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El-Bialy T, Aizenbud D, Sadeghi H, Scott P, Aizenbud I. Cloning, purification and characterization of human dentine matrix protein 1(DMP1). Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:553-558. [PMID: 37520603 PMCID: PMC10373089 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human teeth are composed mainly of dentin, formed by the odontoblasts. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is one of odontoblast differentiation's most important growth factors. Human DMP1 has yet to be completely identified or studied. This study aimed to clone and characterize human DMP1. Materials and methods The DMP1 gene sequence was prepared and cloned by transfection of human 293 cells. Results The recombinant DMP1 was purified and characterized. Conclusion The results suggested its future use in dental tissue regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Bialy
- Division Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dror Aizenbud
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Center and Technion Haifa, Israel
| | - Hamid Sadeghi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Paul Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Canada
| | - Itay Aizenbud
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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2
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Ohkura N, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Edanami N, Ohshima H, Takenaka S, Noiri Y. SVCT2-GLUT1-mediated ascorbic acid transport pathway in rat dental pulp and its effects during wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1251. [PMID: 36690706 PMCID: PMC9870884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA; vitamin C) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis and secretion of collagen to produce the organic matrix of hard tissues. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism by which AA induces reparative dentinogenesis is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the pathway and function of AA during wound healing in a rat pulpotomy model. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter (SVCT) 2 and glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 were detected in odontoblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve fibers in normal pulp tissues. SVCT2 and GLUT1 were also expressed in odontoblast-like cells in pulpotomized tissues of Wistar rats, and immunopositive cells of SVCT2 were significantly increased at 5 days after pulpotomy (p < 0.05). By contrast, osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats, which cannot generate AA, also expressed SVCT2 and GLUT1 in normal and wound healing conditions. However, in ODS rats, when compared with the AA-addition group, the formation of dentin bridges in the AA-loss group was not evident, a layer of osteopontin was significantly increased beneath the wound surface (p < 0.05), and alpha smooth muscle actin at the odontoblast-like cells observed along this layer was significantly increased (p < 0.05), but not Nestin. Moreover, the amounts of type 1 collagen generated in the reparative dentin and beneath the wound healing site were significantly diminished (p < 0.05). Macrophages expressing CD68 and CD206 increased beneath the wound site. Hence, AA may be involved in odontoblast-like cell differentiation and anti-inflammatory response during dental pulp wound healing. Our results provide new insights into the function of AA through SVCT2 and GLUT1 in reparative dentinogenesis and may help in developing new therapeutic targets for dental pulpal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Characterization of SIBLING Proteins in the Mineralized Tissues. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080144. [PMID: 36005242 PMCID: PMC9406783 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SIBLING proteins are a family of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) previously thought to be expressed only in dentin but have been demonstrated in other mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. They are believed to play vital roles in both osteogenesis and dentinogenesis. Since they are tightly regulated lifelong processes and involve a peak of mineralization, three different age groups were investigated. Fifteen wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized at ages 1, 3, and 6 months. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) was performed to localize various microscopic structures in the mice mandibles and tibias. The immunostaining pattern was compared using antibodies for dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN). Immunostaining of DSP in tibia showed its most noticeable staining in the 3-month age group. DSP was expressed in alveolar bone, cellular cementum, and PDL. A similar expression of DMP1 was seen in the tibia and dentin. BSP was most noticeably detected in the tibia and acellular cementum. OPN was mainly expressed in the bone. A lower level of OPN was observed at all age groups in the teeth. The immunostaining intensity was the least detected for all proteins in the 6-month tibia sample. The expression patterns of the four SIBLING proteins showed variations in their staining intensity and temporospatial patterning concordant with skeletal and dental maturity. These findings suggest some role in this tightly regulated mineralization process.
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Nikoloudaki G. Functions of Matricellular Proteins in Dental Tissues and Their Emerging Roles in Orofacial Tissue Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126626. [PMID: 34205668 PMCID: PMC8235165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are defined as extracellular matrix (ECM) associated proteins that are important regulators and integrators of microenvironmental signals, contributing to the dynamic nature of ECM signalling. There is a growing understanding of the role of matricellular proteins in cellular processes governing tissue development as well as in disease pathogenesis. In this review, the expression and functions of different MP family members (periostin, CCNs, TSPs, SIBLINGs and others) are presented, specifically in relation to craniofacial development and the maintenance of orofacial tissues, including bone, gingiva, oral mucosa, palate and the dental pulp. As will be discussed, each MP family member has been shown to have non-redundant roles in development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, pathology and tumorigenesis of orofacial and dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Schulich Dentistry Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 81102)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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5
