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Rosentritt M, Hickl V, Rauch A, Schmidt M. Effects of storage and toothbrush simulation on Martens hardness of CAD/CAM, hand-cast, thermoforming, and 3D-printed splint materials. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7859-7869. [PMID: 37957307 PMCID: PMC10713707 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate Martens hardness parameters of splint materials after storage in liquids and toothbrush simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten specimens per material and group were fabricated (hand-cast CAST, thermoformed TF, CAD/CAM-milled CAM, 3D-printed PS, PL, PK, PV), stored in air, water, coffee, red wine, and cleaning tablets and investigated after fabrication, 24 h, 2- and 4-week storage or toothbrushing. Martens hardness (HM), indentation hardness (HIT), indentation modulus (EIT), the elastic part of indentation work (ηIT), and indentation creep (CIT) were calculated (ISO 14577-1). STATISTICS ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, between-subjects effects, Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS HM varied between 30.8 N/mm2 for PS (water 4 weeks) and 164.0 N/mm2 for CAM (toothbrush). HIT values between 34.9 N/mm2 for PS (water 4 weeks) and 238.9 N/mm2 for CAM (toothbrush) were found. EIT varied between 4.3 kN/mm2 for CAM (toothbrush) and 1.8 kN/mm2 for PK (water 2 weeks). ηIT was found to vary between 16.9% for PS (water 4 weeks) and 42.8% for PL (toothbrush). CIT varied between 2.5% for PL (toothbrush) and 11.4% for PS (water 4 weeks). The highest impact was identified for the material (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Storage and toothbrushing influenced Martens parameters. The properties of splints can be influenced by the choice of materials, based on different elastic and viscoelastic parameters. High HM and EIT and low CIT might be beneficial for splint applications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Martens parameters HM, EIT, and CIT might help to evaluate clinically relevant splint properties such as hardness, elasticity, and creep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Verena Hickl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
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Brewster J, Roberts HW. 12-Month flexural mechanical properties of conventional and self-adhesive flowable resin composite materials. Dent Mater J 2023:2023-011. [PMID: 37302821 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the 12-month flexural mechanical properties of 23 flowable resin-based composites (FRBC) that included 5 self-adhesive FRBC materials. Specimens were evaluated following ISO 4049:2019 guidelines, but additionally stored in physiologic 0.2M phosphate buffered saline solution being tested at 24 h, 1 week, 1 month, and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months. While some deviation and degradation were noted at testing intervals, conventional FRBC materials overall demonstrated greater flexural strength than the self-adhesive and compomer materials. Three self-adhesive materials and the compomer were below recommended ISO 4049:2019 flexural strength values at 24 h with another after 6 months storage. Conventional FRBC materials, except at 1 month, overall demonstrated increased flexural modulus than the self-adhesive FRBC materials. Although results were material dependent, conventional FRBC materials demonstrated overall greater flexural mechanical properties as compared to the self-adhesive FRBC materials and the compomer evaluated.
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He Y, Chen C, Yan Y, Swain MV, Li Q, Jian Y, Zhao K, Wang X. Methodology improvement of bulk compressive creep test: Deformation measurement and loading rate. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1575-1586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martens Hardness of CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The properties of CAD/CAM resin-based composites differ due to differences in their composition. Instrumented indentation testing can help to analyze these differences with respect to hardness, as well as energy-converting capabilities due to viscoelastic behavior. (2) Methods: Eleven materials were investigated using instrumented indentation testing. Indentation depth (hr), Martens hardness (HM), indentation hardness (HIT), indentation modulus (EIT), the elastic part of indentation work (ηIT), and indentation creep (CIT) were investigated, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test, and Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). (3) Results: All of the investigated parameters revealed differences between the analyzed materials. Besides the differences in hardness-associated parameters (hr, HM, and HIT), instrumented indentation testing demonstrated differences in energy-converting properties. The subsequent one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p < 0.001). A significant (p < 0.01, Pearson correlation >0.576) correlation between the materials and HM, HIT, or EIT was identified. (4) Conclusions: Due to the differences found in the energy-converting properties of the investigated materials, certain CAD/CAM resin-based composites could show superior stress-breaking capabilities than others. The consequential reduction in stress build-up may prove to beneficial, especially for implant-retained restorations or patients suffering from parafunctions.
