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Jelača S, Jovanovic I, Bovan D, Pavlovic S, Gajovic N, Dunđerović D, Dajić-Stevanović Z, Acović A, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Antimelanoma Effects of Alchemilla vulgaris: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Diseases 2024; 12:125. [PMID: 38920557 PMCID: PMC11202689 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the rich ethnobotanical and growing evidence-based medicine records, the Alchemillae herba, i.e., the upper parts of the Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), was used for the assessment of antimelanoma activity. The ethanolic extract of A. vulgaris strongly suppressed the viability of B16F1, B16F10, 518A2, and Fem-X cell lines. In contrast to the in vitro study, where the B16F1 cells were more sensitive to the treatment than the more aggressive counterpart B16F10, the results obtained in vivo using the corresponding syngeneic murine model were quite the opposite. The higher sensitivity of B16F10 tumors in vivo may be attributed to a more complex response to the extract compared to one triggered in vitro. In addition, the strong immunosuppressive microenvironment in the B16F1 model is impaired by the treatment, as evidenced by enhanced antigen-presenting potential of dendritic cells, influx and activity of CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, decreased presence of T regulatory lymphocytes, and attenuation of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. All these effects are supported by the absence of systemic toxicity. A. vulgaris extract treatment results in a sustained and enhanced ability to reduce melanoma growth, followed by the restoration of innate and adopted antitumor immunity without affecting the overall physiology of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Jelača
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (I.J.); (S.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Dijana Bovan
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Sladjana Pavlovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (I.J.); (S.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (I.J.); (S.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Duško Dunđerović
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Zora Dajić-Stevanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Acović
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.J.); (D.B.)
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Villa A, Celentano A, Glurich I, Borgnakke WS, Jensen SB, Peterson DE, Delli K, Ojeda D, Vissink A, Farah CS. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Oral Dis 2020; 25 Suppl 1:64-78. [PMID: 31140698 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prognostic biomarker candidates for stratification and long-term surveillance of oral leukoplakia progressing to cancer via a systematic literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic searches with no date restrictions were conducted on March 29, 2018, targeting the databases PubMed (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), EBM (Ovid), and Web of Science (ISI). Bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Biomarkers were stratified based on hallmarks of cancer. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 25 of 3,415 studies. A range of biomarkers were evaluated experimentally for risk stratification, prognosis, and surveillance of oral leukoplakia in tissue, blood, and saliva. However, the studies were highly heterogeneous and require further validation. Biomarkers reported in these studies included inflammatory or oxidative markers, growth factors, ion channels, genetic and cellular regulatory factors, and epigenetic biomarkers. Studies tended to include small sample sizes, under-reported or variably reported histopathological data, did not address potential confounding, reported limited/variable follow-up data, or lacked a control group. Inclusion of subsets from chemoprevention trials may have introduced bias regarding reported malignant transformation rates and accuracy of prognostic biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This review identified insufficient longitudinal evidence to support validated prognostic biomarkers for oral leukoplakia. Further studies are needed to identify molecular targets with the potential to mitigate risk of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Villa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid Glurich
- Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Siri Beier Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Douglas E Peterson
- Oral Medicine Section, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Konstantina Delli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David Ojeda
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Perth, Westren Australia, Australia
