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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mahdi Souzani A, Rajeshwari HRS, Selvaganapathy PR, Kishen A. Impact of 3D collagen-based model and hydrostatic pressure on periodontal ligament fibroblast: A morpho-biochemical analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106092. [PMID: 37689009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a customized hydrostatic pressure-based loading environment to investigate the effect of static hydrostatic pressure on the periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLf) in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen-based model. The cylindrical tissue constructs were comprised of PDL fibroblast cells seeded in type I collagen matrices and divided into three experimental groups: Control (no load), low-load (∼0.07 kPa), and high-load (∼60 kPa), all subjected to 24 h of experimental duration. Cells in the 3D construct were stained with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies for cytoskeletal protein F-actin and matricellular protein periostin. Cell culture supernatant was assessed for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression. Transmission electron microscopy examined the contact between the cells and the collagen matrix. Ultrastructural changes in the 3D collagen matrix were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were performed in triplicates, and data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The 3D PDLf constructs from the low-load group demonstrated the highest levels of homogeneous cell distribution and higher expression of F-actin and periostin with enhanced interaction with the matrix. The collagen matrix in this group showed more closely packed fibers forming thicker bundles when compared to the control and the high-load 3D PDLf constructs. Nonuniform cell distribution with decreased expression of F-actin and periostin was observed in the control and high-load PDLf constructs. The high-load group showed the highest RANKL/OPG expression. This study demonstrated low-level hydrostatic pressure's role in regulating PDLf functions and extracellular matrix response, while excessive hydrostatic pressure may be detrimental to PDL fibroblast cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Mahdi Souzani
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | | | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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Extracellular vesicles secreted by human periodontal ligament induced osteoclast differentiation by transporting miR-28 to osteoclast precursor cells and further promoted orthodontic tooth movement. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Intermittent compressive force regulates human periodontal ligament cell behavior via yes-associated protein. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10845. [PMID: 36247165 PMCID: PMC9561743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent compressive force influences human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell behavior that facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration. In response to mechanical stimuli, Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been recognized as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator that regulates cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. This study aimed to investigate whether compressive forces influence cell proliferation and cell fate decisions of human PDL cells via YAP signaling. YAP expression was silenced by shRNA. The effect of YAP on cell proliferation, adipogenesis and osteogenesis of PDL cells under ICF loading were determined. Adipogenic differentiation bias upon ICF loading was confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that ICF-induced YAP promotes osteogenesis, but it inhibits adipogenesis in PDL cells. Depletion of YAP results in PDL cells that are irresponsive to ICF and, therefore, the failure of the PDL cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation. This was shown by a significant reduction in calcium deposited in the CF-derived osteoblasts of the YAP-knockdown (YAP-KD) PDL cells. As to control treatment, reduction of YAP promoted adipogenesis, whereas ICF-induced YAP inhibited this mechanism. However, the adipocyte differentiation in YAP-KD cells was not affected upon ICF treatment as the YAP-KD cells still exhibited a better adipogenic differentiation that was unrelated to the ICF. This study demonstrated that, in response to ICF treatment, YAP could be a crucial mechanosensitive transcriptional activator for the regulation of PDL cell behavior through a mechanobiological process. Our results may provide the possibility of facilitating PDL tissue regeneration by manipulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. YAP plays role as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator of human PDL cells in response to ICF. ICF activates YAP and its target genes to promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells. Loss of YAP enhances adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
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Zhang Y, Habibovic P. Delivering Mechanical Stimulation to Cells: State of the Art in Materials and Devices Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110267. [PMID: 35385176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical signals, such as growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in regulating a variety of cellular activities as well as maintaining the normal function of different tissues and organs. If the biochemical signals are assumed to be one side of the coin, the other side comprises biophysical cues. There is growing evidence showing that biophysical signals, and in particular mechanical cues, also play an important role in different stages of human life ranging from morphogenesis during embryonic development to maturation and maintenance of tissue and organ function throughout life. In order to investigate how mechanical signals influence cell and tissue function, tremendous efforts have been devoted to fabricating various materials and devices for delivering mechanical stimuli to cells and tissues. Here, an overview of the current state of the art in the design and development of such materials and devices is provided, with a focus on their design principles, and challenges and perspectives for future research directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Zhang X, Li Z, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, Cai Q. Runx1/miR-26a/Jagged1 signaling axis controls osteoclastogenesis and alleviates orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:107991. [PMID: 34438336 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of osteoclast biology and several pathogenic progression. This study aimed to identify the role of miR-26a in osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption(OIIRR). METHODS Rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model was established