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Ismail HS, Ali AI, Mehesen RE, Juloski J, Garcia-Godoy F, Mahmoud SH. Deep proximal margin rebuilding with direct esthetic restorations: a systematic review of marginal adaptation and bond strength. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e15. [PMID: 35692223 PMCID: PMC9160765 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to characterize the effect of direct restorative material types and adhesive protocols on marginal adaptation and the bond strength of the interface between the material and the proximal dentin/cementum. An electronic search of 3 databases (the National Library of Medicine [MEDLINE/PubMed], Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Studies were included if they evaluated marginal adaptation or bond strength tests for proximal restorations under the cementoenamel junction. Only 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. These studies presented a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of the materials used and the methodologies and evaluation criteria of each test; therefore, only a descriptive analysis could be conducted. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following predetermined criteria. To summarize the results of the included studies, the type of restorative material affected the test results, whereas the use of different adhesive protocols had an insignificant effect on the results. It could be concluded that various categories of resin-based composites could be a suitable choice for clinicians to elevate proximal dentin/cementum margins, rather than the open sandwich technique with resin-modified glass ionomers. Despite challenges in bonding to proximal dentin/cementum margins, different adhesive protocols provided comparable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda S. Ismail
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I. Ali
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rabab El. Mehesen
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Jelena Juloski
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Salah H. Mahmoud
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Iwasaki T, Kamiya N, Hirayama S, Tanimoto Y. Evaluation of the mechanical behavior of bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites using dynamic micro-indentation. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:87-94. [PMID: 34471041 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the mechanical behavior of commercially available bulk-fill and conventional flowable resin composites using the dynamic micro-indentation method. The effect of inorganic filler content on mechanical properties was also assessed. Weight percentages of the inorganic filler in the resin composite were measured using the ashing technique. The results showed that dynamic hardness and elastic modulus tended to increase with inorganic filler content. Furthermore, the differences in mechanical properties between top and bottom surfaces were less pronounced in bulk-fill flowable resin composites compared with conventional flowable resin composites. In conclusion, the mechanical properties of bulk-fill flowable resin composites are affected by filler content. Moreover, bulk-fill flowable resin composites have a higher polymerization depth than conventional flowable resin composites when sample thickness is 4 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Iwasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Naotaka Kamiya
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yasuhiro Tanimoto
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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A Comparative Clinical Study of the Self-Adhering Flowable Composite Resin Vertise Flow and the Traditional Flowable Composite Resin Premise Flowable. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of this research was to carry out a comparative clinical study of a self-adhesive, light-curing composite material called Vertise Flow and a traditional flow material called Premise flowable used in combination with dedicated bonding systems. In order to standardize the clinical environment, the stability of oral hygiene (analyzed with the oral hygiene index and the approximal plaque index) was taken into consideration. Methods. The study involved 37 patients with 64 fillings. They were distributed into three groups: 22 fillings in Group I, 22 fillings in Group II and 20 fillings in Group III. In Group I (G I), Vertise Flow material was applied without the use of an etching agent or a bonding system; in Group II (G II), Premise flowable material was applied without the use of an etching agent, but with the use of the OptiBond All-In-One seventh-generation bonding system; in Group III (G III), Premise flowable material was applied after etching and treatment of the hard tooth tissues using a fifth-generation OptiBond Solo Plus bonding system. Then, at appropriate time intervals (0, i.e., right after filling and after 6, 12 and 24 months), the fillings were subjected to clinical evaluation, conducted according to the Ryge scale criteria with the use of registration by means of a fluorescent high-intensity visible light beam produced by a camera (Vista Proof). Results. The quality of fillings performed with the use of comparable materials was subjected to clinical evaluation using the Ryge scale of fillings after 6, 12, and 24 months; the examination showed significant differences between the tested materials. The Vertise Flow material used without an etching agent or a bonding system (G I) presented the weakest results with respect to marginal adaptation and smoothness among those evaluated in this study. The intensification of the degradation continued over time until the final clinical observation at 24 months. The results confirmed that the best quality was achieved with the Premise flowable material after etching and treatment of the hard tooth tissues using a fifth-generation OptiBond Solo Plus bonding system (G III) relative to others for all time points during the observation. Conclusions. The used preparation scheme and bonding system have an impact on the final quality of the composite filling. There is a need to carry out a qualitative clinical evaluation of dental restorative materials under uniform conditions using evaluation scales.
