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Žužul M, Lozić M, Filipović N, Čanović S, Didović Pavičić A, Petričević J, Kunac N, Šoljić V, Saraga-Babić M, Konjevoda S, Vukojevic K. The Expression of Connexin 37, 40, 43, 45 and Pannexin 1 in the Early Human Retina and Choroid Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5918. [PMID: 35682601 PMCID: PMC9180640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression pattern of Connexins (Cx) 37, 40, 43, 45 and Pannexin 1 (Pnx1) was analyzed immunohistochemically, as well as semi-quantitatively and quantitatively in histological sections of developing 8th- to 12th-week human eyes and postnatal healthy eye, in retinoblastoma and different uveal melanomas. Expressions of both Cx37 and Cx43 increased during development but diminished in the postnatal period, being higher in the retina than in the choroid. Cx37 was highly expressed in the choroid of retinoblastoma, and Cx43 in epitheloid melanoma, while they were both increasingly expressed in mixoid melanoma. In contrast, mild retinal Cx40 expression during development increased to strong in postnatal period, while it was significantly higher in the choroid of mixoid melanoma. Cx45 showed significantly higher expression in the developing retina compared to other samples, while it became low postnatally and in all types of melanoma. Pnx1 was increasingly expressed in developing choroid but became lower in the postnatal eye. It was strongly expressed in epithelial and spindle melanoma, and particularly in retinoblastoma. Our results indicate importance of Cx37 and Cx40 expression in normal and pathological vascularization, and Cx43 expression in inflammatory response. Whereas Cx45 is involved in early stages of eye development, Pnx1might influence cell metabolism. Additionally, Cx43 might be a potential biomarker of tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Žužul
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Zadar, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Ž.); (S.Č.); (A.D.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Mirela Lozić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (N.F.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (N.F.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Samir Čanović
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Zadar, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Ž.); (S.Č.); (A.D.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Ana Didović Pavičić
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Zadar, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Ž.); (S.Č.); (A.D.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Joško Petričević
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nenad Kunac
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Violeta Šoljić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (N.F.); (M.S.-B.)
| | - Suzana Konjevoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Zadar, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.Ž.); (S.Č.); (A.D.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.L.); (N.F.); (M.S.-B.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Expression Pattern of α-Tubulin, Inversin and Its Target Dishevelled-1 and Morphology of Primary Cilia in Normal Human Kidney Development and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073500. [PMID: 33800671 PMCID: PMC8037028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal expression of α-tubulin, inversin and dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) proteins associated with the Wnt-signaling pathway, and primary cilia morphology were analyzed in developing kidneys (14th–38th developmental weeks), healthy postnatal (1.5- and 7-years old) and pathologically changed human kidneys, including multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). The analysis was performed by double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, semiquantitative and statistical methods. Cytoplasmic co-expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules (pct), distal convoluted tubules (dct) and glomeruli (g) of analyzed tissues. During kidney development, the overall expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 decreased, while in the postnatal period slightly increased. The highest expressions of α-tubulin and inversin characterized dct and g, while high DVL-1 characterized pct. α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 expression pattern in MCDK, FSGS and CNF kidneys significantly differed from the healthy control. Compared to healthy kidneys, pathologically changed kidneys had dysmorphic primary cilia. Different expression dynamics of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 during kidney development could indicate that switch between the canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling is essential for normal kidney morphogenesis. In contrast, their disturbed expression in pathological kidneys might be associated with abnormal primary cilia, leading to chronic kidney diseases.
