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Investigation of the structure–activity relationship in a series of new LVV- and VV-hemorphin-7 analogues designed as potential anticonvulsant agents. Amino Acids 2022; 54:261-275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Predictive Periodontitis: The Most Promising Salivary Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071488. [PMID: 33916672 PMCID: PMC8038382 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of tooth loss in the industrialized world is periodontitis, a bacterial anaerobic infection whose pathogenesis is characterized by composite immune response. At present, the diagnose of periodontitis is made by a complete status check of the patient’s periodontal health; full-mouth plaque score, full-mouth bleeding score, probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, recessions, mobility, and migration are evaluated in order to provides a clear picture of the periodontal conditions of a single patient. Chair-side diagnostic tests based on whole saliva could be routinely used by periodontists for a very early diagnosis of periodontitis, monitoring, prognosis, and management of periodontal patients by biomarker detection, whose diagnostic validity is related to sensitivity and specificity. Recent paper reviews and meta-analyses have focused on five promising host derived biomarkers as candidate for early diagnosis of periodontitis: MMP-8 (Metalloproteinase-8), MIP-1α (Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha), IL-1 β (Interleukin-1 beta), IL-6 (Interleukin-6), and HB (Hemoglobin), and their combinations. Chair-side Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology may soon become an important part of efforts to detect such biomarkers in saliva medium to improve worldwide periodontal health in developed nations as well as in underserved communities and poor countries. Their applications in preventive and predictive medicine is now fundamental, and is aimed at the early detection of risk factors or the presence or evolution of the disease, and in personalized medicine, which aims to identify tailor-made treatments for individual patients. The aim of the present paper is to be informative about host derived periodontal biomarkers and, in particular, we intend to report information about the most important immune response derived biomarkers and Hemoglobin as candidates to be routinely utilized in order to obtain a chair-side early diagnosis of periodontal disease.
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Potential anticonvulsant activity of novel VV-hemorphin-7 analogues containing unnatural amino acids: synthesis and characterization. Amino Acids 2020; 52:567-585. [PMID: 32206933 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, some new analogues of VV-hemorphin-7, modified at position 4 and 7 by the unnatural amino acids followed the structure Val-Val-Tyr-Xxx-Trp-Thr-Yyy-Arg-Phe-NH2, where Xxx is Ac5c (1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid) or Ac6c (1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid) and Yyy is Dap (diaminopropanoic acid) or Dab (diaminobutanoic acid), were synthesized, characterized and investigated for anticonvulsant activity. The new synthetic peptide analogues were prepared by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc chemistry. A single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection at doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/10 µl, respectively, was given before evaluation with timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (ivPTZ) infusion test and 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test in mice. The acute neurological toxicity was determined using the rotarod test. To explain the structure-active properties of the modified peptides, some physicochemical characteristic was obtained. The FT-IR spectra and their second derivatives of the amide I, II, and III bands of the peptides show ß-sheet structure conformation. The calculation of isoelectric points, by potentiometric determination of dissociated constants, is in the range from 9.79 to 10.84. This study, for the first time, also reported on the reduction-oxidative potentials of the guanidine at Arg-moiety on such kind of peptides containing arginine and tyrosine residues in different medium and electrode surface. The VV-hemorphin-7 analogues 4 and 5 were the most active against the ivPTZ test, with the effect comparable to that of peptide 1 used as a positive control. Except compound 8, all other tested peptide analogues were ineffective to raise the threshold for the clonic seizures. The peptide analogue 5 showed 100% protection in the 6-Hz test, while the other seven VV-hemorphin-7 analogues have dose-dependent activity against psychomotor seizures comparable to 1. The novel peptides did not show neurotoxicity in the rotarod test.