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Oz FD, Ergin E, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Clinical Evaluation of a Self-Adhering Flowable Resin Composite in Minimally Invasive Class I Cavities: 5-year Results of a Double Blind Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:10-21. [PMID: 32523153 PMCID: PMC7233123 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/1/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of a self-adhering flowable resin composite compared to a conventional flowable resin composite used with an etch&rinse adhesive system in minimally invasive Class I cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients received at least one pair of Class I restorations (n=65). After class I cavities had been prepared, they were randomly restored either with a self-adhering flowable resin composite (VertiseFlow/Kerr-VR) [Group-1 (n=33)], or with a flowable resin composite (Luxaflow/DMG-LX) in combination with an etch&rinse adhesive (Teco/DMG) [Group-2 (n=32)] according to the manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and yearly during 5 years according to the FDI criteria by two evaluators. A statistical analysis was carried out using the Pearson Chi-Square test and the Cochran Q-test followed by the Mc Nemar's test (p=0.05). RESULTS After 5 years a total of 47 restorations were evaluated with a recall rate of 68%. At 4-year, 3 (11.5%) VR and 2 LX (7.6%) restorations exhibited a cumulative retention loss. Seventeen (73.9%) VR and 14 LX (58.3%) restorations exhibited clinically acceptable (2) scores for marginal adaptation. At 5-year evaluations VR and LX showed similar results regarding all evaluated criteria (p > 0.05). The cumulative retention loss rates of VR and LX were 15.3% and 7.6%, respectively. None of the restorations demonstrated a recurrence of caries and post operative sensitivity. Both materials showed significant changes at 4 and 5 years regarding marginal staining when compared to baseline (p<0.001). Furthermore, significant changes were observed for VR and LX at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years for marginal adaptation according to baseline (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The use of both materials for the restoration of Class-I cavities demonstrated clinically acceptable performance at the end of 5-year. The self-adhering flowable composite exhibited a clinical performance similar to the conventional flowable applied with an etch&rinse adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Dilsad Oz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Esra Ergin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Filiz Yalcin Cakir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, TURKEY
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Watts DC. The quest for stable biomimetic repair of teeth: Technology of resin-bonded composites. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:46-51. [PMID: 31666489 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The rationale leading to the present generation of resin composites is surveyed. There are many sub-classes such as flowable materials with specialized clinical indications. But a simplistic categorization of resin-composite materials is inappropriate. It is better to appreciate the factors that have driven recent developments. These include the search for low shrinkage composites and for greater depth of cure. Other necessary features are good handling behavior and sufficient strength for load-bearing situations. The esthetic challenge is for materials with superior and life-like optical properties and it is important to identify products that are good in every critical property. Nanotechnology has led to certain improvements, but the possibilities and limitations of nanoparticles must be appreciated. In all these developments, the structure and properties of the host tissues are a challenge and inspiration. Thus materials that can emulate the features of enamel and dentin are the goal of biomimetic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester
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Alamoush RA, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N, Watts DC. Viscoelastic stability of pre-cured resin-composite CAD/CAM structures. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1166-1172. [PMID: 31146959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of water storage (3 months) on the creep deformation and recovery of CAD/CAM composite materials to determine their viscoelastic stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five CAD/CAM composite blocks, with increasing filler loading, and one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) were studied. Six specimens of each material were separated into two groups (n=3) according to their storage conditions (24 h dry storage at 23°C versus 3 months storage in 37°C distilled water). A constant static compressive stress of 20 MPa was applied on each specimen via a loading pin for 2 h followed by unloading and monitoring strain recovery for a further period of 2 h. The maximum creep-strain (%) and permanent set (%) were recorded. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (<0.05) for comparisons between the materials. Homogeneity of variance was calculated via Levene's statistics. RESULTS The maximum creep strain after 24 h dry ranged from 0.45% to 1.09% and increased after 3-month storage in distilled water to between 0.71% and 1.85%. The permanent set after 24 h dry storage ranged from 0.033% to 0.15% and increased after 3-month water storage to between 0.087% and 0.18%. The maximum creep strain also reduced with increasing filler loading. SIGNIFICANCE The PICN material exhibited superior dimensional stability to all of the pre-cured resin composite blocks in both storage conditions with deformation being predominantly elastic rather than viscoelastic. Notwithstanding, two of the resin-matrix composite blocks approached the PICN performance, when dry, but less so after water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - D C Watts
