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Harris DM, Sulewski JG. Photoinactivation and Photoablation of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1160. [PMID: 37764967 PMCID: PMC10535405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of phototherapy target human pathogens and Porphyromonas gingivitis (Pg) in particular. The various approaches can be organized into five different treatment modes sorted by different power densities, interaction times, effective wavelengths and mechanisms of action. Mode 1: antimicrobial ultraviolet (aUV); mode 2: antimicrobial blue light (aBL); mode 3: antimicrobial selective photothermolysis (aSP); mode 4: antimicrobial vaporization; mode 5: antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This report reviews the literature to identify for each mode (a) the putative molecular mechanism of action; (b) the effective wavelength range and penetration depth; (c) selectivity; (d) in vitro outcomes; and (e) clinical trial/study outcomes as these elements apply to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). The characteristics of each mode influence how each is translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Harris
- Bio-Medical Consultants, Inc., Canandaigua, NY 14424, USA
- Department of Periodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - John G. Sulewski
- Institute for Advanced Dental Technologies, Huntington Woods, MI 48070, USA
- Millennium Dental Technologies, Inc., Cerritos, CA 90703, USA
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Guan H, Zhang D, Ma X, Lu Y, Dong J, Niu Y, Liu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Tang J. Efficacy and safety of CO 2 laser in the treatment of chronic wounds: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Trial. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:490-501. [PMID: 34778981 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treating chronic cutaneous wounds is challenging, and debridement is a central concept in treating them. Studies have shown that CO2 laser debridement can control local infection and promote the wound healing process. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of fully ablative CO2 laser debridement compared to routine surgical debridement in the treatment of chronic wounds. METHODS The retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with chronic (>1 month) cutaneous wounds (≥1 cm2 ) between December 1, 2017, and December 1, 2020, in the Wound Healing Center at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, China. Patients treated with CO2 laser debridement with a DEKA SmartXide2 C80 (DEKA) (the CO2 laser group) were compared with matched control patients with similar baseline characteristics who had undergone routine surgical debridement (the routine group). The primary outcome was time-to-heal (days) for chronic wounds in two groups, and secondary outcomes included the wound area and BWAT (Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool) score before treatment, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS The study included 164 patients (82 in the CO2 laser group and 82 matched in the routine group). The time-to-heal for patients in the CO2 laser group (41.30 ± 17.11) was significantly shorter than that of the patients in the routine group (48.51 ± 24.32) (p = 0.015). At 3 and 4 weeks after treatment, the absolute wound area of the CO2 laser group was significantly smaller than that of the routine group. Also, the CO2 laser group exhibited a significantly lower relative area at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after treatment. The CO2 laser group yielded significantly lower BWAT scores at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after treatment. Additionally, the relative BWAT score was significantly lower in the CO2 laser group than the relative scores in the routine group at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after treatment. No adverse events related to the treatments were observed in either group during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The present study has shown that fully ablative CO2 laser debridement has several advantages over routine sharp surgical debridement. It is superior at ameliorating wound status and reducing wound area, and it also significantly reduces the time-to-heal for chronic wounds, without causing any adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Guan
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Ma
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechen Lu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Niu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Fengxian District Center Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Causes of the progression of periodontitis such as an imbalance between the immune response by the host by the release of inflammatory mediators in the response of the oral pathogenic dysbiotic biofilm have been identified. New insights on specific cell signaling pathways that appear during periodontitis have attracted the attention of researchers in the study of new personalised approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. The gold standard of non-surgical therapy of periodontitis involves the removal of supra and subgingival biofilm through professional scaling and root planing (SRP) and oral hygiene instructions. In order to improve periodontal clinical outcomes and overcome the limitations of traditional SRP, additional adjuvants have been developed in recent decades, including local or systemic antibiotics, antiseptics, probiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive drugs and host modulation therapies. This review is aimed to update the current and recent evolution of therapies of management of periodontitis based on the adjunctive and target therapies. Moreover, we discuss the advances in host modulation of periodontitis and the impact of targeting epigenetic mechanisms approaches for a personalised therapeutic success in the management of periodontitis. In conclusion, the future goal in periodontology will be to combine and personalise the periodontal treatments to the colonising microbial profile and to the specific response of the individual patient.
