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Li CX, Zhang L, Yan YR, Ding YJ, Lin YN, Zhou JP, Li N, Li HP, Li SQ, Sun XW, Li QY. A narrative review of exploring potential salivary biomarkers in respiratory diseases: still on its way. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4541-4553. [PMID: 34422380 PMCID: PMC8339781 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is abundant with proteins, metabolites, DNA, and a diverse range of bacterial species. During the past two decades, saliva has emerged as a novel diagnostic and evaluation medium for several diseases. Collection of saliva samples is simple, minimally invasive, and convenient even in infants, children, and patients with anxious. Furthermore, with the development of hypersensitive techniques [e.g., microsensor arrays, enzyme-labeled immunosensors, nanoparticle-labeled immunosensors, capacitive or impedimetric immunosensors, magneto immunosensors, field effect transistor immunosensors, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)], the sensitivity and accuracy of saliva diagnostic procedures have been improved. Nowadays, saliva has been used as a potential medium for several disease diagnosis and assessment, such as periodontitis, caries, cancers, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Saliva has been used widely for studying microbiomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of respiratory diseases, however, the use of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of respiratory disease is still in its infancy. Herein, we review the progress of research on salivary biomarkers related to several respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Furthermore, several limitations of saliva test such as the lack of standard protocol for saliva collection and reasonable reference values for saliva test are also mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, The Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jie Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ni Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ramos-Gutiérrez E, Alejo-González F, Ruiz-Rodríguez S, Garrocho-Rangel JA, Pozos-Guillén A. Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Current concepts in dentistry and case report. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e102-8. [PMID: 26855698 PMCID: PMC4739360 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which is a rare granulomatous pediatric disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by the idiopathic proliferation and accumulation of abnormal and clonal Langerhans cells or their marrow precursors, resulting in localized, solitary or multiple destructive lesions. These lesions are most commonly eosinophilic granuloma, which are found in craniofacial bone structures such as the skull and mandible, skin and other organs. In children, the disease has a variable initial presentation, and the clinical course, prognosis and survival are unpredictable. The aims of this report were to present an LCH case in a girl aged 2 years, 8 months and her clinicopathological features, to describe the bucodental management provided, and to discuss special dental considerations of this disease.
Key words:Children, dental management, histiocytosis, Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Ramos-Gutiérrez
- DDS, Resident, Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, SLP, Mexico
| | - Francisco Alejo-González
- MD, MS, Associate Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, SLP, Mexico
| | - Socorro Ruiz-Rodríguez
- DDS, MS, Chairman, Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, SLP, Mexico
| | - José-Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, SLP, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, SLP, Mexico
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Gonçalves CF, Morais MO, de Cássia Gonçalves Alencar R, Batista AC, Mendonça EF. Solitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult: case report and literature review. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:19. [PMID: 26749317 PMCID: PMC4706661 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease that often affects children, but can also occur in adults and smokers. Oral manifestations are unusual and are characterized by bone pain, tooth mobility, necrotic ulcers and local edema. The aim of this paper is to describe a clinical case of LCH in an oral cavity that mimicked oral squamous cell carcinoma. Case presentation A male, 63 years old, complaining about a “wound in the mouth” for 6 months, without any pain or spontaneous bleeding. His medical history was free of disease. The patient was a smoker for 33 years. Intraoral examination revealed a destructive ulcerative lesion around the upper left first and second molars that resembled an oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy of the ulcerative lesion was performed and the microscopic features showed an inflammatory infiltrate rich in plasma cells. Based on this microscopical finding, the final diagnosis was periodontal disease associated with a proliferative non-neoplastic lesion. The patient was referred to a specialized dental surgeon and underwent periodontal therapy including surgical procedures. After that, according to follow-up with the patient, there were no signs of disease remission. The lesion increased in size, although the patient did not complain of any symptoms. A second biopsy was performed and the microscopic features again showed a rich inflammatory infiltrate with mononuclear cells and histiocytic cells, characterized by pale histiocytes with lobed nuclei, resembling a bean. A varying number of eosinophils also were observed, without any evidence of atypical cells present in this infiltrate. An immunohistochemical staining panel was done to determine the nature of this inflammatory infiltrate by using antibodies S-100, CD1a, CD-68 and CD45RO that were positive. These immunohistochemical findings were fundamental for the final diagnosis of LCH. The treatment included surgical extraction of all superior teeth, radiation and systemic corticoid therapies. After 8 years of treatment, the patient is free of disease. Conclusion Although LCH is an unusual lesion in an oral cavity, it can be present. Biopsy and a histological exam are essential to establish the diagnosis. Immunohistochemicals were fundamental to exclude malignant lesion and to confirm the diagnosis of LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Ferreira Gonçalves
- Avenida Teotônio Segurado, Cj. 01, Lt. 01, Sl 508, Plano Diretor Sul, Palmas, Tocantins, CEP 77061-002, Brazil.