by ligating a closed coil spring between maxillary first molar and incisor, and 50 g orthodontic force was applied to move upper first molar to middle for 7 days. Human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells were isolated from periodontium of healthy donors, and then subjected to compression force (CF) for 24 h to mimic an in vitro OTM model. The levels of associated factors in vivo and in vitro were measured subsequently. RESULT The distance of tooth movement was increased and root resorption pits were occurred in rat OTM model. The expression of miR-26a was decreased in vivo and vitro experiments. CF treatment enhanced the secretion of inflammatory factors receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and IL-6, osteoclast marker levels, and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts, while miR-26a overexpression reversed these results. Furthermore, miR-26a overexpression inhibited the osteoclastogenesis and rescued the root resorption in OTM rats through inhibition of Jagged1. Additionally, Runx1 could bind to miR-26a promoter and promote its expression, thereby suppressing the osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION We concluded that Runx1/miR-26a/Jagged1 signaling axis restrained osteoclastogenesis and alleviated OIIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangxi Chen
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Cai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Clinical Application at the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Schemann-Miguel F, Aloise AC, Gaiba S, Ferreira LM. Effect of Static Compressive Force on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The application of static compressive forces to periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) in vivo or in vitro has been linked to the expression of biochemical agents and local tissue modifications that could be involved in maintaining homeostasis during orthodontic movement. An approach used for identifying mesenchymal cells, or a subpopulation of progenitor cells in both tumoral and normal tissues, involves determining the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). However, the role of subpopulations of PDLF-derived undifferentiated cells in maintaining homeostasis during tooth movement remains unclear.
Objective:
This study aimed at analyzing the effect of applying a static compressive force to PDLFs on the activity of ALDH in these cells.
Methods:
PDLFs were distributed into two groups: control group (CG), where fibroblasts were not submitted to compression, and experimental group (EG), where fibroblasts were submitted to a static compressive force of 4 g/mm2 for 6 hours. The compressive force was applied directly to the cells using a custom-built device. ALDH activity in the PDLFs was evaluated by a flow cytometry assay.
Results:
ALDH activity was observed in both groups, but was significantly lower in EG than in CG after the application of a static compressive force in the former.
Conclusion:
Application of a static compressive force to PDLFs decreased ALDH activity.
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Gauthier R, Jeannin C, Attik N, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Gritsch K, Grosgogeat B. Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:030801. [PMID: 33067629 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gauthier
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Jeannin
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - N Attik
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - K Gritsch
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - B Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
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Blawat K, Mayr A, Hardt M, Kirschneck C, Nokhbehsaim M, Behl C, Deschner J, Jäger A, Memmert S. Regulation of Autophagic Signaling by Mechanical Loading and Inflammation in Human PDL Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249446. [PMID: 33322510 PMCID: PMC7763506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (cellular self-consumption) is a crucial adaptation mechanism during cellular stress conditions. This study aimed to examine how this important process is regulated in human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts by mechanical and inflammatory stress conditions and whether the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is involved. Autophagy was quantified by flow cytometry. Qualitative protein phosphorylation profiling of the mTOR pathway was carried out. Effects of mTOR regulation were assessed by quantification of important synthesis product collagen 1, cell proliferation and cell death with real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Autophagy as a response to mechanical or inflammatory treatment in PDL fibroblasts was dose and time dependent. In general, autophagy was induced by stress stimulation. Phosphorylation analysis of mTOR showed regulatory influences of mechanical and inflammatory stimulation on crucial target proteins. Regulation of mTOR was also detectable via changes in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Physiological pressure had cell-protective effects (p = 0.025), whereas overload increased cell death (p = 0.003), which was also promoted in long-term inflammatory treatment (p < 0.001). Our data provide novel insights about autophagy regulation by mechanical and inflammatory stress conditions in human PDL fibroblasts. Our results suggest some involvement of the mTOR pathway in autophagy and cell fate regulation under the named conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Blawat
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (A.M.); (M.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Alexandra Mayr
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (A.M.); (M.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Miriam Hardt
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (A.M.); (M.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Christian Behl