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de Oliveira VT, Ferrara-Jr JI, Matielo HA, da Silva Alves A, Britto LR, Aranha ACC, Dale CS. Involvement of substance P, osteopontin and satellite glial cells on photobiomodulation-induced antinociceptive effect in an experimental model of dentin hypersensitivity. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1297-1305. [PMID: 33452567 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the involvement of substance P (SP), osteopontin (OPN), and satellite glial cells (SGC) on photobiomodulation-induced (PBM) antinociceptive effect in an experimental model of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Rats ingested isotonic drink (ID, pH 2.87) for 45 consecutive days and after this period received PBM irradiation at λ660 nm or λ808 nm (1 J, 3.5 J/cm2, 100 mW, 10 s, 0.028 cm2, continuous wave, 3 consecutive daily sessions), and were evaluated for nociceptive behavior 24, 48, 72 h, and 14 days after laser treatments. ID ingestion induced an increase on thermal sensitivity of DH characteristics in rats that was completely reversed by PBM treatment at both 660 and 808 nm. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased SP expression at both dentin-pulp complex (DPC) and trigeminal ganglia (TG) of DH-rats which did not occur in PBM groups by PBM treatment. Also, the increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) observed in the TG of DH-rats was also reversed by PBM treatment. Finally, PBM at both 660 and 808 nm increased OPN expression in the dentin-pulp complex of DH-rats after 14 days of PBM treatment. All in all, this data demonstrates that PBM reverses nociception in a DH experimental model by inhibiting neurogenic inflammation and inducing a regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victhor Teixeira de Oliveira
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João Ignácio Ferrara-Jr
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Alonso Matielo
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adilson da Silva Alves
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 1524, ICB I, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 1524, ICB I, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia Corrêa Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Squarzoni Dale
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Vijaykumar A, Dyrkacz P, Vidovic-Zdrilic I, Maye P, Mina M. Expression of BSP-GFPtpz Transgene during Osteogenesis and Reparative Dentinogenesis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:89-97. [PMID: 31682548 PMCID: PMC6927219 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519885089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a member of the SIBLING family with essential roles in skeletogenesis. In the developing teeth, although the expression and function of BSP in the formation of acellular cementum and periodontal attachment are well documented, there are uncertainties regarding the expression and function of BSP by odontoblasts and dentin. Reporter mice are valuable animal models for biological research, providing a gene expression readout that can contribute to cellular characterization within the context of a developmental process. In the present study, we examined the expression of a BSP-GFPtpz reporter mouse line during odontoblast differentiation, reparative dentinogenesis, and bone. In the developing teeth, BSP-GFPtpz was expressed at high levels in cementoblasts but not in odontoblasts or dentin. In bones, the transgene was highly expressed in osteoblasts at an early stage of differentiation. Interestingly, despite its lack of expression in odontoblasts and dental pulp during tooth development, the BSP-GFPtpz transgene was detected during in vitro mineralization of primary pulp cultures and during reparative dentinogenesis following pulp exposures. Importantly, under these experimental contexts, the expression of BSP-GFPtpz was still exclusive to DSPP-Cerulean, an odontoblast-specific reporter gene. This suggests that the combinatorial use of BSP-GFPtpz and DSPP-Cerulean can be a valuable experimental tool to distinguish osteogenic from dentinogenic cells, thereby providing an avenue to investigate mechanisms that distinctly regulate the lineage progression of progenitors into odontoblasts versus osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - P. Dyrkacz
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I. Vidovic-Zdrilic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - P. Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M. Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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Saito K, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H. Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Compensates for Lack of Osteopontin in Regulating Odontoblastlike Cell Differentiation after Tooth Injury in Mice. J Endod 2019; 46:89-96. [PMID: 31740066 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin (OPN) act as substrates and signaling molecules for odontoblastlike cell differentiation after tooth injury, the mutual interaction between these proteins in the mechanism of odontoblastlike cell differentiation remains to be clarified. This study aimed to elucidate the role of DMP1 and OPN in regulating odontoblastlike cell differentiation after tooth injury. METHODS A groove-shaped cavity was prepared on the mesial surface of the upper first molars in wild-type and Opn knockout (KO) mice. The demineralized paraffin sections were processed for immunohistochemistry for nestin and DMP1 and in situ hybridization for Dmp1. For the in vitro assay, the experiments of organ culture for evaluating dentin-pulp complex regeneration using small interfering RNA treatment were performed. RESULTS Once preexisting odontoblasts died, nestin-positive newly differentiated odontoblastlike cells were arranged along the pulp-dentin border and began to express DMP1/Dmp1. In Opn KO mice, the expression of DMP1/Dmp1 was up-regulated compared with that of wild-type mice. The in vitro assay showed that the gene suppression of Dmp1 by small interfering RNA showed a tendency to decrease the differentiation rate of odontoblastlike cells from 70.1% to 52.2% in wild-type teeth. In addition, the suppression of Dmp1 in Opn KO teeth tended to lead to the inhibition of odontoblastlike cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the expression of Dmp1 is up-regulated in Opn KO mice both in vivo and in vitro, and DMP1 compensates for the lack of OPN in regulating odontoblastlike cell differentiation after tooth injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Saito
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Morphological features of tooth development and replacement in the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104576. [PMID: 31593891 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental development mechanisms in mammals are highly studied using the mouse as a biological model. However, the mouse has a single, unreplaced, set of teeth. Features of mammalian tooth replacement are thus poorly known. In this paper, we study mammalian tooth development and replacement using the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, as a new model. Using 3D-reconstructions associated with histological sections, we obtained the complete description of the histo-morphological chronology of dental development and replacement in rabbit. We also describe in the dentin the presence of holes opening the pulp cavity in newborns. These holes are quickly repaired with a new and fast apposition of dentin from the pre-existing odontoblasts. The detailed dental morphogenesis chronology presented allows us to propose the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus as a suitable model to study mammalian tooth replacement.