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4
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Todorov P, Peneva P, Tchekalarova J, Rangelov M, Georgieva S, Todorova N. Synthesis, characterization and anticonvulsant activity of new series of N-modified analogues of VV-hemorphin-5 with aminophosphonate moiety. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1527-1545. [PMID: 31576456 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of N-modified analogues of the VV-hemorphin-5 with aminophosphonate moiety have been synthesized, characterized and investigated for anticonvulsant activity. The novel peptide analogues were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc-strategy and were evaluated in the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole infusion test (ivPTZ) and 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test in mice. The acute neurological toxicity was determined using the rotarod test. The redox potentials at glass carbonic electrode (GC) and the acid/base properties as pKa values of these peptide analogues were compared with the electrochemical behaviour of tyrosine- and tryptophan-containing peptides using different voltamperometric modes. Among the five tested peptide analogues, V3p was the most active against the ivPTZ test with effect comparable to that of the VV-hemorphin-5 (V1) used as a positive control. Dose-dependent elevation of the seizure threshold for myoclonic twitch and generalized clonic seizures was observed after i.c.v. administration of V2p, V4p and V5p as well as for forelimbs tonus in V4p peptides. The peptide analogues V2p-V5p were able to suppress dose-dependent psychomotor seizures in the 6-Hz test. In contrast, the V6p peptide showed either a pro-convulsant effect in the iv PTZ test or was inactive in the 6-Hz test. No changes in motor coordination were noted with the novel peptides. Docking study results suggest that kappa opioid receptor binding could be the mechanism of action of peptide derivatives with anticonvulsant activity. The results suggest that incorporation of aminophosphonate moiety at position 1 of the VV-hemorphin-5 scaffold deserve further evaluation in models of epilepsy and derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Todorov P, Rangelov M, Peneva P, Todorova N, Tchekalarova J. Anticonvulsant evaluation and docking analysis of VV-Hemorphin-5 analogues. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:425-437. [PMID: 30681179 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
VV-Hemorphin-5 is an endogenous opioid peptide of the Hemorphin family with affinity at opioid receptors. A series of C-amide analogues have been synthesized, based on the structure of VV-Hemorphin-5, modified at position 1 and 7 by the un/natural amino acids (Aa8-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-NH2 and Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Aa1-NH2 ) using SPPS, Fmoc-chemistry. The peptide derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity in three acute seizure tests in male ICR mice, the maximal electroshock (MES), the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure test, and the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (ivPTZ) infusion test. Their neurotoxicity was assessed in the rotarod test. Among the tested peptide analogues, V4 showed anticonvulsant activity in the three seizure tests that was comparable to the VV-Hemorphin-5 (V1) used as a positive control. While V5, V6, and V7 peptide derivatives exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the MES and 6 Hz test, they were inactive (V7) or showed pro-convulsant effect (V5 and V6) in the i.v. PTZ test. At a dose of 10 μg/mouse the peptide V2 was effective against clonic seizures induced by PTZ. Motor coordination was not affected by newly developed analogues of VV-Hemorphin-5. Docking study results suggest that kappa opioid receptor binding could be the mechanism of action of peptide derivatives with anticonvulsant activity. The results suggest that incorporation of nonproteinogenic and/or natural amino acids at position 1 and 7 of the VV-Hemorphin-5 scaffold deserve further evaluation in models of epilepsy and derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Laboratory Chemistry and Biophysics of Proteins and Enzymes, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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6
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Karhu T, Akiyama K, Vuolteenaho O, Bergmann U, Naito T, Tatemoto K, Herzig KH. Isolation of new ligands for orphan receptor MRGPRX1-hemorphins LVV-H7 and VV-H7. Peptides 2017; 96:61-66. [PMID: 28867075 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is a member of the GPCR family. The receptor is primate specific and expressed in the sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion, where it is considered to be involved in the pain perception. The MRGPRX1 has unusual binding mechanism, as it is activated by several different ligands as well as several different fragments of precursor proteins. Thus, we hypothesize that it is activated by several unknown compounds as well since the receptor is still classified as orphan. Here, we describe the isolation of two novel endogenous ligands for the MRGPRX1 from human platelet preparation. The isolated ligands are hemoglobin β-chain fragments, known members of the hemorphin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - K Akiyama
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - O Vuolteenaho
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - U Bergmann
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Naito
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan; Research Institute of Natural-Drug Leads, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Tatemoto