- The Autophagy Lab, Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (A.M.); (M.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53111 Bonn, Germany; (K.B.); (A.M.); (M.H.); (A.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Janjic Rankovic M, Docheva D, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U. Effect of static compressive force on in vitro cultured PDL fibroblasts: monitoring of viability and gene expression over 6 days. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2497-2511. [PMID: 31728735 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the impact of static compressive force (CF) application on human PDL-derived fibroblasts (HPDF) in vitro for up to 6 days on the expression of specific genes and to monitor cell growth and cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS CF of 2 g/cm2 was applied on HPDFs for 1-6 days. On each day, gene expression (cFOS, HB-GAM, COX2, IL6, TNFα, RUNX2, and P2RX2) and secretion (TNFα, PGE2) were determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Cell growth and cell viability were monitored daily. RESULTS In comparison with controls, significant upregulation of cFOS in compressed HPDFs was observed. HB-GAM showed no changes in expression, except on day 5 (P < 0.001). IL6 expression was significantly upregulated from day 2-5, reaching the maximum on day 3 (P < 0.001). TNFα expression was upregulated on all but day 2. COX2 showed upregulation, reaching the plateau from day 3 (P < 0.001) until day 4 (P < 0.001), and returning to the initial state till day 6. P2RX7 was downregulated on days 2 and 4 to 6 (P < 0.001). RUNX2 was downregulated on days 2 and 5 (both P < 0.001). Cells in both groups were proliferating, and no negative effect on cell viability was observed. CONCLUSION Results suggest high molecular activity up to 6 days, therefore introducing further need for in vitro studies with a longer duration that would explain other genes and metabolites involved in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Extension of an established in vitro force application system for prolonged force application (6 days) simulating the initial phase of OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Systematic review of biological therapy to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in animals: Translational approach. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104597. [PMID: 31739076 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review and evaluate what is known regarding contemporary biological therapy capable of accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science and OpenGrey were searched without restrictions until June 2019. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data was extracted using a standardized table. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was performed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. RESULTS Fifty-one animal studies were included. Two biological therapies were identified as capable of accelerating the OTM: chemical methods (49 studies) and gene therapy (2 studies). The main substances that increased the OTM rate were cytokines (13 studies), followed by growth factors (6 studies) and hormones (5 studies). Most studies were assessed to be at unclear or high RoB. The application protocols, measurement and reporting of outcomes varied widely and methodologies were not adequately reported. CONCLUSIONS Although biological therapies to accelerate OTM have been widely tested and effective in preclinical studies, the validity of the evidence is flawed to support translational of these results. There is a need for well-designed experimental studies to translate these methods for clinical field.
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Han X, Chen Y. Knockdown of DANCR reduces osteoclastogenesis and root resorption induced by compression force via Jagged1. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1759-1769. [PMID: 31213122 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNA DANCR has been proven to be involved in osteoblast differentiation. This study aims to investigate the role of DANCR in osteoclast formation and root resorption in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells induced by compression force (CF). Rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model was established. The molecules expressions in the areas of root resorption form OTM model were measured. The number of osteoclasts was measured using Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The bone resorption was detected using pit formation assay. We showed that the expression of DANCR and Jagged1 protein was increased in rat OTM model and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells treated with CF, and CF increased the production of Jagged1, RANKL, and IL-6 from the hPDL cells. Moreover, DANCR could positively regulate Jagged1 protein expression. Knockdown of DANCR could change the promotion effect of CF on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo experiments, while overexpression of Jagged1 reversed si-DANCR effect. Taken together, knockdown of DANCR reduced osteoclast formation and root resorption induced by CF via Jagged1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Zhang
- a Department of Orthodontics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- a Department of Orthodontics , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xinguang Han
- c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yangxi Chen
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics , West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Benjakul S, Leethanakul C, Jitpukdeebodintra S. Low magnitude high frequency vibration induces RANKL via cyclooxygenase pathway in human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9:251-255. [PMID: 31211043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of PGE2 on RANKL expression in response to vibration and vibration in combination with compressive stress and characterise this transduction pathway in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Methods Cultured human PDL cells obtained from extracted premolar teeth (from six individuals) were subjected to three cycles of vibration (0.3 g, 30 Hz for 20 min every 24 h; V), compressive stress (1.5 g/cm2, 48 h; C) or vibration in combination with compressive stress (VC). To investigate whether the expression of RANKL and PGE2 was COX-dependent, PDL cells were treated with indomethacin prior to the onset of mechanical stimulation. RANKL and OPG expressions were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Quantification of PGE2, soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and OPG productions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs). Results All mechanical stresses (V, C and VC) significantly increased PGE2 and RANKL. OPG was not affected by vibration, but was downregulated in compressed cells (C and VC). Indomethacin abolished induction of RANKL and downregulated OPG in response to all mechanical stresses. Conclusion These results suggest that vibration, compressive stress and vibration in combination with compressive stress induce RANKL expression in human PDL cells by activating the cyclooxygenase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutiwa Benjakul
- Orthodontic Section, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