| | - Marília Oliveira Morais
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Praça Universitária S/N, Setor Universitário, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74605-220, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Praça Universitária S/N, Setor Universitário, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74605-220, Brazil.
| | - Elismauro Francisco Mendonça
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Praça Universitária S/N, Setor Universitário, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP 74605-220, Brazil.
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Murakami I, Matsushita M, Iwasaki T, Kuwamoto S, Kato M, Nagata K, Horie Y, Hayashi K, Imamura T, Morimoto A, Imashuku S, Gogusev J, Jaubert F, Takata K, Oka T, Yoshino T. Interleukin-1 loop model for pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:13. [PMID: 25889448 PMCID: PMC4343072 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory process that is prolonged by mutations. We hypothesize that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection triggers an interleukin-1 (IL-1) activation loop that underlies the pathogenesis of LCH. Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen presenting cells in the skin. When LCs encounter exogenous antigens, they migrate from the epidermis into draining lymphoid tissues to initiate T-cell activity. It has been proposed that LC migration-related factors, including E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase, and Notch ligand induce LCH activity. We found that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which binds IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, is expressed at a significantly higher level in LCH affecting multiple organ systems (MS-LCH) than in LCH affecting a single organ system (SS-LCH). IL-1 stimulates T helper 17 cells and their signature cytokine IL-17 had been a matter of controversy. We detected higher levels of IL-17A receptor expression in MS-LCH than in SS-LCH and proposed an IL-17 endocrine model that could settle the controversy. IL-1 is the first cytokine secreted in response to sensitizers and promotes LC migration from sentinel tissues. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), downstream of the IL-1 receptor, has functions in both RAS signaling and inflammation, leading to human cell transformation. In 2010, an activating mutation in the B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma gene (BRAF) V600E was found in LCH. This BRAF mutation induces phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) that may play an important role with MyD88 in LCH pathogenesis. However, phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is rapidly dephosphorylated by dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), and limited proliferation is predicted in BRAF mutant cells. MyD88 binds pERK via its D-domain, thereby preventing pERK–DUSP6 interaction and maintaining ERK in an active, phosphorylated state. We detected MCPyV-DNA in the peripheral blood cells of two out of three patients with LCH in high-risk organs but not in those of patients with LCH in non–high-risk organs (0/12; P = .029). MCPyV infection can trigger precursor LCH cells with BRAF mutation to produce IL-1; the IL-1 loop is amplified in all LCH subclasses. Our model indicates both BRAF mutation and IL-1 loop regulation as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Michiko Matsushita
- Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kuwamoto
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Masako Kato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Keiko Nagata
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Horie
- Department of Pathology, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Akira Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Shinsaku Imashuku
- Division of Pediatrics and Hematology, Takasago-seibu Hospital, Takasago, 676-0812, Japan.
| | - Jean Gogusev
- Inserm U507 and U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France.
| | - Francis Jaubert
- University of Paris Descartes (Paris V), Paris, 75006, France.
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Takashi Oka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Brogden KA, Johnson GK, Vincent SD, Abbasi T, Vali S. Oral inflammation, a role for antimicrobial peptide modulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:1097-113. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.836059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Detection and quantitation of forty eight cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and nine acute phase proteins in healthy human plasma, saliva and urine. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4802-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Martins MAT, Gheno JLN, Sant'Ana Filho M, Pinto DS, Tenis CA, Martins MD. Rare case of unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in four-month-old child. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:963-7. [PMID: 21592594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) comprises a group of disorders, the common feature of which is Langerhans cell proliferation. The clinical presentation is highly varied. The severity and prognosis of the disease are dependent on the type and extent of organ involvement. This paper reports a rare case of a four-month-old white male with unifocal LCH limited exclusively to the mandible, discussing the diagnosis, radiographic and immunohistochemical aspects, treatment and monitoring multidisciplinary of the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio T Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua. Ramiro Barcelos, 2492 Porto Alegre, 90035-003 RS, Brazil
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