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Villa A, Hanna GJ, Kacew A, Frustino J, Hammerman PS, Woo SB. Oral keratosis of unknown significance shares genomic overlap with oral dysplasia. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1707-1714. [PMID: 31295753 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify molecular characteristics of keratosis of unknown significance and to nominate pathways of molecular progression to oral cancer. Our work could provide a rationale for monitoring and treating these lesions definitively. METHODS Patients with oral leukoplakia were eligible for our prospective observational study. We correlated alterations in cancer-associated genes with clinical and histopathologic variables (keratosis of unknown significance vs. moderate-to-severe dysplasia) and compared these alterations to a previously molecularly characterized oral cancer population. RESULTS Of 20 enrolled patients, 13 (65%) had evidence of keratosis of unknown significance, while seven (35%) had dysplasia. Nine patients (45%) developed oral cancer (4/13 with keratosis of unknown significance, 5/7 with dysplasia). At a median follow-up of 67 (range 22-144) months, median overall survival was significantly shorter for patients with dysplasia (hazard ratio 0.11, p = .02). KMT2C and TP53 alterations were most frequent (75% and 35%, respectively). There were molecular similarities between keratosis of unknown significance and dysplasia patients, with no significant differences in mutational frequency among genes with ≥15% rate of alteration. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with leukoplakia, both patients with keratosis of unknown significance and patients with dysplasia developed oral cancer. Molecular alterations between these two groups were similar at this sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Villa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn J Hanna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alec Kacew
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Frustino
- Division of Oral Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Department of Dentistry, Erie County Medical Center Corporation (ECMC), Buffalo, New York
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sook-Bin Woo
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chaudhari NT, Tupkari JV, Joy T, Ahire MS. Human MutL homolog 1 immunoexpression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective study in Indian population. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 20:453-461. [PMID: 27721611 PMCID: PMC5051294 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.190948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian mismatch repair system is responsible for maintaining genomic stability during repeated duplications, and human MutL homolog 1 (hMLH1) protein constitutes an important part of it. Various isolated studies have reported the altered expression of hMLH1 in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Research is lacking in the quantitative estimation and comparison of hMLH1 expression in OL and OSCC. AIMS To evaluate, quantify and compare hMLH1 immunoexpression in normal oral mucosa, OL and OSCC. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Thirty patients of OL and thirty patients of OSCC formed the study group and thirty patients were included in the control group (normal oral mucosa). Formalin-fixed paraffin wax blocks were prepared from the tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry for hMLH1 was performed, and the total number of positive cells was counted in high-power fields, and based on that percentage positivity of hMLH1 was calculated in all the cases. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Kruskal-Wallis and t-test were used. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The mean hMLH1 value in control group, leukoplakia and OSCC was 78.26, 54.33 and 40.97 respectively. hMLH1 immunoexpression showed decreasing indexes from control group to leukoplakia and then further to OSCC. hMLH1 expression was significantly lower in OSCC as compared to leukoplakia. There was no significant correlation of mean hMLH1 expression between different clinical and histopathological stages of leukoplakia and OSCC. CONCLUSIONS hMLH1 immunoexpression was inversely related to the degree of dysplasia. These findings suggest that there is a progressive decrease in hMLH1 expression from control to leukoplakia and further to OSCC. Thus, it can be concluded that hMLH1 can be used as a reliable biomarker for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra T Chaudhari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagdish V Tupkari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tabita Joy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manisha S Ahire
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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MutSα and MutLα immunoexpression analysis in diagnostic grading of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 119:74-82. [PMID: 25446502 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in a range of oral biopsies. We further evaluated the significance of MMR protein expression combined with basic demographic data in differentiating grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical expression of MutSα (hMLH1 and hPMS2) and MutLα (hMSH2 and hMSH6) were compared in 98 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded oral biopsies: 21 normal, 24 mild-dysplasia (MD), 8 moderate-to-severe-dysplasia (SD), and 45 OSCC. RESULTS Expression of hMLH1, hPMS2, and hMSH2 was reduced in MD, SD, and OSCC compared with the normal. Reduced hMSH2 immunoreactivity discriminated poorly differentiated OSCC from well-differentiated OSCC. The diagnostic model correctly classified 71.4% of cases and revealed that hPMS2-negative biopsies were more likely to be cancerous (odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.000-0.813; P = .040). CONCLUSION The results suggested a diagnostic role for MMR proteins in OED and OSCC.