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Wu J, Wang Q, Han Q, Zhu H, Li M, Fang Y, Wang X. Effects of Nel-like molecule-1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 combination on rat pulp repair. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:253-261. [PMID: 30937700 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nel-like molecule-1 (NELL-1) is a novel highly specific growth factor that can induce osteoblast differentiation and bone formation as well as odontoblast differentiation. Recent studies have suggested that NELL-1 can synergistically increase bone formation and regeneration with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and inhibit adverse effects induced by BMP2. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of NELL-1 and BMP2 on rat pulp repair. The experiment used healthy non-carious maxillary first molars from 60 Wistar rats. Exposed pulps were capped with NELL-1 plus BMP2, NELL-1 alone, and BMP2 alone, and each was absorbed onto a sterile collagen sponge. In the control samples, the collagen sponge alone and Dycal were used as capping agents. After l, 2 and 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. The formation of reparative dentin, as well the situation of pulp repair, was detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; moreover, the expression of dentin specific protein-dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL6) and interleukin-8 (IL8) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative real-time PCR experiment was used to investigate the mRNA levels of IL6 and IL8. The results showed that pulp capping with NELL-1 plus BMP2 in rats had superior ability in inducing reparative dentin formation with dentin tubules and in reducing the inflammatory cell response compared with the other groups. These findings suggested that combined use of NELL-1 and BMP2 could positively regulate pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongfan Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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10
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Queiroz AF, Hidalgo MM, Consolaro A, Panzarini SR, França AB, Pires WR, Poi WR. Calcific metamorphosis of pulp after extrusive luxation. Dent Traumatol 2018; 35:87-94. [PMID: 30480872 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The literature on the pathogenesis of extrusive dental luxation has been focused on periodontal tissue responses, with little attention given to the pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of dental pulp of teeth following extrusive luxation in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The maxillary right central incisors of 30 rats were extrusively luxated and repositioned after 5 minutes. The animals were euthanized after 7, 15, and 30 days to provide three groups: I, II, and III, respectively (n = 10). Histological sections were stained with H and E for histomorphometric analysis of the odontoblast layer, reparative dentin deposition, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, pulp necrosis, and periapical inflammatory infiltrate. RESULTS In most cases, new vascular formation occured in association with reparative dentin deposition on the root walls and within the pulp. In some cases, dentin deposition occupied the entire pulp space over time, with no other types of non-odontogenic hard tissues being observed. Pulp necrosis with the presence of periapical inflammatory infiltrate was also observed in a few cases. No statistical differences were observed among the studied groups. CONCLUSIONS Following extrusive luxation, calcific metamorphosis of the pulp is very likely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco Queiroz
- Dentistry Department, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.,Surgery and Integrated Clinics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Consolaro
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sônia Regina Panzarini
- Surgery and Integrated Clinics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alline Batistussi França
- Surgery and Integrated Clinics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,Dentistry Department, Centro Universitário de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Willian Ricardo Pires
- Surgery and Integrated Clinics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Roberto Poi
- Surgery and Integrated Clinics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Melling GE, Colombo JS, Avery SJ, Ayre WN, Evans SL, Waddington RJ, Sloan AJ. Liposomal Delivery of Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Dental Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1057-1065. [PMID: 29316874 PMCID: PMC6033301 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Current dental restorations have short longevity, and consequently, there is a need for novel tissue engineering strategies that aim to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex. Dentin matrix contains a myriad of bioactive growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins associated with the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of dental pulp progenitor cells. In this study, we show that demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), from noncarious dentine, can be encapsulated into liposomes for delivery to dental tissue to promote regeneration. Liposomes were formulated to encapsulate 0-100 μg/mL DDM, lysed with Triton X, and used in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify release. The encapsulation efficiencies were calculated to be 25.9% and 28.8% (VEGF/TGF-β1) for 50 μg/mL DDM liposomes and 39% and 146.7% (VEGF/TGF-β1) for 100 μg/mL DDM liposomes. All liposome formulations had no cytotoxic effects on a dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) clone, as shown by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltertrazolium bromide), Caspase 3/7 assays, and cell counts. The ability of the liposomes to stimulate DPSC chemotactic recruitment was tested by Boyden chamber chemotaxis assays. Unloaded liposomes alone stimulated significant progenitor cell recruitment, while DDM-loaded liposomes further promoted chemotactic recruitment in a dose-dependent manner. DDM liposomes promoted the upregulation of "osteodentin" markers osteocalcin and RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) in DPSCs after 9 days of treatment, determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, Alizarin Red S staining showed that unloaded liposomes alone induced biomineralization of DPSCs, and DDM liposomes further increased the amount of mineralization observed. DDM liposomes were more effective than free DDM (10 μg/mL) at activating recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of DPSC, which are key events in the endogenous repair of the dentin-pulp complex. The study has highlighted the therapeutic potential of bioactive DDM liposomes in activating dental tissue repair in vitro, suggesting that liposomal delivery from biomaterials could be a valuable tool for reparative dentistry and hard-tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. Melling
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Colombo
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven J. Avery
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Nishio Ayre
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel L. Evans
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J. Waddington
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. Sloan
- Department of Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair (CITER), Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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A Novel Fragment Derived from Laminin-411 Facilitates Proliferation and Differentiation of Odontoblast-Like Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9465383. [PMID: 29854812 PMCID: PMC5966700 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9465383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim for the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of iMatrix-411 in odontoblast-like cells. To that end, iMatrix-411 was coated to both nontissue culture treated- (Non-PS) and tissue culture treated-polystyrene (TCPS) multiwells. MDPC-23 cells were seeded into noncoated (control) or coated wells. Optimal coating density and cell proliferation were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) at day two, day three, and day five. Osteo/odontogenic differentiation was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at days seven and eight, respectively. Calcific deposition of cells was visualized by alizarin red staining. Data were analyzed with post hoc Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05). Optimal coating density for iMatrix-411 was 8 μg/cm2. Exposure of MDPC-23 cells to iMatrix-411 in either non-PS or TCPS significantly enhanced proliferative activity. iMatrix-411 elevated ALP activity in both types of culture plates. iMatrix-411 significantly increased the mRNA level of OCN, BSP, OPN, ALP, and DMP-1. Meanwhile, it enhanced the expression of several integrin subunits: ITGA1, ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1, and ITGB5. Finally, iMatrix-411 also accelerated the mineralization at day eight in Non-PS. The results indicated iMatrix-411 stimulates proliferation and favours differentiation of odontoblast-like cells.