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Spatio-Temporal Expression Pattern of Ki-67, pRB, MMP-9 and Bax in Human Secondary Palate Development. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020164. [PMID: 33672637 PMCID: PMC7924200 DOI: 10.3390/life11020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, pRb, Bax, and MMP-9 during the human secondary palate formation (7th to 12th developmental weeks (DWs). The most significant proliferation was observed in the seventh DW with 32% of Ki-67-positive cells in the epithelium, while loose ectomesenchyme condensations (lec) and loose non-condensing ectomesenchyme (lnc) had only 18 and 11%, respectively (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001), and diminished afterwards. Contrarily, pRb-positive cells were mostly located in the lnc (67%), with significant difference in comparison to epithelium and lec in all investigated periods (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001). Ki-67- and pRb-positive cells co-expressed occasionally in all investigated periods. MMP-9 displayed a strong expression pattern with the highest number of positive cells during the seventh DW in the epithelium, with significant difference in comparison to lec and lnc (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.0001). The ninth DW is particularly important for the Bax expression, especially in the epithelium (84%), in comparison to lec (58%) and lnc (47%) (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001). The co-expression of Bax and MMP-9 was seen only in the epithelium during seventh and ninth DWs. Our study indicates the parallel persistence of proliferation (Ki-67, pRb) and remodeling (MMP-9) that enables growth and apoptotic activity (Bax) that enable the removal of the epithelial cells at the fusion point during secondary palate formation.
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Kosovic I, Filipovic N, Benzon B, Bocina I, Glavina Durdov M, Vukojevic K, Saraga M, Saraga-Babic M. Connexin Signaling in the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) of Developing, Postnatal Healthy and Nephrotic Human Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8349. [PMID: 33172216 PMCID: PMC7664435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study analyzed the expression pattern of different connexins (Cxs) and renin positive cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of developing, postnatal healthy human kidneys and in nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF), by using double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and statistical measuring. The JGA contained several cell types connected by Cxs, and consisting of macula densa, extraglomerular mesangium (EM) and juxtaglomerular cells (JC), which release renin involved in renin-angiotensin- aldosteron system (RAS) of arterial blood pressure control. During JGA development, strong Cx40 expression gradually decreased, while expression of Cx37, Cx43 and Cx45 increased, postnatally showing more equalized expression patterning. In parallel, initially dispersed renin cells localized to JGA, and greatly increased expression in postnatal kidneys. In CNF kidneys, increased levels of Cx43, Cx37 and Cx45 co-localized with accumulations of renin cells in JGA. Additionally, they reappeared in extraglomerular mesangial cells, indicating association between return to embryonic Cxs patterning and pathologically changed kidney tissue. Based on the described Cxs and renin expression patterning, we suggest involvement of Cx40 primarily in the formation of JGA in developing kidneys, while Cx37, Cx43 and Cx45 might participate in JGA signal transfer important for postnatal maintenance of kidney function and blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Kosovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.K.); (N.F.); (B.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.K.); (N.F.); (B.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.K.); (N.F.); (B.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Ivana Bocina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Merica Glavina Durdov
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital in Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.K.); (N.F.); (B.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Marijan Saraga
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital in Split, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (I.K.); (N.F.); (B.B.); (K.V.)
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Duplancic R, Roguljic M, Puhar I, Vecek N, Dragun R, Vukojevic K, Saraga-Babic M, Kero D. Syndecans and Enzymes for Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis and Modification Differentially Correlate With Presence of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Periodontitis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1248. [PMID: 31611818 PMCID: PMC6773826 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common degenerative disease initiated by the bacteria in subgingival biofilm. The exposure to bacterial biofilm triggers host inflammatory response whose dysregulation is ultimately responsible for the destruction of hard and soft periodontal tissues resulting in tooth loss. To date, significant effort has been invested in the research of the involvement of host cells and inflammatory mediators in regulation of inflammatory response in periodontitis. Syndecans (Sdcs) belong to a four-member family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Sdcs are compound molecules comprised of the core protein to which several heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are attached. The role of Sdcs in pathogenesis of periodontitis is poorly investigated despite the numerous reports from experimental studies about the critical involvement of these factors in modulation of various aspects of inflammatory response, such as the formation of inflammatory mediators gradients, leukocyte recruitment and extracellular matrix remodeling in resolution of inflammation. Most of these functions of Sdcs are HS-related and, thus, dependent upon the structure of HS. This, in turn, is determined by the combinatorial action of enzymes for biosynthesis and modification of HS such as exostosis (EXTs), sulfotransferases (NDSTs), and heparanase 1 (HPSE1). The data presented in this study clearly indicate that some Sdcs display different expression profiles in healthy and diseased periodontal tissue. Additionally, the differences in expression profiles of HS GAG biosynthesis and modification enzymes (EXTs, NDSTs, and HPSE1) in healthy and diseased periodontal tissue imply that changes in HS GAG content and structure might also take place during periodontitis. Most notably, expression profiles of Sdcs, EXTs, NDSTs, and HPSE1 differentially correlate with the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in healthy and diseased periodontal tissue, which might imply that these factors could also be involved in modulation of inflammatory response in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roko Duplancic