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Cai J, Burrow MF, Manton DJ, Tsuda Y, Sobh EG, Palamara JEA. Effects of silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide on artificial root caries lesions with adjunctive application of proanthocyanidin. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:491-502. [PMID: 30776507 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of carious root surfaces remains challenging due to the complex pathological processes and difficulty in restoring the original structure of root dentine. Current treatments targeting the de-/re-mineralisation processes are not entirely satisfactory in terms of the protection of the dentinal organic matrix and the highly organised structure of dentine. In this in vitro study, a cross-linking agent - proanthocyanidin (PA) was used in conjunction with a fluoride-based treatment - silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) to putatively stabilise the organic dentinal framework as well as strengthen the collagen-mineral phase interaction. The effectiveness of this strategy was evaluated 24 h after application in terms of the distribution of ion uptake and microstructure of dentine after treatment as well as analysis of the nano-mechanical properties using a dynamic behaviour model. Results showed that individual use of SDF/KI significantly improved the surface microhardness and integrated mineral density (Z) up to 60 µm depth and the recovery of creep behaviour of demineralised dentine in the surface area compared to that treated with deionised distilled water (DDW). The combined treatment of PA and SDF/KI achieved a more homogenous mineral distribution throughout the lesions than SDF/KI alone; a more significant incremental increase in surface microhardness and Z was observed. Specifically, a superior effect on the subsurface area occurred with PA + SDF/KI, with significant improvements in microhardness, elastic modulus and recovery of creep behaviour of the demineralised dentine. Application of SDF/KI induced small discrete crystal formation distributed over the dentine surface and PA contributed to the formation of slit-shaped orifices of the dentinal tubules that were partially occluded. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Demographic transitions and improved oral health behaviour have resulted in increased tooth retention in elderly people. As a consequence, the risk of root dentine caries is increasing due to the age-associated gingival recession and the related frequent exposure of cervical root dentine. Root caries is difficult to repair because of the complex aetiology and dentine structure. The recovery of dentine quality depends not only on reincorporation of minerals but also an intact dentinal organic matrix and the organic-inorganic interfacial structure, which contribute to the biomechanics of dentine. With the capability of dentine modification, cross-linking agents were applied with a fluoride regimen, which improved its treatment efficacy of root caries regarding the distribution of ion uptake and recovery of dentine biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - David J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Yuka Tsuda
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Eman G Sobh
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Joseph E A Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Alotaibi K, Almutawa Z, Fouad H, Elsharawy M, Silikas N. Simultaneous Evaluation of Creep Deformation and Recovery of Bulk-Fill Dental Composites Immersed in Food-Simulating Liquids. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071180. [PMID: 29996519 PMCID: PMC6073768 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the creep/recovery behavior of bulk-fill dental composites after storage in various food simulating organic solvents. For this purpose, five different resin-composites (four bulk-fills and one conventional) were used. A total of 20 rectangular specimens (14 mm × 3 mm × 0.7 mm) were prepared by filling the resin-composites in Teflon mold. All of the specimens for each material (n = 5) were divided into four groups namely dry (control), distilled water (DW), artificial saliva, and absolute ethanol. The specimens were subjected to three-point bending creep test during immersion directly. A constant load of 2 N was used for each specimen with loading and unloading time 2 h each. RESULTS SF2 and XF showed a lower creep strain % after immersion, ranging from 0.44 (dry) to 0.75 (saliva) and 0.43 (dry) to 0.80 (ethanol), respectively. TNC BF depicts the maximum creep strain % ranging from 1.24% (dry) to 2.87% (ethanol) followed by FBF ranging from 1.17 (dry) to 2.59 (ethanol). However, the conventional material (GR) showed lower creep strain after immersion ranging from 0.28 to 0.54. Moreover, SF2 resulted in the highest creep recovery in all of the composites groups, as well as conventional material. The other composite groups showed lower creep recovery as compared to the conventional material (GR). The creep strain % for all the bulk-fill composites materials were increased during immersion in the liquids. However, for the conventional material, the creep deformation is decreased after immersion. SF2 showed the highest percentage of creep recovery among the bulk-fill composites, followed by XF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan research chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Alotaibi
- Dental intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ziad Almutawa
- Dental intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - H Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan 11792, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Elsharawy
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Ghavam M, Soleimanpour M, Hashemikamangar SS, Ebrahimi H, Kharazifard MJ. Microshear bond strength of self-adhesive composite to ceramic after mechanical, chemical and laser surface treatments. Laser Ther 2017; 26:297-304. [PMID: 29434430 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.17-or-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the microshear bond strength of a repairing self-adhesive flowable composite to ceramic after mechanical, chemical and laser treatment of the ceramic surface. Materials and Methods Forty zirconia and forty feldspathic ceramic blocks measuring 8 x 8 x 2 mm were fabricated. Feldspathic blocks were divided into four groups of control (1), laser (2780 nm) (2), sandblasting + hydrofluoric (HF) acid + silane (3) and laser (2780 nm) + HF acid + silane (4). Zirconia blocks were also divided into four groups of control (1), laser (2780 nm) (2), sandblasting + Z-Prime Plus (3) and laser (2780 nm) + Z-Prime Plus (4). Vertise Flow composite was bonded to treated ceramic surfaces as a repairing material, then the samples were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles. Repair bond strength was measured by Instron machine and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test (P < 0.05). Results Maximum and minimum bond strength values were observed in zirconia-control (22.57 ± 4.76 MPa) and feldspathic-control (8.65 ± 6.41 MPa) groups, respectively. There was no significant differences between subgroups within the zirconia or feldspathic groups (P > 0.05), however the bond strength of zirconia subgroups was significantly higher than that of feldspathic subgroups. Conclusion Vertise Flow provides relatively good bond strength to ceramic even with no surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghavam