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da Rosa WLO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy. Int Endod J 2018; 51:829-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. O. da Rosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - E. Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - A. F. da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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Saito K, Nakatomi M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshima H. Osteopontin Is Essential for Type I Collagen Secretion in Reparative Dentin. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1034-41. [PMID: 27126446 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516645333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein that is a prominent component of the mineralized extracellular matrix of bone. The secretion of OPN by immunocompetent cells plays a role in the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells during pulpal healing following tooth transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the role of OPN during reparative dentinogenesis. A groove-shaped cavity was prepared on the mesial surface of the upper first molars of wild-type (WT) and Opn knockout (KO) mice, and the samples were collected at intervals of 1 to 14 d. The demineralized sections were processed for immunohistochemistry for Ki67, nestin, OPN, dentin sialoprotein (DSP), integrin αvβ3, and type I collagen; in situ hybridization for Opn, col1a1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp); and apoptosis assay. For the loss and gain of function experiments, an in vitro culture assay for evaluating dentin-pulp complex regeneration was performed. On day 1 in WT mice, odontoblasts beneath the affected dentin lost nestin immunoreactivity. On day 3, the expression of Opn was recognized at the mesial dental pulp, and OPN was deposited along the predentin-dentin border. Nestin-positive newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells expressed both Dspp and col1a1 and showed positive immunoreactivity for integrin αvβ3, DSP, and type I collagen. Until day 14, reparative dentin formation continued next to the preexisting dentin at the mesial coronal pulp. In contrast, there was no reparative dentin in the Opn KO mice where nestin- and DSP-positive newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells lacked immunoreaction for type I collagen. The in vitro organ culture demonstrated that the administration of recombinant OPN rescued the type I collagen secretion by odontoblast-like cells in the Opn KO mice. The results suggested that the deposition of OPN at the calcification front is essential for the type I collagen secretion by newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells to form reparative dentin during pulpal healing following cavity preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saito
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - H Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Mahdee A, Alhelal A, Eastham J, Whitworth J, Gillespie J. Complex cellular responses to tooth wear in rodent molar. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang J, Liu X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Shi C, Ni S, Liu Q, Li X, Sun Y, Zheng C, Sun H. Effects of human vascular endothelial growth factor on reparative dentin formation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:705-12. [PMID: 26647730 PMCID: PMC4686068 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenge for dentists to save dental pulp in patients with pulp disease without resorting to root canal therapy. Formation of tertiary dentin to maintain pulp vitality is a key odontoblast response to dental pulp injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic and vasculogenic factor involved in tertiary dentin formation. It was hypothesized that VEGF may be used to treat pulp diseases such as pulpitis. To explore this hypothesis, the first step was to assess whether VEGF affects dental pulp cells to promote reparative dentin formation. In the current study, an AdCMV-hVEGF vector was constructed to deliver hVEGF into dental pulp cells of exfoliated deciduous teeth (hDPCs) in vitro and dental pulp cells in a rat model in vivo. The collected data clearly demonstrated that hVEGF increased alkaline phosphatase and mineralization by enzymatic activity. RT-qPCR data demonstrated that hVEGF significantly increased the expression levels of genes commonly involved in osteogenesis/odontogenesis. Data from the in vivo assays indicated that hVEGF enhanced pulp cell proliferation and neovascularization, and markedly increased formation of reparative dentin in dental pulp. The in vitro and in vivo data suggest that hVEGF may have potential clinical applications, thus may aid in the development of novel treatment strategies for dental pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weixian Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ce Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qilin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongchen Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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de Lima CL, Coelho MS, Royer C, Resende AP, Borges GA, Rodrigues da Silva J, Amato AA, Guerra E, Neves FDAR, Acevedo AC. Rosiglitazone Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Osteopontin Gene Expression in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1486-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shigetani Y, Yoshiba K, Kuratate M, Takei E, Yoshiba N, Yamanaka Y, Ohshima H, Okiji T. Temporospatial localization of dentine matrix protein 1 following direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in rat molars. Int Endod J 2014; 48:573-81. [PMID: 25074651 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the temporospatial expression of dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1; a noncollagenous protein involved in mineralized tissue formation), osteopontin (another noncollagenous protein detected during reparative dentinogenesis) and nestin (a marker of differentiating/differentiated odontoblasts), following direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in rat molars. METHODOLOGY The maxillary first molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats had their pulps exposed and capped with calcium hydroxide. The pulp-capped teeth were collected from 6 h to 14 days postoperatively and processed for immunohistochemistry for DMP1, osteopontin and nestin. Cell proliferation was monitored using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labelling. RESULTS The capped pulps initially exhibited superficial necrotic changes followed by the formation of new matrix and its mineralization. DMP1 immunoreactivity was observed in the matrix beneath the necrotic layer from 6 h onwards and present in the outer portion of the newly formed mineralized matrix from 7 days onwards. Osteopontin displayed a similar expression pattern, although it occupied a narrower area than DMP1 at 6 and 12 h. Nestin-immunoreactive cells appeared beneath the DMP1-immunoreactive area at 1 day, were distributed beneath the newly formed matrix at 5 days and exhibited odontoblast-like morphology by 14 days. BrdU-positive cells significantly increased at 2 and 3 days (P < 0.05) and then decreased. CONCLUSIONS The deposition of DMP1 at exposed pulp sites preceded the appearance of nestin-immunoreactive cells, active cell proliferation and new matrix formation after pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in rat molars, suggesting that DMP1 acts as a trigger of pulp repair. The colocalization of DMP1 and osteopontin suggests that these two proteins play complementary roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shigetani
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kuratate
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - E Takei