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - K-H Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Medical Research Center (MRC) and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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7
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Ito H, Numabe Y, Hashimoto S, Sekino S, Murakashi E, Ishiguro H, Sasaki D, Yaegashi T, Takai H, Mezawa M, Ogata Y, Watanabe H, Hagiwara S, Izumi Y, Hiroshima Y, Kido JI, Nagata T, Kunimatsu K. Correlation Between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Hemoglobin Content and Periodontal Clinical Parameters. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1314-1319. [PMID: 27468797 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are essential clinical parameters used for periodontal diagnosis. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), along with PD and BOP, would improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS After plaque index (PI) was measured, GCF was collected from the gingival sulci of 401 anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible from 184 patients who had entered periodontal maintenance therapy. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], PD, clinical attachment level [CAL], and BOP) were recorded. Hb values in GCF were assessed by immunochromatography. Moreover, cutoff values for PI, GI, and CAL based on the degree of PD and amount of GCF were created and analyzed. RESULTS Hb was detected in 64.8% of GCF samples in 105 BOP-negative (-) sites in the periodontally stable group out of 107 sites that were less than all cutoff values. There were 71 BOP(-) sites in the periodontal-management-required group out of 122 sites that were more than all cutoff values, although no improvement in periodontal disease was observed. Hb was detected in 88.7% of GCF samples from these 71 BOP(-) sites. CONCLUSIONS Hb was observed in more than 60% of GCF samples in BOP(-) gingival sulci in both periodontally stable and periodontal-management-required groups. These results suggest inspection of Hb derived from microbleeding in gingival sulci may serve as an index for preclinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sekino
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Murakashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ishiguro
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaegashi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hideki Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Mezawa
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Watanabe
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Hagiwara
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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8
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Ribeiro NM, Toniolo EF, Castro LM, Russo LC, Rioli V, Ferro ES, Dale CS. AGH is a new hemoglobin alpha-chain fragment with antinociceptive activity. Peptides 2013; 48:10-20. [PMID: 23911313 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Limited proteolysis of certain proteins leads to the release of endogenous bioactive peptides. Hemoglobin-derived peptides such as hemorphins and hemopressins are examples of intracellular protein-derived peptides that have antinociceptive effects by modulating G-protein coupled receptors activities. In the present study, a previously characterized substrate capture assay that uses a catalytically inactive form of the thimet oligopeptidase was combined with isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry in order to identify new bioactive peptides. Indeed, we have identified the peptide AGHLDDLPGALSAL (AGH), a fragment of the hemoglobin alpha-chain, which specifically bind to the inactive thimet oligopeptidase in the substrate capture assay. Previous peptidomics studies have identified the AGH as well as many other natural peptides derived from hemoglobin alpha-chain containing this sequence, further suggesting that AGH is a natural endogenous peptide. Pharmacological assays suggest that AGH inhibits peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesic responses through indirect activation of mu opioid receptors, without having a central nervous system activity. Therefore, we have successfully used the substrate capture assay to identify a new endogenous bioactive peptide derived from hemoglobin alpha-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, S435, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil.
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9
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Bostanci N, Ramberg P, Wahlander Å, Grossman J, Jönsson D, Barnes VM, Papapanou PN. Label-free quantitative proteomics reveals differentially regulated proteins in experimental gingivitis. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:657-78. [PMID: 23244068 DOI: 10.1021/pr300761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the sequential protein expression in gingival crevicular fluid samples during the induction (I) and resolution (R) of experimental gingivitis. Periodontally and systemically healthy volunteers (n = 20) participated in a three-week experimental gingivitis protocol, followed by debridement and two weeks of regular plaque control. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline, Day 7, 14, and 21 (induction; I-phase), and at Day 21, 25, 30, and 35 (resolution; R-phase). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for label-free quantitative proteomics was applied. A total of 287 proteins were identified including 254 human, 14 bacterial, 12 fungal, and 7 yeast proteins. Ontology analysis revealed proteins primarily involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements, immune response, antimicrobial function, protein degradation, and DNA binding. There was considerable variation in the number of proteins identified, both among subjects and within subjects across time points. After pooling of samples between subjects at each time point, the levels of 59 proteins in the I-phase and 73 proteins in the R-phase were quantified longitudinally. Our data demonstrate that LC-MS/MS label-free quantitative proteomics is valuable in the assessment of the protein content of the GCF and can facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction and resolution of plaque-induced gingival inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Ngo LH, Veith PD, Chen YY, Chen D, Darby IB, Reynolds EC. Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Peptides and Proteins in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1683-93. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900775s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luan H. Ngo
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul D. Veith
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu-Yen Chen
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dina Chen
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ivan B. Darby
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Murillo L, Piot JM, Coitoux C, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. Brain processing of hemorphin-7 peptides in various subcellular fractions from rats. Peptides 2006; 27:3331-40. [PMID: 17097762 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemorphins are multifunctional peptides derived from hemoglobin or blood processing. They have been found at high levels within the central nervous system where they have a direct effect on neuronal cells via peptidergic receptors. As relatively few studies have examined their metabolic stability in the brain, such investigation was performed to locate the cellular distribution of enzymatic activity against these peptides. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) allows identification of degradation products resulting from incubation of hemorphin-7 peptides (LVV-hemorphin-7, VV-hemorphin-7 and hemorphin-7) with subcellular fractions isolated from rat brain tissue. Metabolic activities were found against the three peptides in brain homogenate and subcellular fractions with the highest metabolic activity (<3% peptide remaining after 10 min) observed in the microsomal fraction which processed hemorphin-7 peptides mainly into N-terminal fragments (giving LVVH5) suggesting action of brain-membrane enzymes with C-terminal specificity. Incubation of the ACE inhibitor captopril (0.2 microM) with microsomal fraction, together with LVVH7, decreased the processing of LVVH7 to form LVVH5 by 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Murillo
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et de Chimie Biorganique (LBCB), FRE-CNRS 2766-Bât Marie-Curie, Av. Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 1, France
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Armitage
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Cohen M, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Piot JM. Hemorphins: substrates and/or inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Biochimie 2004; 86:31-7. [PMID: 14987798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemorphins are endogenous peptides belonging to the family of "atypical" opioid peptides released from sequentially hydrolyzed hemoglobin. In this paper, we report an inhibitory effect of these peptides on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity, known to be involved in regulatory functions such as the activation or inactivation of peptides. The structure activity research revealed that hemorphins N-terminus sequence influences nature of the interaction between hemorphins and DPPIV. Kinetic studies conducted with purified DPPIV demonstrated that hemorphin-7 (H7) constitutes a good substrate (K(cat)/K(m) of 137 mM(-1) s(-1)) for this enzyme but could also act as a selective competitive inhibitor by substrate binding site competition. These blood-derived peptides could represent endogenous regulators of this enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohen
- Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, EA3169, Bâtiment Marie-Curie, avenue Michel-Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle cedex 1, France
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14
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Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Cohen M, Coitoux C, Piot JM. In vitro metabolism of LVV-Hemorphin-7 by renal cytosol and purified prolyl endopeptidase. Peptides 2003; 24:1201-6. [PMID: 14612192 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of LVVH7, an endogenous peptide obtained by cathepsin D hydrolysis of the beta chain of hemoglobin, was studied, in vitro, in the presence of cytosol of rat kidney and compared with angiotensin IV. High metabolic activity was found against these two peptides (half life time < 2 min) in this subcellular fraction. The main products of LVVH7 metabolism by renal cytosol are VVH7, H7 and LVVH6 suggesting both aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase activities. The use of PEP inhibitor in kidney cytosol permitted to demonstrate the major role of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) in LVVH7 degradation. This fact was reinforced by a kinetic study investigated with purified enzyme (Km/Vmax about 238 mM-1 s-1 and close to that observed for angiotensin related peptides).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fruitier-Arnaudin
- Universite de la Rochelle Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pole Sciences, EA3169, Bâtiment Marie Curie, Avenue Michel Crépeau, La Rochelle Cedex1 17042, France.
