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Rusu D, Stratul SI, Calniceanu H, Boariu M, Ogodescu A, Milicescu S, Didilescu A, Roman A, Surlin P, Locovei C, Chiperi M, Solomon S, Nica L. A qualitative and semiquantitative SEM study of the morphology of the biofilm on root surfaces of human teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:201. [PMID: 33133249 PMCID: PMC7593830 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved to be invaluable for ultrastructural investigation, allowing imaging of the overall appearance and/or specific features of oral biofilms, e.g., microbial colonies and individual cells, glycocalyx, the presence of inorganic products. The aim of this study was the observation and evaluation of the morphology of the biofilm of endodontic-periodontal lesions (EPL) with a modified protocol involving a simplified histologic sample preparation and a low-vacuum SEM examination method. Twenty-one teeth with endodontic-periodontal involvement, extracted for periodontal reasons, were carefully washed with saline, underwent fixation in modified Karnovsky solution and were dehydrated in alcohol series. Samples were examined under low-vacuum SEM. Radicular surfaces were evaluated qualitatively and semiquantitatively for several characteristics, including the presence of bacterial types, the biofilm morphology and the content of root resorptions. Radicular surfaces were divided in four conventional zones Surfaces were evaluated for several characteristics: Presence of bacterial types, biofilm morphology, presence of root resorptions. High-quality images, relevant for endodontic-periodontal biofilms were collected. Continuous, established biofilm was found on all examined surfaces, its detection varying from 19% of the samples on the wall of cemental cone to 52.3% on the radicular surface of the periodontal pocket. Observed microorganisms included cocci, rods an filaments. Spirils and motile bacteria were only accidentally found. SEM investigation of surfaces involved in EPL revealed less surfaces covered by mature biofilm (in only 28.5% of the samples in the ‘transition zone’), especially rods and filaments associated with cemental resorptions and calculus. Biofilm elements were better represented in periodontal pockets than in other zones of EPL (detected in up to 81% of the samples). A strong correlation between mature biofilm and the presence of cocci appears on all investigated zones (P<0.01). Microbiota appeared to be morphologically similar in apical and periodontal areas, especially in old EPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Horia Calniceanu
- Department of Periodontology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ogodescu
- Department of Pedodontics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan Milicescu
- Department of Prosthodontics, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cosmin Locovei
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara 300006, Romania
| | | | - Sorina Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700020 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Nica
- Department of Endodontics, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Rotstein I. Interaction between endodontics and periodontics. Periodontol 2000 2017; 74:11-39. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Prevalence of Treponema Species Detected in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis. J Endod 2015; 41:579-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A new classification of endodontic-periodontal lesions. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:919173. [PMID: 24829580 PMCID: PMC4009301 DOI: 10.1155/2014/919173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has always aroused confusion, queries, and controversy. Differentiating between a periodontal and an endodontic problem can be difficult. A symptomatic tooth may have pain of periodontal and/or pulpal origin. The nature of that pain is often the first clue in determining the etiology of such a problem. Radiographic and clinical evaluation can help clarify the nature of the problem. In some cases, the influence of pulpal pathology may cause the periodontal involvement and vice versa. The simultaneous existence of pulpal problems and inflammatory periodontal disease can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. An endo-perio lesion can have a varied pathogenesis which ranges from simple to relatively complex one. The differential diagnosis of endodontic and periodontal diseases can sometimes be difficult, but it is of vital importance to make a correct diagnosis for providing the appropriate treatment. This paper aims to discuss a modified clinical classification to be considered for accurately diagnosing and treating endo-perio lesion.