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Chen Y, Li Z, Ju LA. Tensile and compressive force regulation on cell mechanosensing. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:311-318. [PMID: 31073958 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing plays critical roles in cell spreading, migration, growth, and survival. Dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) techniques have recently been advanced to visualize such processes, which allow the concurrent examination of molecular binding dynamics and cellular response to mechanical stimuli on single living cells. Notably, the live-cell DFS is able to manipulate the force "waveforms" such as tensile versus compressive, ramped versus clamped, static versus dynamic, and short versus long lasting forces, thereby deriving correlations of cellular responses with ligand binding kinetics and mechanical stimulation profiles. Here, by differentiating extracellular mechanical stimulations into two major categories, tensile force and compressive force, we review the latest findings on receptor-mediated mechanosensing mechanisms that are discovered by the state-of-the-art live-cell DFS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center on Vascular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Darlington, Australia. .,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Benjakul S, Jitpukdeebodintra S, Leethanakul C. Effects of low magnitude high frequency mechanical vibration combined with compressive force on human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Eur J Orthod 2019; 40:356-363. [PMID: 29016746 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Vibration can be used to accelerate tooth movement, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low magnitude high frequency (LMHF) vibration combined with compressive force on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro. Materials and methods Human PDL cells were isolated from extracted premolar teeth of four individuals. To determine the optimal frequency for later used in combination with compressive force, three cycles of low-magnitude (0.3 g) vibrations at various frequencies (30, 60, or 90 Hz) were applied to PDL cells for 20 min every 24 h. To investigate the effects of vibration combined with compressive force, PDL cells were subjected to three cycles of optimal vibration frequency (V) or 1.5 g/cm2 compressive force for 48 h (C) or vibration combined with compressive force (VC). Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. PGE2, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and OPG production were quantified by ELISA. RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 expression were determined using real-time PCR. Results Cell viability was decreased in groups C and VC. PGE2 and RANKL, but not OPG, were increased in groups V, C, and VC, thus increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. The highest level was observed in group VC. sRANKL was increased in groups V, C, and VC; however, no significant different between the experimental groups. Runx2 expression was reduced in groups C and VC. Conclusions Vibration increased PGE2, RANKL, and sRANKL, but not OPG and Runx2. Vibration had the additive effects on PGE2 and RANKL, but not sRANKL in compressed PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutiwa Benjakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suwanna Jitpukdeebodintra
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Li M, Zhang C, Yang Y. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:19-31. [PMID: 30800296 PMCID: PMC6359886 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.bjr-2018-0060.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many in vitro studies have investigated the mechanism by which mechanical signals are transduced into biological signals that regulate bone homeostasis via periodontal ligament fibroblasts during orthodontic treatment, but the results have not been systematically reviewed. This review aims to do this, considering the parameters of various in vitro mechanical loading approaches and their effects on osteogenic and osteoclastogenic properties of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. METHODS Specific keywords were used to search electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science) for English-language literature published between 1995 and 2017. RESULTS A total of 26 studies from the 555 articles obtained via the database search were ultimately included, and four main types of biomechanical approach were identified. Compressive force is characterized by static and continuous application, whereas tensile force is mainly cyclic. Only nine studies investigated the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament fibroblasts transduce mechanical stimulus. The studies provided evidence from in vitro mechanical loading regimens that periodontal ligament fibroblasts play a unique and dominant role in the regulation of bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement. CONCLUSION Evidence from the reviewed studies described the characteristics of periodontal ligament fibroblasts exposed to mechanical force. This is expected to benefit subsequent research into periodontal ligament fibroblasts and to provide indirectly evidence-based insights regarding orthodontic treatment. Further studies should be performed to explore the effects of static tension on cytomechanical properties, better techniques for static compressive force loading, and deeper analysis of underlying regulatory systems.Cite this article: M. Li, C. Zhang, Y. Yang. Effects of mechanical forces on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:19-31. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.81.BJR-2018-0060.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Li
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - C. Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Expression of biological mediators during orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:170-186. [PMID: 30130671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present systematic review was to offer a timeline of the events taking place during orthodontic tooth movement(OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched up to November 2017. All studies describing the expression of signaling proteins in the periodontal ligament(PDL) of teeth subjected to OTM or describing the expression of signaling proteins in human cells of the periodontal structures subjected to static mechanical loading were considered eligible for inclusion for respectively the in-vivo or the in-vitro part. Risk of bias assessment was conducted according to the validated SYRCLE's RoB tool for animal studies and guideline for assessing quality of in-vitro studies for in-vitro studies. RESULTS We retrieved 7583 articles in the initial electronic search, from which 79 and 51 were finally analyzed. From the 139 protein investigated, only the inflammatory proteins interleukin(IL)-1β, cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 and prostaglandin(PG)-E2, osteoblast markers osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor(RUNX)2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK)1/2 are investigated in 10 or more studies. CONCLUSION The investigated proteins were presented in a theoretical model of OTM. We can conclude that the cell activation and differentiation and recruitment of osteoclasts is mediated by osteocytes, osteoblasts and PDL cells, but that the osteogenic differentiation is only seen in stem cell present in the PDL. In addition, the recently discovered Ephrin/Ephs seem to play an role parallel with the thoroughly investigated RANKL/OPG system in mediating bone resorption during OTM.
