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Lee JW, Lee HY. Targeting Cancer Stem Cell Markers or Pathways: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Oral Cancer Treatment. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:386-399. [PMID: 34711702 PMCID: PMC8611309 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, self-renewal potential, and differentiation capacity into multiple cell types. Critical genetic alterations or aberrantly activated signaling pathways associated with drug resistance and recurrence have been observed in multiple types of CSCs. In this context, CSCs are considered to be responsible for tumor initiation, growth, progression, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. Therefore, to effectively eradicate CSCs, tremendous efforts have been devoted to identify specific target molecules that play a critical role in regulating their distinct functions and to develop novel therapeutics, such as proteins, monoclonal antibodies, selective small molecule inhibitors, and small antisense RNA (asRNA) drugs. Similar to other CSC types, oral CSCs can be characterized by certain pluripotency-associated markers, and oral CSCs can also survive and form 3D tumor spheres in suspension culture conditions. These oral CSC-targeting therapeutics selectively suppress specific surface markers or key signaling components and subsequently inhibit the stem-like properties of oral CSCs. A large number of new therapeutic candidates have been tested, and some products are currently in the pre-clinical or clinical development phase. In the present study, we review new oral CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies and discuss the various specific CSC surface markers and key signaling components involved in the stem-like properties, growth, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity of oral CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan, Korea.,Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Romick-Rosendale LE, Hoskins EE, Privette Vinnedge LM, Foglesong GD, Brusadelli MG, Potter SS, Komurov K, Brugmann SA, Lambert PF, Kimple RJ, Virts EL, Hanenberg H, Gillison ML, Wells SI. Defects in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer Cells Stimulate Tumor Cell Invasion through DNA-PK and Rac1 Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2062-73. [PMID: 26603260 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a devastating disease, and Fanconi anemia (FA) gene mutations and transcriptional repression are common. Invasive tumor behavior is associated with poor outcome, but relevant pathways triggering invasion are poorly understood. There is a significant need to improve our understanding of genetic pathways and molecular mechanisms driving advanced tumor phenotypes, to develop tailored therapies. Here we sought to investigate the phenotypic and molecular consequences of FA pathway loss in HNSCC cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using sporadic HNSCC cell lines with and without FA gene knockdown, we sought to characterize the phenotypic and molecular consequences of FA deficiency. FA pathway inactivation was confirmed by the detection of classic hallmarks of FA following exposure to DNA cross-linkers. Cells were subjected to RNA sequencing with qRT-PCR validation, followed by cellular adhesion and invasion assays in the presence and absence of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and Rac1 inhibitors. RESULTS We demonstrate that FA loss in HNSCC cells leads to cytoskeletal reorganization and invasive tumor cell behavior in the absence of proliferative gains. We further demonstrate that cellular invasion following FA loss is mediated, at least in part, through NHEJ-associated DNA-PK and downstream Rac1 GTPase activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that FA loss stimulates HNSCC cell motility and invasion, and implicate a targetable DNA-PK/Rac1 signaling axis in advanced tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth E Hoskins
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Grant D Foglesong
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marion G Brusadelli
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth L Virts
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany. Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Internal Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State, University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Seino S, Shigeishi H, Hashikata M, Higashikawa K, Tobiume K, Uetsuki R, Ishida Y, Sasaki K, Naruse T, Rahman MZ, Ono S, Simasue H, Ohta K, Sugiyama M, Takechi M. CD44high
/ALDH1high
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells exhibit mesenchymal characteristics and GSK3β-dependent cancer stem cell properties. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:180-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Seino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideo Shigeishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Miho Hashikata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Koichiro Higashikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kei Tobiume
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Ryo Uetsuki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Mohammad Zeshaan Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroshi Simasue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Masaru Sugiyama
- Department of Public Oral Health; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
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Wu J, Mu Q, Thiviyanathan V, Annapragada A, Vigneswaran N. Cancer stem cells are enriched in Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2365-72. [PMID: 25340704 PMCID: PMC4215586 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have an increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at a higher rate with no apparent risk factors. HNSCC of FA patients is an aggressive tumor characterized by multifocal origin, early metastases and frequent recurrences. Given that cancer stem cells (CSC) drive tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis, in this study, we characterized the CSC population in FA and sporadic HNSCC. The Aldefluor assay was used to characterize and isolate CSC with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (ALDHpos) in cell lines derived from FA and sporadic HNSCC. Isolated ALDHpos and ALDHneg cells were examined for the expression of stemness genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array. Tumor cell-derived FA and sporadic HNSCC were examined for their ability to form tumorspheres in vitro. Stem-like cell population in FA and sporadic HNSCC in human and mouse xenograft tumors were evaluated using ALDH isoform 1 (ALDH1) immunohistochemistry. FA‑HNSCC cell lines harbor a greater proportion of ALDHpos cells (15-31%) compared to sporadic HNSCC (10%). Expression of Nanog, Oct-3/4 and Stella, molecular markers of undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells were detected in the ALDHpos FA‑HNSCC cells and not in the ALDHneg cells. FA‑HNSCC cell lines revealed enhanced in vitro tumorsphere formation compared to sporadic HNSCC cells. A higher percentage of ALDH1pos tumor cells are noted in the human and mouse xenograft tumors of FA‑HNSCC compared to sporadic HNSCC tumors. FA‑HNSCC are highly enriched for CSC and may serve as a model to develop CSC-targeted therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Qingshan Mu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Varatharasa Thiviyanathan
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ananth Annapragada
- The Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Cancer stem cell markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:319489. [PMID: 23533441 PMCID: PMC3603684 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the world's top ten most common cancers. Current survival rates are poor with only 50% of patients expected to survive five years after diagnosis. The poor survival rate of HNSCC is partly attributable to the tendency for diagnosis at the late stage of the disease. One of the reasons for treatment failure is thought to be related to the presence of a subpopulation of cells within the tumour called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs display stem cell-like characteristics that impart resistance to conventional treatment modalities and promote tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis. Specific markers for this population have been investigated in the hope of developing a deeper understanding of their role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and elucidating novel therapeutic strategies.
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Oliveira-Costa JP, Oliveira LR, da Silveira GG, Soave DF, Soares FA, Ribeiro-Silva A. Topoisomerase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: relationship with cancer stem cells profiles and lymph node metastasis. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:762-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mannelli G, Gallo O. Cancer stem cells hypothesis and stem cells in head and neck cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 38:515-39. [PMID: 22197808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the growth and spread of cancer is driven by a small subpopulation of cancer cells, defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recent data indicate that the initiation, growth, recurrence and metastasis of cancers are related to the behavior of a small population of malignant cells with properties of stem cells, and information about them are potentially helpful in identifying the target for the tumor's therapeutic elimination. The presence of subpopulation cells with phenotypic and behavioral characteristics corresponding to both normal epithelial stem cells and to cells capable of initiating tumors has been also reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Mannelli
- First University Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Director Prof. Oreste Gallo, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Via Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
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