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Kayar NA, Hatipoğlu M. Can We Determine an Appropriate Timing to Avoid Thermal Pulp Hazard During Gingivectomy Procedure? An In Vitro Study with Diode Laser. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:94-99. [PMID: 32898459 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Diode laser (DL) is a frequently preferred tool for soft tissue incision and ablation in oral surgery. The aim of this study was to find the most effective irradiation time protocol to avoid potential harmful temperature rise in pulp during DL-assisted gingivectomy. Materials and methods: Ninety human freshly extracted teeth (30 anterior, 30 premolar, and 30 molar) were irradiated using a 940 nm DL with power output of 1 and 2 W and exposure time of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 sec per specimen. Intrapulpal temperature was evaluated with thermocouple. Additionally, the effect of dark deposits on root surface for intrapulpal temperature rise was investigated. Temperature differences with every 10 sec were evaluated for three different teeth types, and statistical analyses were performed. Results: Anterior and premolar teeth exceeded the threshold values earlier than molar teeth for both 1 and 2 W. Despite the significant differences among the types of teeth, at 10 sec, temperature rise recorded for all types of teeth was below the critical value of 5.6°C, which cause pulp damage. Dark deposits on teeth surface boosted thermal effect of DLs (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Gingivectomy with DLs at 1 W on anterior, premolar, and molar teeth for 20, 40, and 60 sec, respectively, generates acceptable temperature rise; however, it should be <10, 20, and 40 sec at 2 W, respectively. Especially in the anterior teeth, DLs should be performed with caution to avoid pulp damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezahat Arzu Kayar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Jiang B, Tang R, Zheng D, Yang Y, Li Y, Yang R, Liu L, Yan H. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ultrapulsed CO 2 Laser in Chronic Wounds. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:443-449. [PMID: 32548904 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic wound repair is a major problem in wound treatment. Recently, several studies have suggested that carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser can be used to improve the healing of chronic wounds. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily investigate the efficacy of laser debridement in treating chronic wound through a comparison of traditional instrument/surgical debridement with the ultrapulsed CO2 laser debridement in terms of wound healing, wound infection control, and wound blood perfusion. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with chronic wound admitted to the Wound Repair Clinic at The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Luzhou, China) between February 2019 and May 2019 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in one group were treated with traditional sharp instrument/surgical debridement (RT group; number of wounds: 28), while the patients in the other group were treated with ultrapulsed CO2 laser debridement (LT group; number of wounds: 26). An intergroup comparison was performed based on parameters, such as wound healing, wound infection control, and changes in wound blood perfusion. RESULTS The wound healing rate and the total time to achieve healing were significantly better in the LT group versus the RT group at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. The wound exudation scores were significantly higher in the LT group versus the RT group at 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment. The positive rate of pre-debridement bacterial culture was significantly lower in the LT group versus the RD group at 14 and 28 days after treatment. The percentage of wound perfusion/normal periwound skin perfusion was significantly higher in the LT group versus the RT group at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment. CONCLUSION For the treatment of chronic refractory wounds, the ultrapulsed CO2 laser exhibits higher accuracy, more effectively controls wound infection, promotes an increase in wound blood perfusion, and achieves faster wound healing compared with traditional sharp instrument/surgical debridement. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Danyu Zheng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ruxi Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ligang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Er:YAG Laser Irradiation Reduces Microbial Viability When Used in Combination with Irrigation with Sodium Hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, and Hydrogen Peroxide. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120612. [PMID: 31775309 PMCID: PMC6955693 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser is used to treat periodontal disease; however, its effectiveness at killing oral bacteria is not well known. Furthermore, the compounding effect of the combination of a laser treatment and irrigation methods with antimicrobials on bacterial viability is yet to be determined. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser with irrigation using chlorhexidine (CHX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the viability of oral bacteria. Three bacterial species were used in our study: Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bacteria were grown in an anaerobic chamber in brain heart infusion broth and incubated at 37 °C. Bacterial samples with an OD of 0.5 were irradiated with the Er:YAG laser at 2940 nm using a 400-µm Varian tip. The experiment was repeated four times using these parameters: 40 mJ, 40 Hz, and 1.6 W for 20 seconds with the 300 µs short pulse duration in contact mode. Treatment groups consisted of the following: (1) no treatment, (2) 0.5% H2O2 alone, (3) 0.5% NaOCl alone, (4) 0.03% CHX alone, (5) Er:YAG irradiation alone, (6) Er:YAG irradiation with 0.5% H2O2, (7) Er:YAG irradiation with 0.5% NaOCl, and (8) Er:YAG irradiation with 0.03% CHX. Microbial viability was determined through plating and colony counts and calculated into CFU/ml. Statistical analysis was done using a two-tailed paired t-test. The use of the Er:YAG laser alone failed to show statistically significant antibacterial activity against any of bacteria. The most effective mono-treatment with irrigation solutions for all three bacteria were 0.5% H2O2 and 0.5% NaOCl (p < 0.001 for each solution). Irrigation with 0.03% CHX was most effective against F. nucleatum (p < 0.01) and less against P. gingivalis and S. gordonii and showed the least antibacterial action alone but improved significantly in combination therapy (p < 0.05). The combined treatment with the Er:YAG showed the greatest and most significant improvement in the reduction of bacterial viability compared to any other treatment group (p < 0.05 for each combined treatment). Irradiation with the Er:YAG laser with the addition of 0.5% H2O2, 0.5% NaOCl, or 0.03% CHX under a short working time (20 s) resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial viability for all three bacterial species compared with any single treatment option. The combination of irradiation with the Er:YAG laser with the addition of 0.5% H2O2, 0.5% NaOCl, or 0.03% CHX resulted in a larger reduction of bacterial survival when compared to monotherapies with antimicrobial solutions or laser. The combination of the Er:YAG laser with a low concentration irrigant solution of 0.5% H2O2, 0.5% NaOCl, or 0.03% CHX could be an effective treatment protocol for the reduction of periodontal pathogens and thus suitable treatment for non-surgical periodontal therapy.