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Yamanaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Okiji
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Lin SX, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Yan K, Ward L, Lu YB, Feng JQ. Nucleus-targeted Dmp1 transgene fails to rescue dental defects in Dmp1 null mice. Int J Oral Sci 2014; 6:133-41. [PMID: 25105818 PMCID: PMC4170153 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is essential to odontogenesis. Its mutations in human subjects lead to dental problems such as dental deformities, hypomineralization and periodontal impairment. Primarily, DMP1 is considered as an extracellular matrix protein that promotes hydroxyapatite formation and activates intracellular signaling pathway via interacting with αvβ3 integrin. Recent in vitro studies suggested that DMP1 might also act as a transcription factor. In this study, we examined whether full-length DMP1 could function as a transcription factor in the nucleus and regulate odontogenesis in vivo. We first demonstrated that a patient with the DMP1 M1V mutation, which presumably causes a loss of the secretory DMP1 but does not affect the nuclear translocation of DMP1, shows a typical rachitic tooth defect. Furthermore, we generated transgenic mice expressing (NLS)DMP1, in which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) entry signal sequence of DMP1 was replaced by a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence, under the control of a 3.6 kb rat type I collagen promoter plus a 1.6 kb intron 1. We then crossbred the (NLS)DMP1 transgenic mice with Dmp1 null mice to express the (NLS)DMP1 in Dmp1-deficient genetic background. Although immunohistochemistry demonstrated that (NLS)DMP1 was localized in the nuclei of the preodontoblasts and odontoblasts, the histological, morphological and biochemical analyses showed that it failed to rescue the dental and periodontal defects as well as the delayed tooth eruption in Dmp1 null mice. These data suggest that the full-length DMP1 plays no apparent role in the nucleus during odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Lin
- 1] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, USA [2] The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, USA
| | - Kevin Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Leanne Ward
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yong-Bo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, USA
| | - Jian-Quan Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, USA
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Prasadam I, Zhou Y, Shi W, Crawford R, Xiao Y. Role of dentin matrix protein 1 in cartilage redifferentiation and osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:2280-7. [PMID: 24987156 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the possible involvement, relevance and significance of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in chondrocyte redifferentiation and OA. METHODS To examine the function of DMP1 in vitro, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) were isolated and differentiated in micromasses in the presence or absence of DMP1 small interfering RNA and analysed for chondrogenic phenotype. The association of DMP1 expression with OA progression was analysed time dependently in the OA menisectomy rat model and in grade-specific OA human samples. RESULTS It was found that DMP1 was strongly related to chondrogenesis, which was evidenced by the strong expression of DMP1 in the 14.5-day mouse embryonic cartilage development stage and in femoral heads of post-natal days 0 and 4. In vitro chondrogenesis in BMSCs and ACs was accompanied by a gradual increase in DMP1 expression at both the gene and protein levels. In addition, knockdown of DMP1 expression led to decreased chondrocyte marker genes, such as COL2A1, ACAN and SOX9, and an increase in the expression of COL10A and MMP13 in ACs. Moreover, treatment with IL-1β, a well-known catabolic culprit of proteoglycan matrix loss, significantly reduced the expression of DMP1. Furthermore, we also observed the suppression of DMP1 protein in a grade-specific manner in knee joint samples from patients with OA. In the menisectomy-induced OA model, an increase in the Mankin score was accompanied by the gradual loss of DMP1 expression. CONCLUSION Observations from this study suggest that DMP1 may play an important role in maintaining the chondrogenic phenotype and its possible involvement in altered cartilage matrix remodelling and degradation in disease conditions like OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Prasadam
- Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Orthopaedic Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Orthopaedic Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Orthopaedic Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Orthopaedic Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Orthopaedic Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Medical Device Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Orthopaedic Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Xie X, Ma S, Li C, Liu P, Wang H, Chen L, Qin C. Expression of Small Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) in the reparative dentin of rat molars. Dent Traumatol 2014; 30:285-95. [PMID: 24502800 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the expression and distribution of Small Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) in reparative dentin (RepD). METHODOLOGY Cavities on the mesial surfaces of rat molars were prepared to expose the pulp, and a calcium hydroxide agent was applied to cap the exposed pulp. The molars with pulp capping were extracted at postoperative 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The immunolocalization of four SIBLINGs, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin sialoprotein (DSP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) in RepD, was analyzed in comparison with reactionary dentin (ReaD) and primary dentin (PD). RESULTS At two weeks after operation, the region of the exposed pulp formed a layer of reparative dentin bridge sealing the communication between the cavity and pulp chamber. Dentinal tubules in RepD were more irregular in shape and fewer in number than PD. At postoperative 2 and 4 weeks, RepD had lower levels of DMP1 and DSP than PD. BSP and OPN were present in RepD, but not in PD. RepD showed certain similarities to ReaD in the expression of SIBLINGs. CONCLUSIONS The reduced levels of DMP1 and DSP may be associated with the decreased number of dentinal tubules in RepD. The expression of BSP and OPN in RepD indicates that the odontoblast-like cells were attempting to produce a hard tissue at a very rapid pace. These findings suggest that in response to the surgical injury, the newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells altered their synthesis of the dentinogenesis-related proteins and produced a hard tissue that is an intermediate between dentin and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Longjiang Scholar Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Endodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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MMP-13 expression in coronal and radicular dentin according to caries progression -a pilot study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wang X, Wang S, Lu Y, Gibson MP, Liu Y, Yuan B, Feng JQ, Qin C. FAM20C plays an essential role in the formation of murine teeth. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35934-42. [PMID: 22936805 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.386862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM20C is highly expressed in bone and tooth. Previously, we showed that Fam20C conditional knock-out (KO) mice manifest hypophosphatemic rickets, which highlights the crucial roles of this molecule in promoting bone formation and mediating phosphate homeostasis. In this study, we characterized the dentin, enamel, and cementum of Sox2-Cre-mediated Fam20C KO mice. The KO mice exhibited small malformed teeth, severe enamel defects, very thin dentin, less cementum than normal, and overall hypomineralization in the dental mineralized tissues. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed remarkable down-regulation of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein in odontoblasts, along with a sharply reduced expression of ameloblastin and amelotin in ameloblasts. Collectively, these data indicate that FAM20C is essential to the differentiation and mineralization of dental tissues through the regulation of molecules critical to the differentiation of tooth-formative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