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ROTSTEIN ILAN, SIMON JAMESH. The endo-perio lesion: a critical appraisal of the disease condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2006.00211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Olsen I, Dahlen G. Salient virulence factors in anaerobic bacteria, with emphasis on their importance in endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2004.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Apical periodontitis is a sequel to endodontic infection and manifests itself as the host defense response to microbial challenge emanating from the root canal system. It is viewed as a dynamic encounter between microbial factors and host defenses at the interface between infected radicular pulp and periodontal ligament that results in local inflammation, resorption of hard tissues, destruction of other periapical tissues, and eventual formation of various histopathological categories of apical periodontitis, commonly referred to as periapical lesions. The treatment of apical periodontitis, as a disease of root canal infection, consists of eradicating microbes or substantially reducing the microbial load from the root canal and preventing re-infection by orthograde root filling. The treatment has a remarkably high degree of success. Nevertheless, endodontic treatment can fail. Most failures occur when treatment procedures, mostly of a technical nature, have not reached a satisfactory standard for the control and elimination of infection. Even when the highest standards and the most careful procedures are followed, failures still occur. This is because there are root canal regions that cannot be cleaned and obturated with existing equipments, materials, and techniques, and thus, infection can persist. In very rare cases, there are also factors located within the inflamed periapical tissue that can interfere with post-treatment healing of the lesion. The data on the biological causes of endodontic failures are recent and scattered in various journals. This communication is meant to provide a comprehensive overview of the etio-pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of failed endodontic treatments that can be visualized in radiographs as asymptomatic post-treatment periapical radiolucencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N R Nair
- Institute of Oral Biology, Section of Oral Structures and Development, Center of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8028 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Rotstein I, Simon JHS. Diagnosis, prognosis and decision-making in the treatment of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. Periodontol 2000 2004; 34:165-203. [PMID: 14717862 DOI: 10.1046/j.0906-6713.2003.003431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Rotstein
- Continuing Oral Health Professional Education, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of spirochetes in asymptomatic infected root canals and in endodontic abscesses/cellulitis. Aseptic clinical samples were collected using paper points from 54 infected root canals and from aspirates of 84 abscesses/cellulitis. Oligonucleotide primers were produced for PCR identification of Treponema vincentii, T. pectinovorum, T. medium, T. amylovorum, T. denticola, T. maltophilum, and T. socranskii. PCR detected spirochetes in 51 of 84 (60.7%) samples from abscesses/cellulitis and in 20 of 54 (37.0%) samples from asymptomatic infected root canals. T. socranskii was the most frequently detected (44.9%), followed by T. maltophilum (29.7%), T. denticola (28.9%), T. pectinovorum (13.7%), and T. vincentii (5.1%). The number of treponema species detected ranged from 1 to 5 species per sample. The mean numbers of species detected were 2.3 in abscesses/cellulitis and 2.6 in infected root canals. Significant association among species was found between T. maltophilum and T. socranskii, as well as between T. maltophilum and T. denticola by determining the odds ratio (> 2.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Craig Baumgartner
- Department of Endodontology, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Portland 97239, USA
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Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Life as an endodontic pathogen. Ecological differences between the untreated and root-filled root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2003.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. PCR-based identification of Treponema maltophilum, T amylovorum, T medium, and T lecithinolyticum in primary root canal infections. Arch Oral Biol 2003; 48:495-502. [PMID: 12798152 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular genetic methods have significantly contributed to the knowledge about the microbiota associated with infected root canals. Albeit spirochetes have been commonly observed in primary root canal infections, only recently they have been identified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of four treponemes-Treponema maltophilum, Treponema lecithinolyticum, Treponema amylovorum, and Treponema medium-in cases of primary endodontic infections associated with different forms of periradicular diseases through a 16S rDNA-based nested PCR assay. DESIGN Samples were taken from thirty-one infected root canals associated with either asymptomatic or symptomatic apical periodontitis. DNA extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16S rDNA primers, followed by a second round of amplification using the first PCR products to detect a specific fragment of the 16S rDNA of each target Treponema species. RESULTS All cases were positive for the universal bacterial primers, indicating that samples contained bacterial DNA. Of the four target species, T. maltophilum was the most prevalent, being detected in 39% of the cases (33% of the asymptomatic cases and 50% of the symptomatic cases). T. lecithinolyticum was the next more prevalent among the species tested, being found in 26% of the samples (33% of asymptomatic cases and 10% of the symptomatic cases). T. amylovorum was found in 7% of the cases (5% of the asymptomatic cases and 10% of the symptomatic cases), while T. medium was in 13% of the cases (14% of the asymptomatic cases and 10% of the symptomatic cases). None of the species tested was significantly associated with clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This was possibly the hitherto first study to report the occurrence of T. lecithinolyticum, T. amylovorum, and T. medium in infections of endodontic origin. Overall, findings suggested that these oral treponemes, particularly T. maltophilum and T. lecithinolyticum, can be involved in the pathogenesis of periradicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20261, Brazil.