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In Vitro Weight-Loaded Cell Models for Understanding Mechanodependent Molecular Pathways Involved in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3208285. [PMID: 30154862 PMCID: PMC6091372 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3208285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells from the mesenchymal lineage in the dental area, including but not limited to PDL fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and dental stem cells, are exposed to mechanical stress in physiological (e.g., chewing) and nonphysiological/therapeutic (e.g., orthodontic tooth movement) situations. Close and complex interaction of these different cell types results in the physiological and nonphysiological adaptation of these tissues to mechanical stress. Currently, different in vitro loading models are used to investigate the effect of different types of mechanical loading on the stress adaptation of these cell types. We performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify all studies in the field of dentistry with focus on mechanobiology using in vitro loading models applying uniaxial static compressive force. Only studies reporting on cells from the mesenchymal lineage were considered for inclusion. The results are summarized regarding gene expression in relation to force duration and magnitude, and the most significant signaling pathways they take part in are identified using protein-protein interaction networks.
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Effect of compressive loading and incubation with clodronate on the RANKL/OPG system of human osteoblasts. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 76:531-42. [PMID: 26446504 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In vivo studies have shown that bisphosphonates result in slow rates of orthodontic tooth movement. This study investigated whether clodronate modifies the impact of mechanical loading on the RANKL/OPG system of human osteoblasts. METHODS Osteoblasts were cultured in vitro with 0.5 or 5.0 µM clodronate for 48 h and/or subjected to 3 h of compressive loading at 34.9 g/cm(2). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunocytochemical staining were used to analyze the cells for their production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) at the transcriptional and protein levels. RESULTS Compressive loading did not affect osteoblast viability in a significant way. Clodronate (5.0 µM) mildly reduced the viability of both compressed and uncompressed cells. Compressive loading induced a 4.2-fold increase in RANKL gene expression, while clodronate led to a concentration-dependent inhibition of this effect (1.8-fold increase at 5.0 µM). OPG gene expression was decreased by compressive loading both in the presence of 0.5 µM clodronate and in the absence of clodronate, and OPG protein synthesis in the compressed cells was significantly decreased in the presence of clodronate. Immunocytochemical staining revealed an increase of RANKL protein synthesis in compressed cells, while clodronate and cell compression reduced this increase. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that clodronate decreases the compression-induced RANKL/OPG ratio expressed by human osteoblasts. Reported in vivo findings of reduced osteoclast numbers on the compression side of orthodontic tooth movement under the action of clodronate-and the associated slow rate of tooth movement-might be attributable not only to a direct impact on osteoclasts but also to changes in osteoblast-osteoclast interaction resulting from the presence of clodronate.
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Kirschneck C, Proff P, Maurer M, Reicheneder C, Römer P. Orthodontic forces add to nicotine-induced loss of periodontal bone : An in vivo and in vitro study. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 76:195-212. [PMID: 25929709 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nicotine is considered an etiologic factor for chronic inflammatory phenomena within the periodontal ligament that may result in loss of periodontal attachment. Considering that smokers account for 26% of adult and 12% of adolescent patients in orthodontic practice, we performed in vivo and in vitro studies as to whether orthodontic forces may add to the nicotine-induced loss of periodontal bone. METHODS Fourteen male rats (Fischer 344 inbred) were used. Seven of these served as controls, while the other seven received daily subcutaneous injections of 1.89 mg L-nicotine per kg body weight. Both groups were exposed to orthodontic mesialization of the first two upper left molars using a NiTi closed-coil spring, the contralateral side serving as control. Periodontal bone loss was assessed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Human periodontal fibroblasts were stressed by compression (2 g/cm(2)) and/or nicotine (3/5/7.5 µmol), and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) was determined at the transcriptional level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and at the translational level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, differentiation of co-cultured murine RAW264.7 cells to osteoclast-like cells was quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS Orthodontic force application in vivo led to a significant increase in nicotine-induced periodontal bone loss, and cell compression in vitro to increased COX-2, PGE2, IL-6, and RANKL expression, reduced OPG expression, and enhanced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells to osteoclast-like cells compared to nicotine alone. CONCLUSION Additional loss of periodontal bone must be expected during orthodontic treatment of smokers. Clinicians should inform their patients of this increased risk and refrain from performing tooth movements before cessation of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany,