- Department of operative dentistry, Dental school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | | | | - Hooman Ebrahimi
- Dental school, Tehran university of medical sciences, International campus
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Department of epidemiology and biostatistics, Faculty of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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The impact of resin-coating on sub-critical crack extension in a porcelain laminate veneer material. Dent Mater 2017; 33:498-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Ahdal K, Silikas N, Watts DC. Development of viscoelastic stability of resin-composites incorporating novel matrices. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1561-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gao S, Gao S, Xu B, Yu H. Effects of Different pH-Values on the Nanomechanical Surface Properties of PEEK and CFR-PEEK Compared to Dental Resin-Based Materials. MATERIALS 2015; 8:4751-4767. [PMID: 28793469 PMCID: PMC5455519 DOI: 10.3390/ma8084751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study determines the stability and durability of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) with 30% short carbon fibers, a dental composite based on Bis-GMA and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under the influence of different pH-values of the oral environment in vitro. Nanomechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests before and after incubation of the specimens at 37 °C for 30 days in artificial saliva with pH-values of 3, 7 and 10, respectively. Nanoindentation and nanoscratching tests were performed using the Hysitron TI950 TriboIndenter to evaluate the reduced elastic moduli, nanohardness, viscoelasticity, friction coefficient and residual scratch profiles. After treatment, the nanomechanical properties of unfilled PEEK did not change. The reduced elastic moduli and nanohardness of the carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK increased significantly. The reduced elastic moduli and nanohardness of CHARISMA decreased. The plasticity of all materials except that of the unfilled PEEK increased. This indicates that different pH-values of the artificial saliva solutions had no obvious influences on the nanomechanical properties of the PEEK matrix. Therefore, the aging resistance of the unfilled PEEK was higher than those of other materials. It can be deduced that the PEEK matrix without filler was more stable than with filler in the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, NO. 14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Effect of cyclic freeze-thawing process on the structure and properties of collagen. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 80:317-23. [PMID: 26118487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of freeze-thawing cycles (named 'N') on the rheological and thermal properties of bovine skin collagen solution was investigated using a rheometer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of dynamic frequency sweep tests showed that the elasticity of collagen increased as N increased to 3, 5 and 7. Especially, after the freeze-thawing cycles of N=7, the recovery capacity of collagen remarkably increased (from 17.76% to 74.98%) and the hysteresis loop areas of collagen also became larger (from 95.53 to 218.24 Pa/s). Moreover, DSC and non-isothermal kinetic analysis revealed that although the freeze-thawing process had little impact on the thermal denaturation temperature, the endothermic enthalpy was increased by 73% when N=7, as estimated from the area under the endothermic peak and from the Friedman isoconversional method. In addition, as observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the fibers of collagen became thicker after the process of freeze-thawing cycles, indicating that the aggregation of collagen molecules was enhanced in the process of freeze-thawing. Meanwhile, the morphology of freeze-thawed collagen sponge examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited a porous network structure, and the pores became more regular with increasing N.
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Qamar Z, Fatima T, Faisal S. An in-vitro assessment of the flow characteristics of different flowable composite systems. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Baroudi K, Rodrigues JC. Flowable Resin Composites: A Systematic Review and Clinical Considerations. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZE18-24. [PMID: 26266238 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12294.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about flowable composite materials. Most literature mentions conventional composite materials at large, giving minimal emphasis to flowables in particular. This paper briefly gives an in depth insight to the multiple facets of this versatile material. AIM To exclusively review the most salient features of flowable composite materials in comparison to conventional composites and to give clinicians a detailed understanding of the advantages, drawbacks, indications and contraindications based on composition and physical/mechanical properties. METHODOLOGY DATA SOURCES A thorough literature search from the year 1996 up to January 2015 was done on PubMed Central, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. Grey literature (pending patents, technical reports etc.) was also screened. The search terms used were "dental flowable resin composites". SEARCH STRATEGY After omitting the duplicates/repetitions, a total of 491 full text articles were assessed. As including all articles were out of the scope of this paper. Only relevant articles that fulfilled the reviewer's objectives {mentioning indications, contraindications, applications, assessment of physical/mechanical/biological properties (in vitro/ in vivo /ex vivo)} were considered. A total of 92 full text articles were selected. CONCLUSION Flowable composites exhibit a variable composition and consequently variable mechanical/ physical properties. Clinicians must be aware of this aspect to make a proper material selection based on specific properties and indications of each material relevant to a particular clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusai Baroudi
