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The Association of Periodontal Disease with Low Birth Weight Infants: A Case Control Study. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:926-932. [PMID: 36807235 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between periodontal disease and low birth weight among pregnant women. METHODS Data for this case-control study was collected from June 2019 till February 2020. All women in the Gynecology Department of Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore, who had delivered a baby within the last 24 h were invited to participate. Women who delivered babies less than 2.5 kg were considered as 'cases' (having low birth weight - LBW - infants) and those having babies of 2.5 kg or more were categorized as 'controls' (normal birth weight infants). The selected sample was matched for age, general health (indicated by mean upper arm circumference) and Hemoglobin levels. Intraoral examination was conducted and gingival color and appearance; calculus, bleeding on probing, CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) and CAL (clinical attachment loss) were recorded. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of LBW infants. The predictors were further confirmed by applying chi-squared test for categorical variables and independent sample T test for quantitative variables. RESULTS A total of 60 cases and 120 controls were recruited. The logistic regression model suggested that CPITN score (OR 14.893, 95% CI 4.896, 45.301); CAL (OR 2.148, 95% CI 1.271, 3.631); calculus (OR 25.099, 95% CI 1.916, 328.771); mode of delivery (OR 0.175 95% CI 0.060, 0.514); and gingival recession (OR 0.237, 95% CI 0.078, 0.715) were significant predictors of LBW. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease was found to be a significant predictor of LBW infants.
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Wen X, Fu X, Zhao C, Yang L, Huang R. The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy via the interaction of oral microorganisms, hormone and immune response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1070917. [PMID: 36778874 PMCID: PMC9908602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been suggested to be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are a significant public health issue with important clinical and societal repercussions. This article systematically reviews the available epidemiological studies involving the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes over the past 15 years, and finds a weak but independent association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease. The bidirectional association and the potential mechanisms are then explored, focusing on three possible mechanisms: inflammatory reaction, oral microorganisms and immune response. Specifically, elevated systemic inflammation and increased periodontal pathogens with their toxic products, along with a relatively suppressed immune system may lead to the disruption of homeostasis within fetal-placental unit and thus induce adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review also explains the possible mechanisms around why women are more susceptible to periodontal disease. In conclusion, pregnant women are more likely to develop periodontal disease due to hormonal changes, and periodontal disease has also been suspected to increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, in order to lessen the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, both obstetricians and dentists should pay attention to the development of periodontal diseases among women during pregnancy.
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Zhang Y, Feng W, Li J, Cui L, Chen ZJ. Periodontal Disease and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:799740. [PMID: 35601423 PMCID: PMC9114501 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.799740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal periodontal disease (PD) and three main adverse neonatal outcomes, namely, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA). Methods The Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 6 December 2020 for relevant observational studies on an association between PD and risk of PTB, LBW, and SGA. Eligibility criteria included observational studies which compared the prevalence of PTB and/or LBW and/or SGA between PD women and periodontal health controls. The exclusion criteria included incomplete data, animal research, and mixing up various pregnancy outcomes, such as "preterm low birth weight" and languages other than Chinese and English. Data were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata Statistical Software, Release 12 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Odds ratio (OR), confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity (I 2) were computed. Results Fourteen case-control studies and 10 prospective cohort studies, involving 15,278 participants, were identified. Based on fixed effect meta-analysis, PTB showed a significant association with PD (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.39-1.77, P < 0.00001) and LBW also showed a significant association with PD (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.75-3.37, P < 0.00001) in a random effect meta-analysis. However, a random effect meta-analysis showed no relationship between PD and SGA (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.86-3.07, P = 0.136). Conclusion Our findings indicate that pregnant women with PD have a significantly higher risk of PTB and LBW. However, large prospective, blinded cohort studies with standardized diagnostic criteria of PD and adequate control of confounding factors are still required to confirm the relationship between PD and adverse neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanbing Feng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Alamneh TS, Teshale AB, Worku MG, Tessema ZT, Yeshaw Y, Tesema GA, Liyew AM, Alem AZ. Preterm birth and its associated factors among reproductive aged women in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from the recent demographic and health surveys of sub-Sharan African countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:770. [PMID: 34781891 PMCID: PMC8591945 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and under-five children mortality. Sub-Saharan African (SSA) accounts for the majority of preterm birth and death following its complications. Despite this, there is limited evidence about the pooled prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth at SSA level using nation-wide representative large dataset. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of preterm birth among reproductive aged women. METHODS The recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) data of 36 SSA countries were used. We included a total weighted sample of 172,774 reproductive-aged women who were giving birth within five years preceding the most recent survey of SSA countries were included in the analysis. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to identify the associated factors of preterm birth in SSA. We considered a statistical significance at a p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS In this study, 5.33% (95% CI: 5.23, 5.44%) of respondents in SSA had delivered preterm baby. Being form eastern Africa, southern Africa, rural area, being educated, substance use, having multiple pregnancy, currently working history, having history of terminated pregnancy, and previous cesarean section delivery, primi-parity, and short birth interval were associated with higher odds of preterm birth among reproductive aged women. However, having better wealth index, being married, wanted pregnancy, and having four or more antenatal care visit were associated with lower odds for a preterm birth among reproductive aged women. CONCLUSION The prevalence of preterm birth among reproductive-aged women remains a major public health problem in SSA. Preterm birth was affected by various socio-economic and obstetrical factors. Therefore, it is better to consider the high-risk groups during intervention to prevent the short-term and long-term consequences of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Gebrie Worku
