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Sharma M, Sarode SC, Sarode G, Radhakrishnan R. Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis - Reassessing the biology of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:320-328. [PMID: 38395254 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive tissue healing resulting from physical, chemical, or mechanical trauma. Notably, areca nut consumption significantly contributes to the development of oral fibrosis. The current definition of OSF, recognizing its potential for malignant transformation, necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology and etiology. HIGHLIGHTS Areca nut induces fibrotic pathways by upregulating inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β and expressing additional cytokines. Moreover, it triggers the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, characterized by α-SMA and γSMA expression, resulting in accelerated collagen production. Arecoline, a component of areca nut, has been shown to elevate levels of reactive oxygen species, upregulate the expression of various cytokines, and activate specific signaling pathways (MEK, COX2, PI3K), all contributing to fibrosis. Therefore, we propose redefining OSF as "Areca nut-induced oral fibrosis" (AIOF) to align with current epistemology, emphasizing its distinctive association with areca nut consumption. The refined definition enhances our ability to develop targeted interventions, thus contributing to more effective prevention and treatment strategies for oral submucous fibrosis worldwide. CONCLUSION Arecoline plays a crucial role as a mediator in fibrosis development, contributing to extracellular matrix accumulation in OSF. The re-evaluation of OSF as AIOF offers a more accurate representation of the condition. This nuanced perspective is essential for distinguishing AIOF from other forms of oral fibrosis and advancing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 18, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 18, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India; Academic Unit of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
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Experimental Study on Blue Light Interaction with Human Keloid-Derived Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120573. [PMID: 33291338 PMCID: PMC7762279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are an exuberant response to wound healing, characterized by an exaggerated synthesis of collagen, probably due to the increase of fibroblasts activity and to the reduction of their apoptosis rate: currently no standard treatments or pharmacological therapies are able to prevent keloid recurrence. To reach this goal, in recent years some physical treatments have been proposed, and among them the PhotoBioModulation therapy (PBM). This work analyses the effects of a blue LED light irradiation (410-430 nm, 0.69 W/cm2 power density) on human fibroblasts, isolated from both keloids and perilesional tissues. Different light doses (3.43-6.87-13.7-20.6-30.9 and 41.2 J/cm2) were tested. Biochemical assays and specific staining were used to assess cell metabolism, proliferation and viability. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to explore direct effects of the blue LED light on the Cytochrome C (Cyt C) oxidase. We also investigated the effects of the irradiation on ionic membrane currents by patch-clamp recordings. Our results showed that the blue LED light can modulate cell metabolism and proliferation, with a dose-dependent behavior and that these effects persist at least till 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the highest fluence value can reduce cell viability 24 h after irradiation in keloid-derived fibroblasts, while the same effect is observed 48 h after treatment in perilesional fibroblasts. Electrophysiological recordings showed that the medium dose (20.6 J/cm2) of blue LED light induces an enhancement of voltage-dependent outward currents elicited by a depolarizing ramp protocol. Overall, these data demonstrate the potentials that PBM shows as an innovative and minimally-invasive approach in the management of hypertrophic scars and keloids, in association with current treatments.
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Das A, Giri S. A Review on Role of Arecoline and Its Metabolites in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Oral Lesions with an Insight into Current Status of Its Metabolomics. Prague Med Rep 2020; 121:209-235. [PMID: 33270010 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2020.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut consumption is a popular habit in Southeast Asian countries. One of the important biologically active alkaloids of areca nut is arecoline, which plays a role in mediating the development of several pathologies of the primary exposure site, the oral cavity. Studies on the metabolism of arecoline revealed the formation of several metabolites which themselves might be toxic. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of arecoline might predispose an organism towards the development of oral cancer. The present review tries to accumulate all the relevant existing literature and then elucidate the molecular mechanism by which arecoline plays a role in the development of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. Existing information regarding arecoline metabolism, enzymes involved in the metabolic process and biological effects of the metabolites of arecoline have also been compiled and compared to study the toxicity of metabolites with its parent compound arecoline and whether they play any role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer mediated by areca nut consumption. A repertoire of molecular targets has come up in the discussion whose expression profile is perturbed by arecoline. Construction of induction cascade from existing literature has given an idea about the process of molecular pathogenesis. The summarized and analysed data can help to determine the molecular mechanism and drug targets, which in turn could be helpful in the prevention or treatment of these pathological conditions. It also brings into light areas where further research needs to be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Das