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The Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Mineralization of Human Dental Apical Papilla Cells. J Endod 2012; 38:960-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yuan G, Yang G, Song G, Chen Z, Chen S. Immunohistochemical localization of the NH(2)-terminal and COOH-terminal fragments of dentin sialoprotein in mouse teeth. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:605-14. [PMID: 22581382 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a major non-collagenous protein in dentin. Mutation studies in human, along with gene knockout and transgenic experiments in mice, have confirmed the critical role of DSP for dentin formation. Our previous study reported that DSP is processed into fragments in mouse odontoblast-like cells. In order to gain insights into the function of DSP fragments, we further evaluated the expression pattern of DSP in the mouse odontoblast-like cells using immunohistochemistry and western blot assay with antibodies against the NH(2)-terminal and COOH-terminal regions of DSP. Then, the distribution profiles of the DSP NH(2)-terminal and COOH-terminal fragments and osteopontin (OPN) were investigated in mouse teeth at different ages by immunohistochemistry. In the odontoblast-like cells, multiple low molecular weight DSP fragments were detected, suggesting that part of the DSP protein was processed in the odontoblast-like cells. In mouse first lower molars, immunoreactions for anti-DSP-NH(2) antibody were intense in the predentin matrix but weak in mineralized dentin; in contrast, for anti-DSP-COOH antibody, strong immunoreactions were found in mineralized dentin, in particular dentinal tubules but weak in predentin. Therefore, DSP NH(2)-terminal and COOH-terminal fragments from odontoblasts were secreted to different parts of teeth, suggesting that they may play distinct roles in dentinogenesis. Meanwhile, both DSP antibodies showed weak staining in reactionary dentin (RD), whereas osteopontin (OPN) was clearly positive in RD. Therefore, DSP may be less crucial for RD formation than OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China 430079
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Sawada T, Ishikawa T, Shintani S, Yanagisawa T. Ultrastructural immunolocalization of dentin matrix protein 1 on Sharpey's fibers in monkey tooth cementum. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:360-5. [PMID: 22435407 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.671493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) in the formation of mineralized tissue, including dentinogenesis and osteogenesis, its precise role in cementogenesis remains to be clarified fully. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the ultrastructural immunolocalization of DMP1 in monkey molar tooth cementum. Japanese Macaca fuscata monkeys were fixed by perfusion. The upper molar teeth and accompanying periodontium then were dissected and demineralized with EDTA. Cryosections were obtained, incubated in anti-DMP1 polyclonal antibody, and processed by immunoperoxidase and immunogold labeling. Intense immunoperoxidase staining for DMP1 was observed in acellular extrinsic fiber cementum, particularly in Sharpey's fibers. Cementocyte lacunae with canaliculi showed DMP1 staining in the apical region of the tooth root. Electron immunomicroscopy revealed the close proximity of DMP1 to collagen fibrils in Sharpey's fibers at the mineralization front. Intense immunogold labeling was localized on the walls of the cementocyte lacunae in cellular cementum. These results should contribute to better understanding of the role of DMP1, not only in Sharpey's fiber biomineralization, but also in the maintenance of the cementocyte lacunar space in cementum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sawada
- Department of Ultrastructural Science, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
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Dentine as a bioactive extracellular matrix. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:109-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Quispe-Salcedo A, Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H. Expression patterns of nestin and dentin sialoprotein during dentinogenesis in mice. Biomed Res 2012; 33:119-32. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bardet C, Vincent C, Lajarille MC, Jaffredo T, Sire JY. OC-116, the chicken ortholog of mammalian MEPE found in eggshell, is also expressed in bone cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2011; 314:653-62. [PMID: 20665709 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In chicken, ovocleidin 116 (OC-116) is found in the eggshell matrix and its encoding gene, OC-116, is expressed in uterine cells. In mammals, its orthologue MEPE encodes the matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), which has been shown to be involved in bone mineralization. Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization on sections, we have checked whether OC-116 was also expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes during bone development and mineralization in chicken embryos. We monitored OC-116 expression in the tibia and mandible of a growth series of chicken embryos from E3 to E19. Transcripts were identified in the osteoblasts as early as E5 in the tibia and E7 in the mandible, before matrix mineralization, then from these stages onwards in both the osteoblasts lining the mineralized bone matrix and the osteocytes. Therefore, early in chicken ontogeny and as soon as osteogenesis begins, OC-116 is involved. Its function, which remains still unknown, is maintained during further bone growth and mineralization, and later in adult, in which it is recruited for eggshell formation. We hypothesize that the ancestral OC-116/MEPE in a stem amniote was involved in these two functions and that the loss of eggshell in the mammalian lineage has probably favored the recruitment of some MEPE domains toward new functions in osteogenesis and mineralization, and in phosphatemia regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bardet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Systématique-Adaptation-Evolution, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, Paris, France
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Li L, Zhu YQ, Jiang L, Peng W, Ritchie HH. Hypoxia promotes mineralization of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2011; 37:799-802. [PMID: 21787492 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp can be exposed to hypoxic conditions in case of trauma or inflammation. Dental pulp cells (DPCs) have mineralization potential, which plays a key role in pulp repair and reparative dentinogenesis process. Little information is available about DPC mineralization in hypoxic condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of hypoxia on DPC mineralization to pave the way for a better understanding of dental pulp regeneration and reparative dentin formation. METHODS Human DPCs were obtained by using tissue explant technique in vitro and cultured in normoxia (20% O(2)) or hypoxia (5% O(2)). Cell viability was investigated by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assay. Cell mineralization was assessed by von Kossa staining and alizarin red S staining. Important mineral genes such as osteocalcin (OCN), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1 (DMP-1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cell viability of DPCs increased more in hypoxia than in normoxia from day 3 to day 5. Von Kossa staining and alizarin red S staining showed DPCs in hypoxia had higher mineralization activity than in normoxia. Expression of mRNAs for OCN, DMP-1, BSP, and DSPP was greater in hypoxia than in normoxia. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that hypoxia promotes DPC mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Li