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Tsuzuki T, Kajiya H, T-Goto K, Tsutsumi T, Nemoto T, Okabe K, Takahashi Y. Hyperocclusion stimulates the expression of collagen type XII in periodontal ligament. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 66:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jin Y, Li J, Wang Y, Ye R, Feng X, Jing Z, Zhao Z. Functional role of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in human periodontal ligament cells. Angle Orthod 2016; 85:87-94. [PMID: 24810489 DOI: 10.2319/123113-955.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the function of Piezo1, an evolutionarily conserved mechanically activated channel, in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue homeostasis under compressive loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human PDL cells (hPDLCs) were isolated, cultured, and then subjected to 2.0 g/cm(2) static compressive loading for 0.5, 3, 6, and 12 hours, respectively. The expressions of Piezo1 and osteoclastogenesis marker gene were assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, Piezo1 inhibitor, GsMTx4, was used to block the function of Piezo1, and tumor necrosis factor-α was also used as a positive control. After 12 hours of compressive loading the PDLCs were co-cultured with murine monocytic cell line RAW264.7. Immunofluorescence, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were also used to test the potency of PDLCs to induce osteoclastogenesis and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. RESULTS Piezo1, cyclooxygenase-2, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, and prostaglandin E2 were significantly upregulated under static compressive stimuli. GsMTx4 repressed osteoclastogenesis in the mechanical stress-pretreated PDLCs-RAW264.7 co-culture system. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the mechanical stress-induced osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Piezo1 exerts a transduction role in mechanical stress-induced osteoclastogenesis in hPDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- a PhD Candidate, Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
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Yang L, Yang Y, Wang S, Li Y, Zhao Z. In vitro mechanical loading models for periodontal ligament cells: From two-dimensional to three-dimensional models. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:416-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Saminathan A, Sriram G, Vinoth JK, Cao T, Meikle MC. Engineering the Periodontal Ligament in Hyaluronan–Gelatin–Type I Collagen Constructs: Upregulation of Apoptosis and Alterations in Gene Expression by Cyclic Compressive Strain. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:518-29. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Saminathan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayasaleen Kumar Vinoth
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Dental Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Murray C. Meikle
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kikuta J, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Yoshino T, Kasai K. Notch Signaling Induces Root Resorption via RANKL and IL-6 from hPDL Cells. J Dent Res 2014; 94:140-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034514555364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we first investigated the expressions of Jagged1, Notch2, the receptor activator of nuclear factor–kappa B ligand (RANKL), and interleukin (IL)-6 in areas of root resorption during experimental tooth movement in rats in vivo. We then assessed the effects of compression force (CF) with or without GSI (an inhibitor of Notch signaling) on Jagged1, RANKL, and IL-6 release from human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Twelve male 6-wk-old Wistar rats were subjected to an orthodontic force of 50 g to induce mesially tipping movement of the upper first molars for 7 d. The expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL proteins in the dental root were determined using an immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the effects of the CF on Jagged1, IL-6, and RANKL production were investigated using hPDL cells in vitro. The effects of the cell-conditioned medium obtained from the hPDL cells subjected to CF (CFM) and Jagged 1 on osteoclastogenesis of human osteoclast precursor cells (hOCPs) were also investigated. Under the conditions of experimental tooth movement in vivo, resorption lacunae with multinucleated cells were observed in the 50 g group. In addition, immunoreactivity for Jagged1, Notch2, IL-6, and RANKL was detected on day 7 in the PDL tissue subjected to the orthodontic force. In the in vitro study, the compression force increased the production of Jagged1, IL-6, and RANKL from the hPDL cells, whereas treatment with GSI inhibited the production of these factors in vitro. The osteoclastogenesis increased with the CFM and rhJagged1, and the increase in the osteoclastogenesis was almost inhibited by GSI. These results suggest that the Notch signaling response to excessive orthodontic forces stimulates the process of root resorption via RANKL and IL-6 production from hPDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - M. Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - M. Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - T. Yoshino
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K. Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
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Liao W, Okada M, Inami K, Hashimoto Y, Matsumoto N. Cell survival and gene expression under compressive stress in a three-dimensional in vitro human periodontal ligament-like tissue model. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:249-60. [PMID: 25087076 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated cell survival and gene expression under various compressive stress conditions mimicking orthodontic force by using a newly developed in vitro model of human periodontal ligament-like tissue (HPdLLT). The HPdLLT was developed by three-dimensional culturing of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in a porous poly-L-lactide matrix with threefold increased culture media permeability due to hydrophilic modification. In vitro HPdLLTs in experimental groups were subjected to 5, 15, 25 and 35 g/cm(2) compressive stress for 1, 3, 7 or 14 days; controls were cultured over the same periods without compressive stress. Cell morphology and cell apoptosis in the experimental and control groups were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and caspase-3/7 detection. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for seven osteogenic and osteoclastic genes. Similar extracellular matrix and spindle-shaped cells were observed inside or on the surface of in vitro HPdLLTs, with no relation to compressive stress duration or intensity. Similar caspase-3/7 activity indicating comparable apoptosis levels was observed in all samples. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and bone morphogenetic protein 2 genes showed characteristic "double-peak" expression at 15 and 35 g/cm(2) on day 14, and alkaline phosphatase and periodontal ligament-associated protein 1 expression peaked at 5 g/cm(2) on day 14; other genes also showed time-dependent and load-dependent expression patterns. The in vitro HPdLLT model system effectively mimicked the reaction and gene expression of the human periodontal ligament in response to orthodontic force. This work provides new information on the effects of compressive stress on human periodontal ligament tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inami