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Intarasunanont P, Navasumrit P, Waraprasit S, Chaisatra K, Suk WA, Mahidol C, Ruchirawat M. Effects of arsenic exposure on DNA methylation in cord blood samples from newborn babies and in a human lymphoblast cell line. Environ Health 2012; 11:31. [PMID: 22551203 PMCID: PMC3506565 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that in utero exposure to arsenic is associated with congenital defects and long-term disease consequences including cancers. Recent studies suggest that arsenic carcinogenesis results from epigenetic changes, particularly in DNA methylation. This study aimed to investigate DNA methylation changes as a result of arsenic exposure in utero and in vitro. METHODS For the exposure in utero study, a total of seventy-one newborns (fifty-five arsenic-exposed and sixteen unexposed newborns) were recruited. Arsenic concentrations in the drinking water were measured, and exposure in newborns was assessed by measurement of arsenic concentrations in cord blood, nails and hair by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In the in vitro study, human lymphoblasts were treated with arsenite at 0-100 μM for two, four and eight hours (short-term) and at 0, 0.5 and 1.0 μM for eight-weeks period (long-term). DNA methylation was analyzed in cord blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts treated with arsenite in vitro. Global DNA methylation was determined as LINE-1 methylation using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and total 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5MedC) content which was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Methylation of p53 was determined at the promoter region using methylation-specific restriction endonuclease digestion with MspI and HpaII. RESULTS Results showed that arsenic-exposed newborns had significantly higher levels of arsenic in cord blood, fingernails, toenails and hair than those of the unexposed subjects and a slight increase in promoter methylation of p53 in cord blood lymphocytes which significantly correlated with arsenic accumulation in nails (p < 0.05) was observed, while LINE-1 methylation was unchanged. Short-term in vitro arsenite treatment in lymphoblastoid cells clearly demonstrated a significant global hypomethylation, determined as reduction in LINE-1 methylation and total 5-MedC content, and p53 hypermethylation (p < 0.05). However, a slight LINE-1 hypomethylation and transient p53 promoter hypermethylation were observed following long-term in vitro treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important finding that in utero arsenic exposure affects DNA methylation, particularly at the p53 promoter region, which may be linked to the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis and the observed increased incidence of cancer later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponpat Intarasunanont
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Inter-University Post Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Inter-University Post Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchamai Waraprasit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Krittinee Chaisatra
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - William A Suk
- Center for Risk and Integrated Sciences, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Inter-University Post Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Technology and Management of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Asian Institute of Technology and Mahidol University, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Caldeira PC, Aguiar MCF, Mesquita RA, do Carmo MAV. Oral leukoplakias with different degrees of dysplasia: comparative study of hMLH1, p53, and AgNOR. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 40:305-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Caldeira PC, Abreu MHNG, Batista AC, do Carmo MAV. hMLH1 immunoexpression is related to the degree of epithelial dysplasia in oral leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:153-9. [PMID: 20969633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND hMLH1 is a protein of the mammalian mismatch repair system responsible for genomic stability during repeated duplication. Relation between its altered expression linked to microsatellite instability has also been observed in oral leukoplakias (OL) and squamous cell carcinomas pointing to a possible role of hMLH1 in oral carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the immunoexpression of hMLH1 in OLs regarding their different degrees of epithelial dysplasia. METHODS Sixty-two specimens of OL were classified in four groups: 17 without dysplasia, 19 with mild dysplasia, 16 with moderate dysplasia, and 10 with severe dysplasia. Immunohistochemistry for hMLH1 was performed, and percentage of positive cells was assessed. In the statistical analysis, P values <0.005 were considered significant. RESULTS hMLH1 immunoexpression showed decreasing indexes from lesions with lower degrees of dysplasia to lesions with more severe dysplasia. Statistical difference was found mainly between suprabasal layers and total indexes. CONCLUSIONS hMLH1 immunoexpression was inversely related to the OL degree of dysplasia. The total epithelial hMLH1 index seems to be of more clinical relevance than the evaluation stratified by layers. Our findings also suggest a role of such alterations in this pathway of DNA repair as an early event in oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carlos Caldeira
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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