- Associate Professor of Pedodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Alfarabi Colleges , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean C Rodrigues
- Lecturer of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Alfarabi Colleges , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hooi P, Addison O, Fleming GJP. Atmospheric moisture effects on the testing rate and cementation seating load following resin-strengthening of a soda lime glass analogue for dental porcelain. J Dent 2013; 41:1208-13. [PMID: 24012519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if resin-cementation of a soda lime glass dental analogue could elucidate information regarding the pattern of resin-reinforcement when coated in an environment actively scavenged of moisture. METHODS 192 soda lime disc-shaped specimens (alumina particle air abraded, hydrofluoric acid-etched and silane coated) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n=24 per group) prior to resin-coating at seating loads of 5 N (Groups A-D) and 30 N (Groups E-H) in an environment where moisture was actively scavenged and maintained below 15 ppm. Following one week storage the discs were tested in biaxial flexure at crosshead rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10mm/min. Analysis of group means was performed utilising a general linear model univariate analysis and post hoc all paired Tukey tests (P<0.05). RESULTS The general linear model univariate analysis identified the mean biaxial flexure strength (BFS) was significantly influenced by the factors resin-cementation seating load (P<0.001) and crosshead speed of the applied load (P<0.001) with a significant interaction (P=0.008) between both factors. The linear logarithmic regression curves fitted to the group mean BFS data plotted against the crosshead speed highlighted significant differences between the pattern of resin-strengthening for the cementation loads and testing conditions. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in resin-penetration expected within the 'resin-ceramic hybrid layer' following removal of the 30 N seating load was proposed as the modifying resin-strengthening parameter. These observations are supported by the viscoelastic and creep behaviour of resins at slow testing rates which becomes the dominant or determining phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hooi
- Materials Science Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Lincoln Place, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Testing rate and cementation seating load effects on resin-strengthening of a dental porcelain analogue. J Dent 2013; 41:514-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bektas OO, Eren D, Akin EG, Akin H. Evaluation of a self-adhering flowable composite in terms of micro-shear bond strength and microleakage. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:541-6. [PMID: 22827776 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.696697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate dentin bond strength and microleakage of a self-adhering flowable resin with or without adhesive resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin pieces were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10): Group OR (Optibond+Revolution Formula 2 Flow); Group VF (Vertise Flow); and Group OVF (Optibond+Vertise Flow). Then specimens were stressed in shear at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min until the bond failed. Moreover, microleakage was determined by restoring Class V cavities. A statistical analyses was carried out using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Group OVF specimens produced the highest mean shear bond strength. In addition, the results showed that the marginal seal in group VF was similar to that in group OR. CONCLUSION Self-adhering flowable composite resin combined with adhesive resin provided stronger dentin bond strength and a better marginal seal than when it was used individually. VF is a useful material with an acceptable bond strength and marginal seal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Ozel Bektas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- S El-Safty
- School of Dentistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, UK.
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Bonding and sealing ability of a new self-adhering flowable composite resin in class I restorations. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1497-506. [PMID: 23086332 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess by means of shear bond strength tests (SBS), microleakage analysis (μLKG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the bonding potential and sealing ability of a new self-adhering composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS SBS and μLKG of Vertise Flow (VF, Kerr) were measured and compared to the all-in-one adhesive systems G-Bond (GB, GC), AdheSE One (AO, Ivoclar Vivadent), Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), Xeno V (XV, Dentsply), and iBOND (iB, Heraeus Kulzer). For each system, 20 molars were tested for SBS on dentin (n = 10) and enamel (n = 10). For μLKG assessment, 12 premolars per group were selected and small, box-shaped cavities were made. After restoration, the teeth were immersed in 50 wt% silver nitrate solution for 24 h. For each group, 10 randomly selected specimens were processed for leakage calculations, while two of the specimens were examined under SEM. Between-group differences in SBS to dentin and μLKG were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by the Dunn's Multiple Range test. Enamel SBS data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test. RESULTS On dentin and enamel, VF recorded the lowest SBS values that were statistically comparable to those measured by GB, iB, and AO. μLKG analysis showed the lowest percentage of stained interface for VF. Significantly greater extent of infiltration was seen for iB and EB. CONCLUSIONS Although VF resulted in lower bond strengths values on either dental substrate, better marginal sealing ability was visualized in comparison with all-in-one adhesive systems. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of the present study demonstrated satisfactory in vitro outcome of the self-adhering flowable composite resin VF when used to restore class I cavities.