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Everett JD, Rossmann JA, Kerns DG, Al-Hashimi I. Laser Assisted Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Open Dent J 2017; 11:79-90. [PMID: 28357001 PMCID: PMC5345326 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine potential benefits of using laser therapy for secular decontamination in conjunction with scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The study was performed on 173 teeth in 14 patients in a split-mouth design, one side received scaling and root planing followed by laser therapy using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser with an ablative handpiece (test group); the contralateral side received scaling and root planing without laser (control group). Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated prior to treatment and at 3 and 6 months following therapy; clinical measurements were performed by two blinded examiners. The clinical parameters included measurement of gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), furcation involvement (FUR), and tooth mobility (MOB). Laboratory testing to determine the levels of periodontal pathogens was performed using PCR techniques. The results of the study revealed statistically significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters at 3 and 6 months after therapy for both test and control groups, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups. However, sites receiving laser therapy tended to show a greater decrease in probing depths, gain in clinical attachment level, and reduced bacterial levels. In conclusion, the overall results of the study suggest a potential benefit of using laser therapy in conjunction with scaling and root planing for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Everett
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Rossmann
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - David G. Kerns
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Ibtisam Al-Hashimi
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Aoki A, Mizutani K, Schwarz F, Sculean A, Yukna RA, Takasaki AA, Romanos GE, Taniguchi Y, Sasaki KM, Zeredo JL, Koshy G, Coluzzi DJ, White JM, Abiko Y, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. Periodontal and peri-implant wound healing following laser therapy. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:217-69. [PMID: 25867988 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Laser irradiation has numerous favorable characteristics, such as ablation or vaporization, hemostasis, biostimulation (photobiomodulation) and microbial inhibition and destruction, which induce various beneficial therapeutic effects and biological responses. Therefore, the use of lasers is considered effective and suitable for treating a variety of inflammatory and infectious oral conditions. The CO2 , neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) and diode lasers have mainly been used for periodontal soft-tissue management. With development of the erbium-doped yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, which can be applied not only on soft tissues but also on dental hard tissues, the application of lasers dramatically expanded from periodontal soft-tissue management to hard-tissue treatment. Currently, various periodontal tissues (such as gingiva, tooth roots and bone tissue), as well as titanium implant surfaces, can be treated with lasers, and a variety of dental laser systems are being employed for the management of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. In periodontics, mechanical therapy has conventionally been the mainstream of treatment; however, complete bacterial eradication and/or optimal wound healing may not be necessarily achieved with conventional mechanical therapy alone. Consequently, in addition to chemotherapy consisting of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, phototherapy using lasers and light-emitting diodes has been gradually integrated with mechanical therapy to enhance subsequent wound healing by achieving thorough debridement, decontamination and tissue stimulation. With increasing evidence of benefits, therapies with low- and high-level lasers play an important role in wound healing/tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This article discusses the outcomes of laser therapy in soft-tissue management, periodontal nonsurgical and surgical treatment, osseous surgery and peri-implant treatment, focusing on postoperative wound healing of periodontal and peri-implant tissues, based on scientific evidence from currently available basic and clinical studies, as well as on case reports.