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15
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Cohen M, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Garreau-Balandier I, Piot J. Microplate assay for determination of cathepsin D activity based on quantification of a specific and stable peptide released from hemoglobin: VV-hemorphin-7. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Cohen M, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Garreau-Balandier I, Piot J. Quantification of hemorphin-7 peptides by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with secondary antibody. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ivanov VT, Karelin AA, Philippova MM, Nazimov IV, Pletnev VZ. Hemoglobin as a source of endogenous bioactive peptides: the concept of tissue-specific peptide pool. Biopolymers 2000; 43:171-88. [PMID: 9216253 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(1997)43:2<171::aid-bip10>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scattered literature data on biologically active hemoglobin-derived peptides are collected in the form of tables. Respective structure-functional correlations are analyzed and the general conclusion is reached that hemoglobin fragments must have a profound physiological function. Evidence is presented that generation of hemoglobin fragments starts inside the erythrocytes. At that stage alpha- and beta-globin chains of hemoglobin predominantly give rise to relatively long peptides containing ca. 30 amino acid residues. The primary proteolysis is followed by the next degradation step coupled with excretion of newly formed shorter peptides form red blood cells. Both the primary and the secondary proteolysis products are subjected to further stepwise C- and N-terminal chain shortening, giving rise to families of closely related peptides that are actually found in animal tissue extracts. The possible sites of primary proteolysis are compared with the positions of the exposed secondary structure elements within the monomeric alpha- and beta-globins as well as the tetrameric hemoglobin. Two tentative schemes are proposed for hemoglobin degradation, one of which starts at the globin loops exposed on the surface of the tetramer and the other, at monomeric globins where more sites are available for the action of proteases. The concept of a "tissue-specific peptide pool" is formulated, describing a novel system of peptidergic regulation, complementary to the conventional hormonal and neuromodulatory systems. According to that description, hemoglobin is only a single example, although an important one, of a vast number of functional proteins providing their proteolytically derived fragments for maintaining the tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Karelin AA, Philippova MM, Karelina EV, Strizhkov BN, Grishina GA, Nazimov IV, Ivanov VT. Peptides from bovine brain: structure and biological role. J Pept Sci 1998; 4:211-25. [PMID: 9643629 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199805)4:3<211::aid-psc138>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fractionation of bovine brain extracts followed by automatic Edman sequencing of individual components resulted in identification of 107 endogenous peptides formed from functional proteins (haemoglobin, myelin basic protein, cytochrome c oxidase, etc) or unknown precursors. Several of the newly identified brain peptides demonstrate different types of biological activity; some of the substances show considerable overlap with the known biologically active peptides. It is suggested that these peptides should participate in regulation of extracellular and intracellular biochemical processes. A concept of 'tissue-specific peptide pool' is formulated describing a novel system of peptidergic regulation, complementary to the conventional hormonal and neuromodulatory systems. According to that description functional proteins provide their proteolytically derived fragments for maintaining the tissue homeostasis by modulating the availability of peptide receptors to respective 'true' ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Karelin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Moisan S, Harvey N, Beaudry G, Forzani P, Burhop KE, Drapeau G, Rioux F. Structural requirements and mechanism of the pressor activity of Leu-Val-Val-hemorphin-7, a fragment of hemoglobin beta-chain in rats. Peptides 1998; 19:119-31. [PMID: 9437744 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rat blood pressure assay was used to perform a structure-activity relationship study (SAR) of Leu-Val-Val-hemorphin-7 (LVV-H7), a fragment of hemoglobin (Hb) beta-chain, elucidate the mechanisms of its cardiovascular effects, and test its potential involvement in the pressor activity of diaspirin crosslinked Hb (DCLHb), a recently developed Hb-based oxygen carrier. The SAR study revealed that the C-terminal-Arg-Phe-amino acid sequence of LVV-H7 contained the main determinants of the pressor activity of this peptide. Drug interaction studies using various inhibitory drugs (e.g., phentolamine, clonidine, etc.) and LVV-H7 showed that the pressor effect and tachycardia elicited by LVV-H7 involved the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Additional studies using phenytoin (sodium channel blocker), [Tic7]H7(5-7)-NH2 (putative antagonist of receptors for LVV-H7) and H7(5-7)-NH2, an amidated C-terminal fragment of LVV-H7, suggested that LVV-H7 activated the SNS by interacting with specific receptors functionally coupled with phenytoin-sensitive sodium channels. The pressor effect and tachycardia caused by LVV-H7 were potentiated by captopril, suggesting that the angiotensin converting enzyme may contribute to the inactivation of LVV-H7 in rats. The pressor activity of DCLHb, in contrast to that elicited by LVV-H7, was not affected by animal pretreatment with LVV-H7 fragments shown to inhibit the pressor effect of LVV-H7. We conclude that: 1) LVV-H7 is unlikely to mediate the pressor activity of DCLHb in rats; 2) the pressor and tachycardic activities of LVV-H7 are mediated by the SNS; 3) the C-terminal-Arg-Phe-amino acid sequence of LVV-H7 contains the chemical groups responsible for the pressor effect of this peptide in rats; 4) LVV-H7 and FMRF amide-related peptides may share the same mechanism of pressor activity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moisan
- Research Center (Laval University), Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Canada
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