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
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Liao C, Hua Y. Effect of hydrogen sulphide on the expression of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in human periodontal ligament cells induced by tension-force stimulation. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1784-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Regulation of macrophage migration and activity by high-mobility group box 1 protein released from periodontal ligament cells during orthodontically induced periodontal repair: an in vitro and in vivo experimental study. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:420-34. [PMID: 23974442 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-013-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that periodontal ligament (PDL) cells interact with macrophages from the immune system during orthodontically induced repair of periodontal tissue. Hypothesizing that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is released by mechanically stressed PDL cells into the extracellular space and has a role in mediating the local immune response by acting as an "alarmin", this study was performed to further elucidate these cellular interactions, with a special focus on the impact of proinflammatory mediators secreted by PDL cells on macrophage physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included an in vivo part in which orthodontic stress was induced in rats and their PDL analyzed for expression of HMGB1 by immunohistochemistry after 5 days of tooth movement. In the in vitro part, human PDL cells were subjected to compressive loading, followed by stimulating human macrophages with conditioned supernatants of these stressed PDL cells and analyzing how mediators that had been released by these cells into the medium would impact macrophage physiology. Assays for macrophage migration and osteoclast differentiation were used in addition to immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and western blotting. RESULTS Induction of mechanical stress was found to upregulate HMGB1 expression both in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, translocation HMGB1 from nuclei into cytoplasm was observed. Culturing macrophages in conditioned PDL cell medium was associated with enhanced chemotactic migration and osteoclast differentiation. Addition of anti-HMGB1 antibodies to inhibit HMGB1 in the conditioned medium was found to significantly attenuate these effects. A less marked increase of migration and osteoclast differentiation by macrophages was observed after isolated addition of HMGB1, at its observed pathological concentration, to nonconditioned medium. CONCLUSION This study clearly indicates an immunomodulatory potential of human PDL cells via release of mediators, including HMGB1 protein. Our finding that these mediators modify the migration and differentiation of macrophages as a function of periodontal repair during orthodontic treatment broadens the theoretical basis toward developing interventional strategies to avoid orthodontically induced root resorption.
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Wolf M, Lossdorfer S, Kupper K, Jager A. Regulation of high mobility group box protein 1 expression following mechanical loading by orthodontic forces in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Orthod 2013; 36:624-31. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjt037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yamada K, Yamaguchi M, Asano M, Fujita S, Kobayashi R, Kasai K. Th17-cells in atopic dermatitis stimulate orthodontic root resorption. Oral Dis 2012; 19:683-93. [PMID: 23279451 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how atopic dermatitis (AD) contributes to root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atopic dermatitis model mice and wild-type mice were subjected to an excessive orthodontic force (OF) to induce movement of the upper first molars. The expression levels of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), IL-17, IL-6, and RANKL proteins were determined in the periodontal ligament (PDL) by an immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the effects of the compression force on co-cultures of CD4(+) cells from AD patients or healthy individuals and human PDL cells were investigated with regard to the levels of secretion and mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-6, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin. RESULTS The immunoreactivities for TRAP, IL-17, IL-6, and RANKL in the AD group were found to be significantly increased. The double immunofluorescence analysis for IL-17/CD4 detected immunoreaction. The secretion of IL-17, IL-6, and RANKL, and the mRNA levels of IL-6 and RANKL in the AD patients were increased compared with those in healthy individuals. CONCLUSION Th17 cells may therefore be associated with the deterioration of root resorption of AD mice, and may explain why AD patients are more susceptible to root resorption than healthy individuals when an excessive OF is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamada
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Andrade I, Taddei SR, Souza PE. Inflammation and Tooth Movement: The Role of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors. Semin Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tripuwabhrut P, Mustafa K, Brudvik P, Mustafa M. Initial responses of osteoblasts derived from human alveolar bone to various compressive forces. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:311-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polbhat Tripuwabhrut