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Sun Y, Ma S, Zhou J, Yamoah AK, Feng JQ, Hinton RJ, Qin C. Distribution of small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) in the articular cartilage of the rat femoral head. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:1033-43. [PMID: 20679519 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.956771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family is closely related to osteogenesis. Until recently, little was known about their existence in articular cartilage. In this study, we systematically evaluated the presence and distribution of four SIBLING family members in rat femoral head cartilage: dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). First, non-collagenous proteins were extracted and then separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Next, the protein extracts eluted by chromatography were analyzed by Stains-all staining and Western immunoblotting. IHC was used to assess the distribution of these four SIBLING family members in the femoral head cartilage. Both approaches showed that all the four SIBLING family members are expressed in the femoral head cartilage. IHC showed that SIBLING members are distributed in various locations throughout the articular cartilage. The NH₂-terminal fragments of DMP1, BSP, and OPN are present in the cells and in the extracellular matrix, whereas the COOH-terminal fragment of DMP1 and the NH₂-terminal fragment of DSPP are primarily intracellularly localized in the chondrocytes. The presence of the SIBLING family members in the rat femoral head cartilage suggests that they may play important roles in chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Yanagita M, Kojima Y, Kawahara T, Kajikawa T, Oohara H, Takedachi M, Yamada S, Murakami S. Suppressive effects of nicotine on the cytodifferentiation of murine periodontal ligament cells. Oral Dis 2010; 16:812-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Inagaki Y, Yoshida K, Ohba H, Seto H, Kido JI, Haneji T, Nagata T. High glucose levels increase osteopontin production and pathologic calcification in rat dental pulp tissues. J Endod 2010; 36:1014-20. [PMID: 20478457 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulp stones are frequently formed as a pathologic calcification product in dental pulp tissues, but the pathogenesis is poorly understood. We previously found that osteopontin (OPN) was produced by dental pulp cells, and its expression was associated with formation of the pulp stone matrix. It was reported that amorphous calcification appeared in the dental pulp of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between OPN expression and pathologic calcification in rat diabetic pulp. METHODS The effect of glucose on OPN production and alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured rat dental pulp cells (RPC-C2A) was investigated, and then dental pulp calcification and OPN expression in diabetic rats were determined and compared with those in healthy rats by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS In RPC-C2A cells, biochemical analysis showed that a high concentration of glucose (50 mmol/L) increased OPN protein production and alkaline phosphatase activity 1.3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. Histologic observations showed more calcified particles in dental pulp tissues in diabetic than in nondiabetic rats. Moreover, a thickened layer of predentin was formed in the radicular pulp of diabetic rats. OPN was more strongly stained around the calcified particles and in the odontoblast zone under the thickened predentin in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS OPN might be a key molecule involved in the increase of pathologic pulp calcifications, which are frequently observed in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Inagaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Zhang B, Sun Y, Chen L, Guan C, Guo L, Qin C. Expression and distribution of SIBLING proteins in the predentin/dentin and mandible of hyp mice. Oral Dis 2010; 16:453-64. [PMID: 20233318 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and its murine homologue, Hyp are caused by inactivating mutations in PHEX gene. The protein encoded by PHEX gene is an endopeptidase whose physiological substrate(s) has not been identified. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), two members of the Small Integrin-Binding LIgand, N-linked Glycoprotein (SIBLING) family are proteolytically processed. It has been speculated that PHEX endopeptidase may be responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of DMP1 and DSPP. To test this hypothesis and to analyse the distribution of SIBLING proteins in the predentin/dentin complex and mandible of Hyp mice, we compared the expression of four SIBLING proteins, DMP1, DSPP, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) between Hyp and wild-type mice. METHODS These SIBLING proteins were analysed by protein chemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS (1) Dentin matrix protein 1 and DSPP fragments are present in the extracts of Hyp predentin/dentin and bone; (2) the level of DMP1 proteoglycan form, BSP and OPN is elevated in the Hyp bone. CONCLUSIONS The PHEX protein is not the enzyme responsible for the proteolytic processing of DMP1 and DSPP. The altered distribution of SIBLING proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of bone and dentin defects in Hyp and XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Sun Y, Gandhi V, Prasad M, Yu W, Wang X, Zhu Q, Feng JQ, Hinton RJ, Qin C. Distribution of small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) in the condylar cartilage of rat mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:272-81. [PMID: 20097540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Small Integrin-Binding LIgand, N-linked Glycoprotein (SIBLING) family is one category of non-collagenous proteins closely related to osteogenesis. In this study, the authors systematically evaluated the presence and distribution of four SIBLING family members, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), in rat mandibular condylar cartilage using protein chemistry and immunohistochemistry. For protein chemistry, SIBLING proteins in the dissected condylar cartilage were extracted with 4M guanidium-HCl, separated by ion-exchange chromatography, and analyzed by Western immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the distribution of these four SIBLING proteins in the condylar cartilage of 2-, 5- and 8-week-old rats. Results from both approaches showed that all four members are expressed in the condylar cartilage. DSPP, unlike that observed in dentin and bone, exists as a full-length form (uncleaved) in the condylar cartilage. The NH(2)-terminal fragment of DMP1 is mainly detected in the matrix of the cartilage while the COOH-terminal fragment is primarily localized in the nuclei of cells in the chondroblastic and hypertrophic layers. The data obtained in this investigation provide clues about the potential roles of these SIBLING proteins in chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A & M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Yanagita M, Kashiwagi Y, Kobayashi R, Tomoeda