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Nanoindentation creep versus bulk compressive creep of dental resin-composites. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1171-82. [PMID: 22999374 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate nanoindentation as an experimental tool for characterizing the viscoelastic time-dependent creep of resin-composites and to compare the resulting parameters with those obtained by bulk compressive creep. METHODS Ten dental resin-composites: five conventional, three bulk-fill and two flowable were investigated using both nanoindentation creep and bulk compressive creep methods. For nano creep, disc specimens (15mm×2mm) were prepared from each material by first injecting the resin-composite paste into metallic molds. Specimens were irradiated from top and bottom surfaces in multiple overlapping points to ensure optimal polymerization using a visible light curing unit with output irradiance of 650mW/cm(2). Specimens then were mounted in 3cm diameter phenolic ring forms and embedded in a self-curing polystyrene resin. Following grinding and polishing, specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24h. Using an Agilent Technologies XP nanoindenter equipped with a Berkovich diamond tip (100nm radius), the nano creep was measured at a maximum load of 10mN and the creep recovery was determined when each specimen was unloaded to 1mN. For bulk compressive creep, stainless steel split molds (4mm×6mm) were used to prepare cylindrical specimens which were thoroughly irradiated at 650mW/cm(2) from multiple directions and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24h. Specimens were loaded (20MPa) for 2h and unloaded for 2h. One-way ANOVA, Levene's test for homogeneity of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test (all at p≤0.05), plus regression plots, were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Dependent on the type of resin-composite material and the loading/unloading parameters, nanoindentation creep ranged from 29.58nm to 90.99nm and permanent set ranged from 8.96nm to 30.65nm. Bulk compressive creep ranged from 0.47% to 1.24% and permanent set ranged from 0.09% to 0.38%. There was a significant (p=0.001) strong positive non-linear correlation (r(2)=0.97) between bulk creep and nano creep that could also be expressed via a simple fractional-power function. A significant (p=0.003) positive linear correlation (r(2)=0.69) existed between nano creep recovery and bulk creep recovery. With both methods of examination, except for Venus Bulk Fill™ (VB), the flowable and bulk-fill resin-composites exhibited creep within the range exhibited by the conventional resin-composites. SIGNIFICANCE Despite the differences in loading and unloading conditions, in both methods of examination the correlation observed between the creep and recovery responses for a set of resin-composites was high. Both nano creep and recovery positively correlated with loading and unloading rates, respectively.
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Creep deformation of restorative resin-composites intended for bulk-fill placement. Dent Mater 2012; 28:928-35. [PMID: 22656273 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the creep deformation of several "bulk-fill" resin-composite formulations in comparison with some other types. METHODS Six resin-composites; four bulk-fill and two conventional were investigated. Stainless steel split molds (4 mm × 6 mm) were used to prepare cylindrical specimens for creep testing. Specimens were thoroughly irradiated with 650 mW cm(-2). A total of 10 specimens for each material were divided into two groups (n = 5) according to the storage condition; Group A stored dry at 37 °C for 24h and Group B stored in distilled water at 37 °C in an incubator for 24h. Each specimen was loaded (20 MPa) for 2h and unloaded for 2h. The strain deformation was recorded continuously for 4h. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of a = 0.05. RESULTS The maximum creep strain % ranged from 0.72% up to 1.55% for Group A and the range for Group B increased from 0.79% up to 1.80% due to water sorption. Also, the permanent set ranged from 0.14% up to 0.47% for Group A and from 0.20% up to 0.59% for Group B. Dependent on the material and storage condition, the percentage of creep strain recovery ranged between 64% and 81%. Increased filler loading in the bulk-fill materials decreased the creep strain magnitude. SIGNIFICANCE Creep deformation of all studied resin-composites increased with wet storage. The "bulk-fill" composites exhibited an acceptable creep deformation and within the range exhibited by other resin-composites.
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Effects of three restorative techniques in the bond strength and nanoleakage at gingival wall of Class II restorations subjected to simulated aging. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:627-33. [PMID: 22576325 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of simulated aging in bond strength and nanoleakage of class II restorations using three different restorative techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Class II preparations (n = 12) were restored using: FS - composite resin Filtek Supreme Plus (3M/ESPE); RMGIC + FS - resin-modified glass ionomer cement Vitrebond Plus (3M/ESPE) + FS; and FFS + FS - flowable composite resin Filtek Supreme Plus Flowable (3M ESPE) + FS. The teeth were assigned into two groups: Control and Simulated Aging - Thermal/Mechanical cycling (3,000 cycles, 20-80 °C/500,000 cycles, 50 N). From each tooth, two slabs were assessed to microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) (MPa), and two slabs were prepared for nanoleakage assessment, calculated as penetration along the restoration margin considering the penetration length (%) and as the area of silver nitrate particle deposition (μm(2)). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS FS presented the highest μTBS to dentin (22.39 ± 7.55 MPa) after simulated aging, while the presence of flowable resin significantly decreased μTBS (14.53 ± 11.65 MPa) when compared to no aging condition. Both control and aging groups of RMGIC + FS presented the highest values of silver nitrate penetration (89.90 ± 16.31 % and 97.14 ± 5.76 %) and deposition area (33.05 ± 12.49 and 28.08 ± 9.76 μm(2)). Nanoleakage was not affected by simulated aging. CONCLUSIONS FS presented higher bond strength and lower nanoleakage and was not affected by simulated aging. Use of flowable resin compromised the bond strength after simulated aging. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of an intermediate layer did not improve the dentin bond strength neither reduced nanoleakage at the gingival margins of class II restorations under simulated aging conditions.