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Harris DM, Jacques SL, Darveau R. The Black Bug Myth: Selective photodestruction of pigmented pathogens. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:706-14. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Harris
- Biomedical Consultants; Inc., Paradise; California 95969
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Steven L. Jacques
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Dermatology; Oregon Health and Science University; Portland Oregon 97239
| | - Richard Darveau
- Department of Periodontics; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195
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Lewis JR, Tsugawa AJ, Reiter AM. Use of CO2 Laser as an Adjunctive Treatment for Caudal Stomatitis in a Cat. J Vet Dent 2016; 24:240-9. [DOI: 10.1177/089875640702400406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lasers have become a popular tool in veterinary practice, particularly the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. In humans, the CO2 laser is used most commonly in oral and maxillofacial soft tissue surgery due to its favorable interactions with oral soft tissues. Other types of lasers are better suited for use on hard tissues such as enamel and dentin. This article reviews the history of laser use, physics of laser-tissue interaction, delivery systems, and laser types used in dentistry and oral surgery. This is followed by a case report describing the use of CO2 laser as an adjunctive treatment for therapy of refractory caudal stomatitis in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Lewis
- From the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. Dr. Tsugawa's current address is California Animal Hospital, Veterinary Specialty Group, 1736 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA. 90025
| | - Anson J. Tsugawa
- From the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. Dr. Tsugawa's current address is California Animal Hospital, Veterinary Specialty Group, 1736 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA. 90025
| | - Alexander M. Reiter
- From the Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010. Dr. Tsugawa's current address is California Animal Hospital, Veterinary Specialty Group, 1736 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Los Angeles, CA. 90025
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Hauser-Gerspach I, Mauth C, Waltimo T, Meyer J, Stübinger S. Effects of Er:YAG laser on bacteria associated with titanium surfaces and cellular response in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:1329-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sol A, Steinberg D, Featherstone JD, Feuerstein O. Changes in Gene Expression ofStreptococcus mutansin Planktonic Environment Following CO2Laser Irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:139-45. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Sol
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University – Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University – Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John D.B. Featherstone
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, Materials Science Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Osnat Feuerstein
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine. Hebrew University – Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tosun E, Tasar F, Strauss R, Kıvanc DG, Ungor C. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Er:YAG, Diode, and CO2 Lasers on Titanium Discs: An Experimental Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:1064-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Giannelli M, Pini A, Formigli L, Bani D. Comparative in vitro study among the effects of different laser and LED irradiation protocols and conventional chlorhexidine treatment for deactivation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide adherent to titanium surface. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:573-80. [PMID: 21438842 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND The present in vitro study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of: 1) different dental laser devices used in photoablative (PA) mode, namely commercial CO(2), Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG lasers and a prototype diode laser (wavelength = 810 nm); 2) prototype low-energy laser diode or light-emitting diode (LED) (wavelength = 630 nm), used in photodynamic (PD) mode together with the photoactivated agent methylene blue; and 3) chlorhexidine, used as reference drug, to reduce the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major pro-inflammatory gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, adherent to titanium surface. METHODS RAW 264-7 macrophages were cultured on titanium discs, cut from commercial dental implants and precoated with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS. Before cell seeding, the discs were treated or not with the noted lasers and LED in PA and PD modes, or with chlorhexidine. The release of nitric oxide (NO), assumed to be a marker of macrophage inflammatory activation, in the conditioned medium was related to cell viability, evaluated by the MTS assay and ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS PA laser irradiation of the LPS-coated discs with Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, CO(2,) and diode (810 nm) significantly reduced NO production, with a maximal inhibition achieved by Nd:YAG and diode (810 nm). Similar effects were also obtained by PD treatment with diode laser and LED (630 nm) and methylene blue. Notably, both treatments were superior to chlorhexidine in terms of efficiency/toxicity ratio. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that laser and LED irradiation are capable of effectively reducing the inflammatory response to LPS adherent to titanium surface, a notion that may have clinical relevance.