M, Shimabukuro Y, Murakami S. Nicotine Inhibits Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2008; 34:1061-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen S, Chen L, Jahangiri A, Chen B, Wu Y, Chuang HH, Qin C, MacDougall M. Expression and processing of small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins in mouse odontoblastic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:879-89. [PMID: 18582847 PMCID: PMC3001250 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) are expressed in dentin and believed to control dentinogenesis. Five members of SIBLING family include bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). These genes are clustered on chromosome 4q in humans and share similar biological features. DSPP and DMP1 are processed into given structural/functional fragments in rat and porcine. It still remains unclear whether these evidences occur in mouse and other SIBLING members are also processed into given fragments from their parent precursors. The aim of this study was to identify expression and processing of the five proteins in two mouse odontoblastic cell lines. DESIGN Two mouse odontoblastic cells were used to study expression and processing of the five SIBLING proteins by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry study showed that all of the five SIBLING members were expressed within the cytoplasm and cellular processes in the mouse odontoblastic cell lines. Expression levels of DMP1 and DSPP were higher in differentiated mouse odontoblasts than undifferentiated mouse odontoblasts. Immunolabelling signal of DSP and MEPE was also detected within the nucleus in the two cell lines. Western blot assay indicated that all five members were processed into at least two fragments in these cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that different processed products and expression levels of the SIBLING proteins may play distinct biological functions in tooth development and mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Kuratate M, Yoshiba K, Shigetani Y, Yoshiba N, Ohshima H, Okiji T. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Nestin, Osteopontin, and Proliferating Cells in the Reparative Process of Exposed Dental Pulp Capped with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. J Endod 2008; 34:970-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huang B, Sun Y, Maciejewska I, Qin D, Peng T, McIntyre B, Wygant J, Butler WT, Qin C. Distribution of SIBLING proteins in the organic and inorganic phases of rat dentin and bone. Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116:104-12. [PMID: 18353003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The SIBLING protein family is a group of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) that includes dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN). In the present study, we compared these four proteins in different phases of rat dentin and bone. First, we extracted NCPs in the unmineralized matrices and cellular compartments using guanidium-HCl (G1). Second, we extracted NCPs closely associated with hydroxyapatite using an EDTA solution (E). Last, we extracted the remaining NCPs again with guanidium-HCl (G2). Each fraction of Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Stains-All stain, and with western immunoblotting. In dentin, the NH(2)-terminal fragment of DSPP and its proteoglycan form were primarily present in the G1 extract, whereas the COOH-terminal fragment of DSPP was present exclusively in the E extract. The processed NH(2)-terminal fragment of DMP1 was present in G1 and E extracts, whereas the COOH-terminal fragment of DMP1 existed mainly in the E extract. Bone sialoprotein was present in all three extracts of dentin and bone, whereas OPN was present only in the G1 and E extracts of bone. The difference in the distribution of the SIBLING proteins between organic and inorganic phases supports the belief that these molecular species play different roles in dentinogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A & M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Dentin phosphophoryn promotes cellular migration of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2008; 34:575-8. [PMID: 18436037 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) is a dentin sialophosphoprotein gene product that has an RGD motif and repeat sequences of aspartic acid and phosphoserine. To date, the function of DPP in the early stage of reparative dentin formation still remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DPP on pulp cell migration and proliferation. DPP promoted cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, thus increasing it by about 3-fold at 1000 ng/mL compared with the control, but it had no effect on cell proliferation. Dephosphorylated DPP also promoted cell migration, similarly to DPP. However, cell migration was significantly suppressed by the addition of alphavbeta3 integrin antibody to the medium. Furthermore, porcine DPP-derived RGD peptide, but not its mutant RAD peptide, significantly promoted cell migration. These results indicated that the RGD motif of DPP plays an important role in the migration of human dental pulp cells.
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Mazzoni A, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Gobbi P, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Carrilho M, Tjäderhane L, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L. Immunohistochemical identification of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in human dentin: Correlative FEI‐SEM/TEM analysis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 88:697-703. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department of SAU and FAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David H. Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912‐1129
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912‐1129
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Institute of Morphological Sciences; University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti‐Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marcela Carrilho
- Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912‐1129
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Area, University of Campinas, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- IGM‐CNR, Unit of Bologna c/o IOR, Bologna, Italy
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Pang J, Zhang Y, Ke J, Yu Q, He W, Wu B. Upregulation of dentin matrix protein 1 promoter activities by core binding factor alpha1 in human dental pulp stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:505-10. [PMID: 17434448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An osteoblast-specific transcription factor, core binding factor alpha1 (Cbfalpha1), is critical for osteoblast and odontoblast differentiation. In this study, the role of Cbfalpha1 in human dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1) gene expression in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) was investigated. The desired promoter fragments were obtained and cloned into the pGL3-basic vector. It was found that Cbfalpha1 isoforms were predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the HDPSCs and reached to the maximum after transfection for 48h. Furthermore, forced overexpression of Cbfalpha1 induced the increase of the luciferase activities of pGL3-P1-6, especially those of pGL3-P(-505to+86) (p<0.05) were the most significant. Then the site-directed mutagenesis of Cbfalpha1 binding sites in the promoter region of nt -505 to +86 resulted in a marked decline of luciferase activities. Thus, our results suggest that Cbfalpha1 upregulates DMP1 gene expression differentially that may contribute to the spatial-temporal expression pattern of DMP1 during odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of the Air Force P.L.A., Beijing 100036, PR China
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