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Pongsri Brudvik
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Orthodontics; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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Hayashi N, Yamaguchi M, Nakajima R, Utsunomiya T, Yamamoto H, Kasai K. T-helper 17 cells mediate the osteo/odontoclastogenesis induced by excessive orthodontic forces. Oral Dis 2012; 18:375-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kook SH, Jang YS, Lee JC. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts stimulate osteoclastogenesis in response to compression force through TNF-α-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2891-901. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Ichioka H, Akamatsu Y, Oseko F, Mazda O, Imanishi J, Kanamura N, Kita M. Effects of mechanical stress on cytokine production in mandible-derived osteoblasts. Oral Dis 2011; 17:712-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Asano M, Yamaguchi M, Nakajima R, Fujita S, Utsunomiya T, Yamamoto H, Kasai K. IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by excessive orthodontic force mediates odontoclastogenesis in periodontal tissues. Oral Dis 2010; 17:489-98. [PMID: 21496183 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate how interleukin (IL)-8 (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant; CINC-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1/CCL2 contribute to root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to orthodontic force of 10 or 50 g to induce a mesially tipping movement of the upper first molars for 7 days. We determined the expressions of CINC-1, CXCR2, and MCP-1 proteins in root resorption area using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of compression forces (CF) on IL-8 and MCP-1 production by human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. We observed an effect of chemokine treatment on rat odonto/osteoclasts in dentin slices that recapitulated root resorption. RESULTS The immunoreactivity for CINC-1/CXCR2 and MCP-1 was detected in odontoclasts and PDL fibroblasts by the orthodontic force of 50 g on day 7. CF increased the secretion and the expression of mRNA of IL-8 and MCP-1 from PDL cells in a magnitude-dependent manner. Moreover, CINC-1 and MCP-1 stimulated osteoclastogenesis from rat osteoclast precursor cells. CONCLUSION IL-8 (CINC-1) and MCP-1 may therefore facilitate the process of root resorption because of excessive orthodontic force.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asano
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Li Y, Zheng W, Liu JS, Wang J, Yang P, Li ML, Zhao ZH. Expression of Osteoclastogenesis Inducers in a Tissue Model of Periodontal Ligament under Compression. J Dent Res 2010; 90:115-20. [PMID: 20940359 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510385237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the development of new in vitro tissue models. In this study, a tissue model of periodontal ligament (PDL) was established by 3-D-culturing human PDL cells in a thin sheet of porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold. Growth of the model was evidenced by MTT assay and various microscopies. After being subjected to static compression of 5 ~ 35 g/cm2 for 6 hrs, the RANKL mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by force ≥ 25 g/cm2 in the model. After being subjected to static compression of 25 g/cm2 for 6 ~ 72 hrs, the mRNA expression of PTHrP, IL-11, IL-8, and FGF-2, potential osteoclastogenesis inducers, was significantly up-regulated in the model, which was further verified by the compression of human PDL in vivo. However, when human gingival fibroblasts were substituted for PDL cells in the model, almost no osteoclastogenesis inducers were up-regulated by compression. This tissue model can serve as an effective tool for the study of PDL mechanoresponse. Abbreviations: periodontal ligament, PDL; periodontal ligament cells, PDLCs; poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA; orthodontic tooth movement, OTM; extracellular matrix, ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - W. Zheng
- Division of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - J.-S. Liu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Whenzhou Medical College, PR China
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - P. Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - M.-L. Li
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Z.-H. Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Mitsuhashi M, Yamaguchi M, Kojima T, Nakajima R, Kasai K. Effects of HSP70 on the compression force-induced TNF-α and RANKL expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:187-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Le Gall M, Sastre J. The fundamentals of tooth movement. Int Orthod 2010; 8:1-13. [PMID: 20350708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the field of molecular phenomena have led to a fuller understanding of the mechanisms at work in tooth movement. The forces applied by orthodontic devices are converted into cellular signals via the deformation of the bony walls and the inflammatory reaction they trigger. In turn, the numerous cytokines, which are created by this process activate other messengers which differentiate, activate and inhibit the different cell populations involved in tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Le Gall
- Faculté d'odontologie de Marseille, hôpital de La Timone, Marseille, France.
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Kim JW, Lee KS, Nahm JH, Kang YG. Effects of compressive stress on the expression of M-CSF, IL-1β, RANKL and OPG mRNA in periodontal ligament cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2009.39.4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Kim
- Former Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, East-West Neo Medical Center, Korea
| | - Ki-Soo Lee
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, East-West Neo Medical Center, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Nahm
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, East-West Neo Medical Center, Korea
| | - Yoon-Goo Kang
- Full-time Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, East-West Neo Medical Center, Korea
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