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Sol A, Feuerstein O, Featherstone JDB, Steinberg D. Effect of Sublethal CO 2 Laser Irradiation on Gene Expression of Streptococcus mutans Immobilized in a Biofilm. Caries Res 2011; 45:361-9. [PMID: 21778724 DOI: 10.1159/000329390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Sol
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hauser-Gerspach I, Stübinger S, Meyer J. Bactericidal effects of different laser systems on bacteria adhered to dental implant surfaces: anin vitrostudy comparing zirconia with titanium. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:277-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Inhibitory effects of low-energy pulsed ultrasonic stimulation on cell surface protein antigen C through heat shock proteins GroEL and DnaK in Streptococcus mutans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:751-6. [PMID: 20023092 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02230-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study concerns the use of low-energy pulsed ultrasound as nondestructive photodynamic antimicrobial therapy for controlling dental plaque. We examined the antibacterial and bactericidal effects of low-energy pulsed ultrasound on mutans streptococci and its inhibitory effects on bacterial cell adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. The results indicated weak antibacterial and bactericidal effects. However, ultrasonic stimulation for less than 20 min markedly decreased bacterial cell adhesion. To analyze the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect, we examined cell surface protein antigen C (PAc) and glucosyltransferase I (GTF-I) expression in S. mutans. The levels of PAc gene and protein expression were markedly decreased by ultrasonic stimulation for 20 min. However, no change in GTF-I expression was observed. The expression of stress response heat shock proteins GroEL and DnaK was also examined. GroEL and DnaK levels were significantly decreased by ultrasonic stimulation, and the expression of the PAc protein was also diminished upon the addition of GroEL or DnaK inhibitors without ultrasonic stimulation. These observations suggest that the expression of the PAc protein in S. mutans may be dependent on heat shock proteins. Thus, low-energy pulsed ultrasound decreases bacterial adhesion by the inhibitory effect on the PAc protein and heat shock protein expression and may be useful as photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy in controlling dental plaque.
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Romeo U, Palaia G, Botti R, Leone V, Rocca JP, Polimeni A. Non-surgical periodontal therapy assisted by potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser: a pilot study. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:891-9. [PMID: 19936872 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the American Academy of Periodontology indicates, the treatment of chronic periodontitis should be achieved in the least invasive manner through non-surgical periodontal therapy. However, complete removal of subgingival plaque and calculus is hindered with increasing probing depth (PD) and furcation involvement using hand, sonic or ultrasonic instruments. Many authors have suggested that the use of laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) might improve the effectiveness of conventional periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Seven hundred and thirty sites with probing depths of 4-6 mm were involved in the study. The sites were divided into four groups: control (SRP, chlorhexidine gel 0.5%), group A (SRP, chlorhexidine gel 0.5%, three sessions of KTP laser irradiation); group B (SRP, three sessions of KTP laser irradiation) and group C (SRP, irrigation with povidone-iodine 10%, three sessions of KTP laser irradiation). KTP laser was used with the following parameters: output power 0.6 W, time on 10 ms, time off 50 ms, 30 s per irradiation, fluence 19 J/cm(2). All the sites showed improvement in all clinical parameters. Clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket probing depths (PPDs) and bleeding on probing (BOP), especially in the lased groups, showed significant results (P < 0.001). Our experience showed KTP laser to be a significant help in SRP; nevertheless, more studies are necessary to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Romeo
- Department of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Giannelli M, Bani D, Tani A, Pini A, Margheri M, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Tonelli P, Formigli L. In vitro evaluation of the effects of low-intensity Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the inflammatory reaction elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide adherent to titanium dental implants. J Periodontol 2009; 80:977-84. [PMID: 19485829 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represents a prime pathogenic factor of peri-implantitis because of its ability to adhere tenaciously to dental titanium implants. Despite this, the current therapeutic approach to this disease remains based mainly on bacterial decontamination, paying little attention to the neutralization of bioactive bacterial products. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether irradiation with low-energy neodymium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, in addition to the effects on bacterial implant decontamination, was capable of attenuating the LPS-induced inflammatory response. METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages or human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on titanium disks coated with Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, subjected or not to irradiation with the Nd:YAG laser, and examined for the production of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of morphologic and molecular markers of cell activation. RESULTS Laser irradiation of LPS-coated titanium disks significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide production and cell activation by the macrophages and strongly attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule expression, as well as interleukin-8 production by the endothelial cells. CONCLUSION By blunting the LPS-induced inflammatory response, Nd:YAG laser irradiation may be viewed as a promising tool for the therapeutic management of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giannelli
- Department of Odontostomatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Maisch T. Anti-microbial photodynamic therapy: useful in the future? Lasers Med Sci 2006; 22:83-91. [PMID: 17120167 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-006-0409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous chapters in this volume have focused on fundamental principles and clinical applications of PDT. This chapter will attempt to outline emerging areas of research to identify some new applications that may become useful in the future in clinical practise. The worldwide rise in antibiotic resistance has driven research to the development of novel anti-microbial strategies. Cutaneous diseases caused by MRSA are ideally suited to treatment by anti-microbial photodynamic therapy for eradicating localized infections and for modulating wound healing due to the ability to deliver photosensitizer and light with topical application. The use of photosensitizer and light as an anti-microbial agent against periodontal microbial biofilms should also represent an attractive method of eliminating oral bacteria. Suitable light sources, laser light and non-coherent light will be briefly covered. This chapter will focus on some aspects of anti-microbial photodynamic therapy that appear to be promising for dermatological indications and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria within the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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