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Kaleem M, Satterthwaite JD, Watts DC. Effect of filler size and morphology on viscoelastic stability of resin-composites under dynamic loading. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:623-627. [PMID: 22293893 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effect of variation in filler particle size, morphology and wet conditioning on the viscoelastic stability of resin-composites under dynamic loading was investigated. Eight experimental light cured resin-composites were selected. For each of the eight resin-composites, ten cylindrical specimens (4 × 6 mm), divided into two subgroups (n = 5) were prepared. Group 1 and 2 were loaded dynamically after 1 day of dry storage and 1 week of wet storage, respectively. A cyclic load between 1 and 50 MPa was applied for both groups at a frequency of 0.25 Hz for 30 min to obtain the 'dynamic' creep strain (%). Data was analysed by univariate ANOVA. Unimodal spherical and irregular resin-composites showed a significant influence of particle size and shape on dynamic creep under dry condition, but not for wet conditions. Irregular filler particles in both unimodal and multimodal resin-composites were more resistant to dynamic creep under wet conditions and showed higher stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kaleem
- Dental Materials Department, Army Medical College, National University of Science and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Dynamic and static mechanical analysis of resin luting cements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 6:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kaleem M, Masouras K, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N, Watts DC. Viscoelastic stability of resin-composites under static and dynamic loading. Dent Mater 2012; 28:e15-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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GAROUSHI S, KALEEM M, SHINYA A, K.VALLITTU P, D. SATTERTHWAITE J, C. WATTS D, V. J. LASSILA L. Creep of experimental short fiber-reinforced composite resin. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:737-41. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tan L, Wan A, Pan D. Viscoelasticity of concentrated polyacrylonitrile solutions: effects of solution composition and temperature. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Klautau EB, Carneiro KK, Lobato MF, Machado SMM, Souza Junior MHSE. Low shrinkage composite resins: influence on sealing ability in unfavorable C-factor cavities. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:5-12. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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PAPADOGIANNIS D, TOLIDIS K, LAKES R, PAPADOGIANNIS Y. Viscoelastic properties of low-shrinking composite resins compared to packable composite resins. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:350-7. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Feitosa VP, Medina ADC, Puppin-Rontani RM, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MAC. Effect of Resin Coat Technique on Bond Strength of Indirect Restorations after Thermal and Load Cycling. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2010; 51:111-8. [DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.51.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Papadogiannis D, Lakes R, Palaghias G, Papadogiannis Y. Creep and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of endodontic fiber-reinforced composite posts. J Prosthodont Res 2009; 53:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LM, Silikas N. Shrinkage Stresses Generated during Resin-Composite Applications: A Review. JOURNAL OF DENTAL BIOMECHANICS 2009; 2010. [PMID: 20948573 PMCID: PMC2951111 DOI: 10.4061/2010/131630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many developments have been made in the field of resin composites for dental applications. However, the manifestation of shrinkage due to the polymerization process continues to be a major problem. The material's shrinkage, associated with dynamic development of elastic modulus, creates stresses within the material and its interface with the tooth structure. As a consequence, marginal failure and subsequent secondary caries, marginal staining, restoration displacement, tooth fracture, and/or post-operative sensitivity are clinical drawbacks of resin-composite applications. The aim of the current paper is to present an overview about the shrinkage stresses created during resin-composite applications, consequences, and advances. The paper is based on results of many researches that are available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe J Schneider
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, The University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99001-970, RS, Brazil
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Cadenaro M, Marchesi G, Antoniolli F, Davidson C, De Stefano Dorigo E, Breschi L. Flowability of composites is no guarantee for contraction stress reduction. Dent Mater 2009; 25:649-54. [PMID: 19136149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to measure the contraction stress development of three flowable resin-composite materials (Grandio Flow, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany; Tetric Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein; Filtek Supreme XT Flowable Restorative, 3M ESPE, ST. Paul, MN, USA) and an universal micro-hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) during photopolymerization with a halogen curing light, using a novel stress-measuring gauge. METHODS Curing shrinkage stress was measured using a stress-analyzer. Composites were polymerized with a halogen curing unit (VIP, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) for 40s. The contraction force (N) generated during polymerization was continuously recorded for 180s after photo-initiation. Contraction stress (MPa) was calculated at 20s, 40s, 60s, 120s and 180s. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Filtek Supreme XT Flowable Restorative exhibited the highest stress values compared to other materials (p<0.05), while the lowest values were recorded with Tetric Flow (p<0.05). Tetric Flow was also the only flowable composite showing stress values lower than the conventional composite Filtek Z250 (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Flowable composites investigated with this experimental setup showed shrinkage stress comparable to conventional resin restorative materials, thus supporting the hypothesis that the use of flowable materials do not lead to marked stress reduction and the risk of debonding at the adhesive interface as a result of polymerization contraction is similar for both type of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cadenaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Via Stuparich, 1, I-34125 Trieste, Italy.
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