development. This study investigates the expression of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in salivary gland tumors (SGTs). Methods Formalin–fixed, paraffin– embedded tissue specimens of different types of 34 benign and 31 malignant SGTs and normal salivary glands were studied using Envision/HRP immunohistochemical technique for Desmoglein-2 (Dsg-2), beta4-integrin, CD44s and ICAM-1. Intensity of staining was evaluated in a semi-quantitative manner. Results were analyzed using Kendall’s τ and Spearman’s ρ as correlation criteria. Results Dsg-2 in intercellular space, beta4-integrin in cell-basal membrane, and CD44s in both types of contacts were strongly expressed in normal acinar and ductal cells, whereas ICAM-1 was expressed only at the endothelium and sparse stromal cells and monocytes. Strong correlation was found between Dsg-2 expression in adenomas and controls and between adenocarcinomas and controls. In adenomas, a distinct cytoplasmic presence of Dsg-2 was observed in addition to the usual membranous expression, with decreased expression in comparison with normal tissue. In malignant SGTs, Dsg-2 expression was absent. In most SGTs, beta4-integrin was expressed also with a distinct pattern, involving the cytoplasm and the unpolarised membrane, while CD44 was found only on the membrane. Strong correlation between beta4-integrin expression in adenomas and controls was noted, while CD44 expression was found to be correlated significantly between adenocarcinomas and controls (p < 0.001). Regarding ICAM-1, its expression was found increased in adenomas, with non-specific distribution in malignant SGTs and strong correlation between the histological subtypes and controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion The different expression profile of CAMs in SGTs could possibly suggest a role on their pathogenesis, representing a model of how neoplastic cells can take advantage of normal tissue architecture and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Andreadis
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulopoulos
- Department of Oral Medicine/Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Apostolos Epivatianos
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros Nomikos
- Department of Histopathology, Asklipion" Hospital of Athens, Athens, 10564, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Parlitsis
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | | | - Calypso Barbatis
- Pathology, External Consultant, HISTO-BIO-DIAGNOSIS-HBD, Athens, 11526, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kavvadas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Toskas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Antoniades
- Department of Oral Medicine/Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Immunoexpression of α2β1, α3β1, and α5β1 integrins in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 21:258-64. [PMID: 22914615 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182649119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of α2β1, α3β1, and α5β1 integrins between 28 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), and investigate differences in the expression of these integrins according to histologic subtypes of ACCs. It was taken into consideration the presence or absence, distribution, and localization of integrin immunoexpression. There was immunoreactivity in the intercellular contacts of the strands, nests, and solid sheets of PAs, as well as in the luminal and nonluminal cells of the duct-like structures, with a predominant immunoexpression in the luminal cells. The immunoexpression in ACCs varied with histologic subtype of the tumor. It was verified for a tendency of absence and/or reduced expression of all integrins in the solid subtype of ACCs. In general, PAs revealed a more diffuse and remarkable immunoexpression of all studied integrins than ACCs. The reduced integrins expression in ACC may be related to a lesser degree of cell differentiation in this neoplasm. Moreover, the absence and/or reduced expression of the studied integrins in solid ACC suggest a possible role in pathogenesis and more aggressive biological behavior of this histologic subtype.
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Tight junctions in salivary epithelium. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:278948. [PMID: 20182541 PMCID: PMC2825559 DOI: 10.1155/2010/278948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell tight junctions (TJs) consist of a narrow belt-like structure in the apical region of the lateral plasma membrane that circumferentially binds each cell to its neighbor. TJs are found in tissues that are involved in polarized secretions, absorption functions, and maintaining barriers between blood and interstitial fluids. The morphology, permeability, and ion selectivity of TJ vary among different types of tissues and species. TJs are very dynamic structures that assemble, grow, reorganize, and disassemble during physiological or pathological events. Several studies have indicated the active role of TJ in intestinal, renal, and airway epithelial function; however, the functional significance of TJ in salivary gland epithelium is poorly understood. Interactions between different combinations of the TJ family (each with their own unique regulatory proteins) define tissue specificity and functions during physiopathological processes; however, these interaction patterns have not been studied in salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to analyze some of the current data regarding the regulatory components of the TJ that could potentially affect cellular functions of the salivary epithelium.
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Collagen Type I may Influence the Expression of E-Cadherin and Beta-catenin in Carcinoma Ex-pleomorphic Adenoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2009; 17:312-8. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3181946ea6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lourenço SV, Lima DMC. Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma: in vitro study of the impact of TGFbeta1 on the expression of integrins and cytoskeleton markers of cell differentiation. Int J Exp Pathol 2007; 88:191-8. [PMID: 17504449 PMCID: PMC2517303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are the commonest benign and malignant salivary gland tumours respectively. Interactions between cells and extracellular matrix of PA and ACC, partially mediated by integrins, are important in their biology. The expression of integrins is regulated by numerous factors, amongst them, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1). Our study investigated the effects of TGFbeta1 on the expression of integrin beta subunits in vitro and on the expression of cytoskeletal proteins of cells derived from PA and ACC. The expression of cytoskeletal differentiation markers and integrins was assessed using immunofluorescence. ELISA assays were employed to quantitate the expression integrins and MTT assays evaluated the mitochondrial activity of cells stimulated with TGFbeta1. PA cells showed increased expression of integrins and de novo expression of differentiation markers upon TGFbeta1 stimulation. ACC cells were less responsive to such stimulation. This may reflect important differences in the biological behaviour of benign and malignant cells.
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Pablo Marquez J, Genin GM, Elson EL. On the application of strain factors for approximation of the contribution of anisotropic cells to the mechanics of a tissue construct. J Biomech 2005; 39:2145-51. [PMID: 16055135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bio-artificial tissue constructs consisting of fibroblast cells embedded in a collagenous matrix are valuable in vitro systems in which to study cellular mechanics. Deriving cellular mechanics from the results of experimentation on tissue constructs requires a mathematical relationship that delineates amongst the contributions of the constituents of a tissue construct. A scaling between the average strain in a uniformly stretched tissue and the axial strain in isotropic cells was used in earlier work to study relations between cell mechanics and the overall mechanics of a tissue construct. That work showed that a scaling factor called a "strain factor" provided an accurate representation of the average axial strain in isotropic cells. The present study analyzes such relationships for anisotropic cells. We incorporate Eshelby's (1957; Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 241, 376; 1959; Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 252, 561) exact solution for the strain field in isolated ellipsoidal inclusions into the Zahalak (Biophysical journal 79, 2369) constitutive model for tissue constructs. Results showed that, for the case of prolate cells, the strain along the major cell axis is mostly influenced by the remote strain projected along that axis; off-axis cell mechanics plays only a small role in most tissues. The strain factor approximation is shown to be accurate for anisotropic cells to within a few percent for the vast majority of tissues. The results presented in this paper provide an explicit measure of the effects of cellular anisotropy, and a mechanism for calculating the contributions of these effects to overall tissue mechanics when these effects are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pablo Marquez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Campus Box 1185, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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