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Abstract
Spirochetes have been frequently observed in root canal infections, but they were rarely identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Treponema socranskii in primary endodontic infections using a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Samples were collected from 60 teeth having carious lesions, necrotic pulps, and different forms of periradicular diseases. DNA extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16S rDNA primers. A second round of amplification used the first polymerase chain reaction products to detect a specific fragment of T. socranskii 16S rDNA. T. socranskii was detected in 11 of 28 asymptomatic cases (39.3%), five of 12 root canals associated with acute apical periodontitis (41.7%), and five of 20 cases diagnosed as acute periradicular abscesses (25%). There was no relationship between the presence of T. socranskii and the occurrence of symptoms. In general, this spirochete was detected in 21 of 60 samples of endodontic infections (35%). Findings suggest that T. socranskii can be involved in the pathogenesis of different forms of periradicular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Andrade AFB, Uzeda M. Oral treponemes in primary root canal infections as detected by nested PCR. Int Endod J 2003; 36:20-6. [PMID: 12656510 DOI: 10.1046/j.0143-2885.2003.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalences of four Treponema species in primary root canal infections using a nested PCR assay. METHODOLOGY Samples were obtained from 32 infected root canals. Twenty-two cases showed chronic asymptomatic periradicular lesions and 10 symptomatic cases were diagnosed as acute apical periodontitis. DNA extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16S rDNA primers. A second round of amplification used the first PCR products to detect a specific fragment of the 16S rDNA of each Treponema denticola, T. socranskii, T. vincentii and T. pectinovorum. RESULTS Bacteria were present in all cases sampled. T. denticola was detected in 77.3% of the asymptomatic cases, T. socranskii in 40.9%, T. vincentii in 18.2% and T. pectinovorum in 13.6%. In the cases diagnosed as acute apical periodontitis, T. denticola was detected in 80%, whilst T. socranskii and T. vincentii were detected in 40% and 10% of cases, respectively. No symptomatic case yielded T. pectinovorum. In general, nested PCR detected T. denticola in 78.1% of the cases, T. socranskii in 40.6%, T. vincentii in 15.6% and T. pectinovorum in 9.4%. At least one of the four Treponema species was found in 84.4% of the cases examined. CONCLUSIONS The species T. denticola was detected in a large number of the cases examined: the prevalence of T. socranskii was also relatively high. The species T. vincentii and T. pectinovorum were also found, but in a smaller number of cases. Based on these data, the recognized pathogenicity of these microorganisms and their involvement with other oral diseases, they should be included in the restricted set of putative endodontic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
The periapical microbiota of 36 teeth with refractory apical periodontitis was investigated. None of the teeth had responded to conventional endodontic or long-term (> 6 months), calcium-hydroxide treatment. Eight patients had received antibiotics systemically. After anaerobic culture, a total of 148 microbial strains were detected among 67 microbial species. One of the 36 lesions was culture-negative. Approximately half (51.0%) of the bacterial strains were anaerobic. Gram-positive species constituted 79.5% of the flora. Facultative organisms, such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, or Candida species were recovered from 27 of the lesions (75%). Sulfur granules were found in 9 lesions (25%). In these granules Actinomyces israelii, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, and A. meyeri were identified. Other bacterial species, both gram-positive and gram-negative, were detected in the granules as well. Two sulfur granules did not contain Actinomyces. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated rod- and spirochete-like cells in the granules, and transmission electron microscopy revealed organisms with copious amounts of extracellular material. Outer membrane vesicles were also seen. Some of the granules were calcified. This study demonstrated a wide variety of microorganisms, particularly gram-positive ones, in the periapical lesions of teeth with refractory apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics and Institute of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
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Jung IY, Choi B, Kum KY, Yoo YJ, Yoon TC, Lee SJ, Lee CY. Identification of oral spirochetes at the species level and their association with other bacteria in endodontic infections. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 92:329-34. [PMID: 11552154 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent molecular approaches have revealed that fastidious organisms such as Bacteroides forsythus and oral treponemes were frequently found in root canals with apical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to identify the isolates of oral spirochetes at the species level in endodontic infections and to determine their association with B forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. STUDY DESIGN Seventy-nine teeth with apical periodontitis were selected for this study. After sampling from the root canals aseptically, polymerase chain reaction amplification for the 16S rRNA gene was performed with eubacterial universal primers. Subsequently, dot-blot hybridization was performed with 8 species-specific oligonucleotide probes. The microbial associations were analyzed by using the odds ratio. RESULTS The most frequently found species was P gingivalis (27.4%), followed by Treponema maltophilum (26%), B forsythus (16.4%), and Treponema socranskii (2.7%). Other treponemes, including Treponema denticola, were not detected in our samples. Significant microbial associations were identified between T maltophilum, B forsythus, and P gingivalis by performing analysis with the odds ratio. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that T maltophilum should be included in etiologic studies of endodontic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Favieri A, Oliveira JC, Santos KR. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Treponema denticola in endodontic infections within root canals. Int Endod J 2001; 34:280-4. [PMID: 11482139 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM A 16S rDNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the occurrence of Treponema denticola in root canals. METHODOLOGY Samples were collected from 54 single-rooted teeth having carious lesions and necrotic pulps. DNA extracted from the samples was amplified using the PCR assay, which yielded a specific fragment of T. denticola 16S rDNA. RESULTS T. denticola was detected in 10 of 29 asymptomatic cases (34.5%), eight of 15 root canals that were tender to percussion (53.3%), and five of 10 teeth with acute periradicular abscess (50%). In general, T. denticola was found in 23 of 54 cases (42.6%). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that T. denticola can be involved in the pathogenesis of periradicular lesions of endodontic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN, Favieri A, Santos KR. Detection of Treponema denticola in endodontic infections by 16S rRNA gene-directed polymerase chain reaction. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 15:335-7. [PMID: 11154427 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 16S rDNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the occurrence of Treponema denticola in root canal infections. Samples were collected from 21 single-root teeth having carious lesions, necrotic pulps and radiographic evidences of periradicular bone loss. DNA extracted from the samples was amplified using the PCR assay, which yielded specific fragment of T. denticola 16S rDNA. T. denticola was detected in 11 of 21 cases (52.4%), regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Since this spirochete was found in a relatively high percentage of the endodontic infections examined and because it is a pathogenic microorganism involved in periodontal diseases, there are reasons to believe that T. denticola can also participate in the pathogenesis of periradicular lesions of endodontic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Lesions of the periodontal ligament and adjacent alveolar bone may originate from infections of the periodontium or tissues of the dental pulp. This review focuses on the relationship of lesions of endodontic origin with lesions of periodontal origin and their classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Meng
- Beijing Medical University, School of Stomatology, China.
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Sato T, Kuramitsu HK. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction for rapid identification of cultivable oral treponemes. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1999; 14:117-21. [PMID: 10219171 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.1999.140207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although oral treponemes are among the most frequently found bacteria in periodontal pockets, identification of these organisms can be difficult. In this study, restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rRNA gene PCR-RFLP) was used to generate restriction profiles of reference strains of oral treponemes including Treponema denticola, Treponema socranskii, Treponema vincentii. Treponema pectinovorum and Treponema medium as well as for Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pailidum and five treponeme strains isolated from human peridontal pockets. Before RFLP analysis, the 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from the GenBank database, and the analysis of the theoretical banding patterns for HpaII suggested good species discrimination. 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified from isolated genomic DNA samples by PCR with spirochete-specific primers. The PCR products were then purified and characterized by single digestion with restriction endonuclease HpaII, and this allowed discrimination between the respective reference strains. Five clinical isolates, four T. denticola and one T. socranskii, were assigned on the basic of their restriction profiles by digestion with HpaII. 16S rRNA gene PCR-RFLP using HpaII is a rapid and reliable method for differentiation of cultivable oral treponemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214-3092, USA
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Dahle UR, Tronstad L, Olsen I. 3-hydroxy fatty acids in a lipopolysaccharide-like material from Treponema denticola strain FM. ENDODONTICS & DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY 1996; 12:202-5. [PMID: 9028185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1996.tb00515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Treponemes are associated with major oral diseases such as apical and marginal periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is regarded as an important virulence factor in these diseases. It is unclear whether LPS is present in oral treponemes. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine if a common oral treponeme-Treponema denticola-possesses LPS. A modified Westphal method (phenol water-ethanol-hexane extraction) was used to extract LPS-like material from T. denticola, reference strain FM. It was cultivated in prereduced anaerobically sterilized pectin medium. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the extract detected three hydroxy fatty acids: C3-OH-i-13:0, C3-OH-i-15:0, and C3-OH-16:0 which constituted 12% of its fatty acid content. These acids, commonly regarded as markers of LPS, suggested the presence of LPS in T. denticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Dahle
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
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