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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Chang MC, Pan YH, Wu HL, Lu YJ, Liao WC, Yeh CY, Lee JJ, Jeng JH. Stimulation of MMP-9 of oral epithelial cells by areca nut extract is related to TGF-β/Smad2-dependent and -independent pathways and prevented by betel leaf extract, hydroxychavicol and melatonin. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11624-11639. [PMID: 31831717 PMCID: PMC6932916 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are 200-600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ increases oral cancer risk. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is responsible for matrix degradation, cancer invasion and metastasis. Whether areca nut extract (ANE), a BQ component, stimulates MMP-9 secretion, and the related signaling pathways awaits investigation. RESULTS ANE (but not arecoline) stimulated MMP-9 production of gingival keratinocytes and SAS cancer epithelial cells. ANE stimulated TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-TAK1 protein expression. ANE-induced MMP-9 production/expression in SAS cells can be attenuated by SB431542 (ALK5/Smad2 inhibitor), 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (TAK1 inhibitor), catalase, PD153035 (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor), AG490 (JAK inhibitor), U0126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K/Akt inhibitor), betel leaf (PBL) extract, and hydroxychavicol (HC, a PBL component), and melatonin, but not by aspirin. CONCLUSIONS AN components contribute to oral carcinogenesis by stimulating MMP-9 secretion, thus enhancing tumor invasion/metastasis. These events are related to reactive oxygen species, TGF-β1, Smad2-dependent and -independent signaling, but not COX. These signaling molecules can be biomarkers of BQ carcinogenesis. PBL, HC and melatonin and other targeting therapy can be used for oral cancer treatment. METHODS ANE-induced MMP-9 expression/secretion of oral epithelial cells and related TGF-β1, Smad-dependent and -independent signaling were studied by MTT assay, RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsyueh-Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Lu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chuen Liao
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yang Yeh
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jaer Lee
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liao YW, Yu CC, Hsieh PL, Chang YC. miR-200b ameliorates myofibroblast transdifferentiation in precancerous oral submucous fibrosis through targeting ZEB2. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4130-4138. [PMID: 29893466 PMCID: PMC6111815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a progressive scarring disease. MicroRNA-200b (miR-200b) has been reported as a tumour suppressor, but its role in the precancerous OSF remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of miR-200b on myofibroblastic differentiation activity. Arecoline is a major areca nut alkaloid and has been employed to induce the elevated myofibroblast activity in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). Treatment of arecoline in BMFs dose-dependently reduced gene expression of miR-200b, which corresponded with the decreased expression of miR-200b in fBMFs. The arecoline-induced myofibroblast activities were abolished by overexpression of miR-200b in BMFs, and the same results were observed in fBMFs. In addition, α-SMA was inhibited by an increase in miR-200b. We further demonstrated that miR-200b-mediated decrease in ZEB2 led to down-regulation of α-SMA, vimentin. Loss of miR-200b resulted in enhanced collagen contraction and migration capabilities, and knockdown of ZEB2 reversed these phenomena. Lastly, we showed the expression of miR-200b was significantly less and ZEB2 was markedly higher in OSF tissues. These results suggested that down-regulation of miR-200b may contribute to the pathogenesis of areca quid-associated OSF through the regulation of ZEB2 and myofibroblast hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Oral submucous fibrosis: a historical perspective and a review on etiology and pathogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:178-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang YP, Wu YC, Cheng SJ, Chen HM, Sun A, Chang JYF. High frequencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and gastric parietal cell antibody positivity in oral submucous fibrosis patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:813-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Tsai CH, Lee SS, Chang YC. Hypoxic regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human buccal mucosa fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:669-73. [PMID: 25367145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is regarded as a pre-cancerous condition with fibrosis in oral subepithelial connective tissue. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α regulates a wide variety of profibrogenic genes, which are closely associated with tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare HIF-1α expression in normal buccal mucosa tissues and OSF specimens and further explore the potential mechanisms that may lead to the induction of HIF-1α expression. METHOD Twenty-five OSF specimens and six normal buccal mucosa were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of HIF-1α from fibroblasts cultured from OSF and normal buccal mucosa was measured by Western blot. Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged to normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether HIF-1α expression could affect by arecoline. In addition, the effects of arecoline on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 expression were evaluated in environmental hypoxia. RESULTS HIF-1α expression was significantly higher in OSF specimens and expressed mainly by fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Fibroblasts derived from OSF were found to exhibit higher HIF-1α protein expression than BMFs (P < 0.05). Arecoline was found to upregulate HIF-1α protein in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Hypoxia increased arecoline-induced PAI-1 protein expression than normoxic conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that HIF-1α expression is significantly upregulated in OSF tissues from areca quid chewers, implying a potential role as a biomarker for local tissue hypoxia. The activation of HIF-1α may promote fibrogenesis by an increase of PAI-1 expression and a subsequent elevation of extracellular matrix production in oral submucosa leading to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Oral Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Effect of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition on mouse renal interstitial fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:578-83. [PMID: 24975097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a well-established model for the study of interstitial fibrosis in the kidney. In this study, we investigated the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, on UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in mice. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urinary glucose were significantly increased by UUO. However, all of these changes were attenuated by meloxicam (1 mg/kg/day). Masson׳s trichrome staining showed that interstitial fibrosis was significantly increased by UUO, but that meloxicam also significantly diminished the area of UUO-induced fibrosis. Heat shock protein (HSP) 47 protein, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone essential for the biosynthesis of collagen molecules, and type IV collagen mRNA were increased in kidneys of UUO mice. Meloxicam reduced the expression of both HSP47 protein and type IV collagen mRNA. The phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) was increased by UUO, but these changes were inhibited by meloxicam. Collectively, these results suggest that COX-2 may be involved in the expression of HSP47 and type IV collagen through the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, accelerating renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Chang YC, Tsai CH, Lai YL, Yu CC, Chi WY, Li JJ, Chang WW. Arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from human buccal mucosal fibroblasts is mediated by ZEB1. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:698-708. [PMID: 24400868 PMCID: PMC4000120 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is considered as a pre-cancerous condition of the oral mucosa and is highly associated with habitual areca quid chewing. Arecoline is the major alkaloid in areca quid and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of OSF. Our previous studies have demonstrated that arecoline could induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors in primary human buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). Therefore, we investigated the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which is a well-known transcriptional factor in EMT, in OSF tissues and its role in arecoline-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation from BMFs. The expression of ZEB1, as well as the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was significantly increased in OSF tissues, respectively. With immunofluorescence analysis, arecoline induced the formation of α-SMA-positive stress fibres in BMFs expressing nuclear ZEB1. Arecoline also induced collagen contraction of BMFs in vitro. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, the binding of ZEB1 to the α-SMA promoter in BMFs was increased by arecoline. The promoter activity of α-SMA in BMFs was also induced by arecoline, while knockdown of ZEB1 abolished arecoline-induced α-SMA promoter activity and collagen contraction of BMFs. Long-term exposure of BMFs to arecoline induced the expression of fibrogenic genes and ZEB1. Silencing of ZEB1 in fibrotic BMFs from an OSF patient also suppressed the expression of α-SMA and myofibroblast activity. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 could suppress arecoline-induced ZEB1 activation in BMFs. Our data suggest that ZEB1 may participate in the pathogenesis of areca quid–associated OSF by activating the α-SMA promoter and inducing myofibroblast transdifferentiation from BMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abdul-Wahab MF, Homma T, Wright M, Olerenshaw D, Dafforn TR, Nagata K, Miller AD. The pH sensitivity of murine heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) binding to collagen is affected by mutations in the breach histidine cluster. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4452-61. [PMID: 23212911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a single-substrate molecular chaperone crucial for collagen biosynthesis. Although its function is well established, the molecular mechanisms that govern binding to procollagen peptides and triple helices in the endoplasmic reticulum (followed by controlled release in the Golgi) are unclear. HSP47 binds procollagen at a neutral pH but releases at a pH similar to the pK(a) of the imidazole side chain of histidine residues. It thus seems likely that these residues are involved in this pH-dependent mechanism. Murine HSP47 has 14 histidine residues grouped into three clusters, known as the breach, gate, and shutter. Here, we report the use of histidine mutagenesis to demonstrate the relative contribution of these three clusters to HSP47 structure and the "pH switch." Many of the tested mutants are silent; however, breach mutants H197A and H198A show binding but no apparent pH switch and are unable to control release. Another breach mutant, H191A, shows perturbed collagen release characteristics, consistent with observed perturbations in pH-driven trans-conformational changes. Thus, His-198, His-197 and His-191 are important (if not central) to HSP47 mechanism of binding/release to collagen. This is consistent with the breach cluster residues being well conserved across the HSP47 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Firdaus Abdul-Wahab
- Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, Department of Chemistry, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Tsai CH, Lee SS, Huang FM, Chang YC. Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 expression in human buccal fibroblasts stimulated with arecoline. Head Neck 2012; 35:1314-8. [PMID: 22965839 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the major thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) expression in normal human buccal mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) specimens and further explore the potential mechanisms that may lead to induce PAR-1 expression. METHODS Thirty OSF and 10 normal buccal mucosa specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. Buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) were challenged with arecoline by using Western blot analysis. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), LY294002, herbimycin A, NS-398, and PD98059 were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS PAR-1 expression was significantly higher in OSF specimens (p < .05). Arecoline was found to elevate PAR-1 expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (p < .05). The addition of NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059 markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression (p < .05). CONCLUSION PAR-1 expression is significantly upregulated in areca quid chewing-associated OSF. Arecoline-induced PAR-1 expression was downregulated by NAC, LY294002, herbimycin A, NS398, and PD98059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Taguchi T, Nazneen A, Al-Shihri AA, A. Turkistani K, Razzaque MS. Heat shock protein 47: a novel biomarker of phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:35-41. [PMID: 21614164 PMCID: PMC3096080 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that helps the molecular maturation of various types of collagens. A close association between increased expression of HSP47 and the excessive accumulation of collagens is found in various human and experimental fibrotic diseases. Increased levels of HSP47 in fibrotic diseases are thought to assist in the increased assembly of procollagen, and thereby contribute to the excessive deposition of collagens in fibrotic areas. Currently, there is not a good universal histological marker to identify collagen-producing cells. Identifying phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells is essential for the development of cell-based therapies to reduce the progression of fibrotic diseases. Since HSP47 has a single substrate, which is collagen, the HSP47 cellular expression provides a novel universal biomarker to identify phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells during wound healing and fibrosis. In this brief article, we explained why HSP47 could be used as a universal marker for identifying phenotypically altered collagen-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Arifa Nazneen
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Abdulmonem A. Al-Shihri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine
| | | | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine
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Possible mechanism of betel-quid-extract-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. J Formos Med Assoc 2011; 109:838-47. [PMID: 21126656 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Betel quid extract (BQE) has been demonstrated to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression. This study aimed to establish the possible mechanism involved in this event. METHODS Western blotting, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and gelatin zymography were used to study the expression level of MMP-2. LY294002, PD98059, U0126, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, SB203580, SP600125, and Bay 11-7082 were used to pretreat OECM-1 cells before BQE treatment and MMP-2 detection. RESULTS OECM-1 cells were subjected to short-term (10 minutes) or long-term (24 hours) BQE treatment (designated as SBT and LBT, respectively), and we found that both treatments increased MMP-2 protein and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. LBT also increased MMP-2 mRNA level. LBT-induced MMP-2 secretion was not inhibited by PD98059 (up to 50 μM) when ERK was effectively blocked, but was attenuated by LY294002 (0-10 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner. This LBT effect was inhibited strongly by SB203580 (10 μM), SP600125 (10 μM), and Bay 11-7082 (10 μM) and mildly by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (5 mM), but not by U0126 (10 μM). CONCLUSION Both SBT and LBT upregulate MMP-2 expression, and LBT-induced MMP-2 expression might be mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and nuclear factor-κB, and to a lesser extent, by reactive oxygen species, rather than by ERK.
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Lee SS, Tseng LH, Li YC, Tsai CH, Chang YC. Heat shock protein 47 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and upregulated by arecoline in human oral epithelial cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:390-6. [PMID: 21198874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a product of CBP2 gene located at chromosome 11q13.5, a region frequently amplified in human cancers. Areca quid chewing is a major risk factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to compare HSP47 expression in normal human oral epithelium and OSCC and further to explore the potential mechanisms that may lead to induce HSP47 expression. METHODS Thirty-two OSCC specimens and ten normal oral tissue biopsy samples without areca quid chewing were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The oral epithelial cell line OC2 cells were challenged with arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, by using Western blot analysis. Furthermore, glutathione precursor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS HSP47 expression was significantly higher in OSCC specimens than normal epithelium (P<0.05). No significant difference in HSP47 expression was observed with respect to age, sex, T category, stage, and differentiation (P>0.05). The lower HSP47 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.015). Arecoline was found to elevate HSP47 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The addition of NAC, PD98059, LY294002, NS398, and herbimycin A markedly inhibited the arecoline-induced HSP47 expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that HSP47 expression is significantly upregulated in areca quid chewing-associated OSCCs. HSP47 could be used clinically as a marker for lymph node metastasis of oral carcinogenesis. In addition, arecoline-induced HSP47 expression was downregulated by NAC, PD98059, LY294002, NS398, and herbimycin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang TY, Tsai CH, Chang YC. The upregulation of heat shock protein 47 in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with cyclosporine A. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:317-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Deng YT, Chen HM, Cheng SJ, Chiang CP, Kuo MYP. Arecoline-stimulated connective tissue growth factor production in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts: Modulation by curcumin. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:e99-e105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chou WW, Guh JY, Tsai JF, Hwang CC, Chiou SJ, Chuang LY. Arecoline-induced phosphorylated p53 and p21WAF1protein expression is dependent on ATM/ATR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in clone-9 cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:408-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tsai CH, Yang SF, Lee SS, Chang YC. Augmented heme oxygenase-1 expression in areca quid chewing-associated oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Dis 2009; 15:281-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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