- Study Programme of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Roguljic
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Study Programme of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Puhar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nika Vecek
- Study Programme of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ruzica Dragun
- Study Programme of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Laboratory for Early Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Laboratory for Early Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Darko Kero
- Study Programme of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Laboratory for Early Human Development, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Suttorp CM, Cremers NA, van Rheden R, Regan RF, Helmich P, van Kempen S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG. Chemokine Signaling during Midline Epithelial Seam Disintegration Facilitates Palatal Fusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:94. [PMID: 29164113 PMCID: PMC5670099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disintegration of the midline epithelial seam (MES) is crucial for palatal fusion, and failure results in cleft palate. Palatal fusion and wound repair share many common signaling pathways related to epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk. We postulate that chemokine CXCL11, its receptor CXCR3, and the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase (HO), which are crucial during wound repair, also play a decisive role in MES disintegration. Fetal growth restriction and craniofacial abnormalities were present in HO-2 knockout (KO) mice without effects on palatal fusion. CXCL11 and CXCR3 were highly expressed in the disintegrating MES in both wild-type and HO-2 KO animals. Multiple apoptotic DNA fragments were present within the disintegrating MES and phagocytized by recruited CXCR3-positive wt and HO-2 KO macrophages. Macrophages located near the MES were HO-1-positive, and more HO-1-positive cells were present in HO-2 KO mice compared to wild-type. This study of embryonic and palatal development provided evidence that supports the hypothesis that the MES itself plays a prominent role in palatal fusion by orchestrating epithelial apoptosis and macrophage recruitment via CXCL11-CXCR3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan M Suttorp
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Niels A Cremers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - René van Rheden
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pia Helmich
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven van Kempen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne M Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Osaka M, Ishikawa A, Yamada S, Uwabe C, Imai H, Matsuda T, Yoneyama A, Takeda T, Takakuwa T. Positional Changes of the Ocular Organs During Craniofacial Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:2107-2114. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Osaka
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8507 Japan
| | - Aoi Ishikawa
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8507 Japan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8507 Japan
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8501 Japan
| | - Chigako Uwabe
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8501 Japan
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of InformaticsKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8501 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of InformaticsKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8501 Japan
| | - Akio Yoneyama
- Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversityKanagawa252‐0373 Japan
| | - Tohoru Takeda
- Allied Health ScienceKitasato UniversityKanagawa252‐0373 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takakuwa
- Human Health Science, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8507 Japan
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Kero D, Kalibovic Govorko D, Vukojevic K, Cubela M, Soljic V, Saraga-Babic M. Expression of cytokeratin 8, vimentin, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 during human tooth development. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:627-40. [PMID: 25120060 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal immunolocalizations of cytokeratin 8 (CK8), vimentin, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 were analyzed in ten human incisors and canine tooth germs between the 7th and 20th developmental weeks. CK8 expression was mild to moderate in the epithelial tooth parts, while it shifted from absent or mild in its mesenchymal parts, but few cells, sparsely distributed throughout the tooth germ, strongly expressed CK8. As development progressed, CK8 expression increased to strong in preameloblasts, while expression of vimentin increased to moderate in the epithelial and mesenchymal tooth parts, particularly in the dental papilla and sac. Co-expression of CK8 and vimentin was observed in some parts of the tooth germ, and was increasing in the differentiating preameloblasts and preodontoblasts. Syndecan-1 showed characteristic shift of expression from epithelial to mesenchymal tooth parts, being particularly strong in dental papilla, sac and cervical loops, while co-expression of Ki-67/syndecan-1 was strong in the dental papilla. Our study demonstrated spatio-temporal expression and restricted co-expression of the investigated markers, indicating participation of CK8 and vimentin in cell proliferation and migration, and differentiation of preodontoblasts and preameloblasts. Our data also suggest involvement of syndecan-1 in morphogenesis of the developing tooth crown and cervical loops, and together with CK8 and vimentin in differentiation of preameloblasts and preodontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kero
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
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