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adugnaw Zeleke Alem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Baskaradoss JK, Geevarghese A. Utilization of dental services among low and middle income pregnant, post-partum and six-month post-partum women. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:120. [PMID: 32312257 PMCID: PMC7171727 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the difference in the utilization pattern of dental services among pregnant, post-partum and six-month post-partum women. Methods This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed at two maternity and child care hospitals in India that primarily cater to middle and low income communities. Data were collected from 3 groups: 1) pregnant women in their first trimester; 2) post-partum women (< 48 h after delivery); and 3) six-month post-partum women. The primary outcome of interest was dental service utilization during pregnancy. Self-perceived oral health (SPOH) was calculated based on the four global dimensions- knowledge, function, quality of life and social. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the effect of each independent variable after adjustment for the effect of all other variables in the model. Results Responses of 450 (150 pregnant, 150 post-partum and 150 six-month post-partum) women were analyzed (response rate = 72%). Significant differences in the dental attendance pattern was observed between the study groups (p < 0.01). Dental attendance among pregnant and six-month post-partum women were 60 and 75%, respectively, however, only about 15% of the post-partum women reported to have sought dental care within the 6 months prior to the study. Post-partum women had the highest SPOH scores, indicating poor self-perceived oral health, followed by pregnant and then six-month post-partum women, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A significantly higher percentage of post-partum women reported to have poor oral and general health, as compared to both, pregnant and six-month post-partum women (p < 0.01). Higher percentage of women reporting ‘good’ oral and general health had sought dental care compared with others (p < 0.01). After adjusting for all the other variables in the model, women with lower levels of education (ORa = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.01–2.00), women with poor self-perceived oral health (ORa = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.14) and post-partum women (ORa = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.09–0.24) were found to be less likely to seek regular dental care. Conclusion Pattern of dental service utilization among women in this population varied according to their pregnancy status, level of education and self-perceived oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Amrita Geevarghese
- Resident, Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Manrique-Corredor EJ, Orozco-Beltran D, Lopez-Pineda A, Quesada JA, Gil-Guillen VF, Carratala-Munuera C. Maternal periodontitis and preterm birth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 47:243-251. [PMID: 30812054 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between periodontitis and preterm birth in women of childbearing age. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review included analytical case-control studies and prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth. Of the 3104 screened articles, 31 met the inclusion criteria for the review, and 20 met the quality criteria. The selected studies included a total of 10 215 women. RESULTS Twenty articles contributed to the meta-analysis; 16 used a case-control design, and 4 were prospective cohort studies. The study heterogeneity was low (Q = 24.2464; P = 0.1869; I2 = 21.63%). A positive association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth was found in 60% of the studies. Under the random-effects model, meta-analysis gave an odds ratio (OR) of 2.01 (95% CI 1.71, 2.36), representing a significant positive association between the explanatory and outcome variables. CONCLUSION Pregnant mothers with periodontitis double the risk of preterm birth. There is a lack of international consensus for diagnosing maternal periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwar J Manrique-Corredor
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.,Chair of Family Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Lopez-Pineda
- Chair of Family Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose A Quesada
- Chair of Family Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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Soltani M, Tabatabaee HR, Saeidinejat S, Eslahi M, Yaghoobi H, Mazloumi E, Rajabi A, Ghasemi A, Keyghobadi N, Enayatrad M, Noori A, Hashemi SA, Zolfizadeh F, Mahdavi S, Valadbeigi T, Etemad K, Taghipour A, Salehnasab C, Hajipour M. Assessing the risk factors before pregnancy of preterm births in Iran: a population-based case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:57. [PMID: 30727983 PMCID: PMC6364407 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth is a major cause of prenatal and postnatal mortality particularly in developing countries. This study investigated the maternal risk factors associated with the risk of preterm birth. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in several provinces of Iran on 2463 mothers referred to health care centers. Appropriate descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to evaluate the association between maternal risk factors and the risk of preterm birth. All tests were two-sided, and P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results The mean gestational age was 31.5 ± 4.03 vs. 38.8 ± 1.06 weeks in the case and control groups, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between preterm birth and mother’s age and ethnicity. Women of Balooch ethnicity and age ≥ 35 years were significantly more likely to develop preterm birth (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01–-2.44 and OR: 9.72; 95% CI: 3.07–30.78, respectively). However, no statistically significant association was observed between preterm birth and mother’s place of residence, level of education, past history of cesarean section, and BMI. Conclusion Despite technological advances in the health care system, preterm birth still remains a major concern for health officials. Providing appropriate perinatal health care services as well as raising the awareness of pregnant women, especially for high-risk groups, can reduce the proportion of preventable preterm births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Soltani
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit(RCRDU), Birjand University of Medical Sciences(BUMS), Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Tabatabaee
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahin Saeidinejat
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Eslahi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Halime Yaghoobi
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mazloumi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Keyghobadi
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology, Health Faculty, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mostafa Enayatrad
- Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Noori
- Medical Education, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Aliasghar Hashemi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zolfizadeh
- Health Care Management, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mahdavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Tannaz Valadbeigi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Cancer Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Faculty of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cirruse Salehnasab
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hajipour
- Student Research Committee, Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gesase N, Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Mahande MJ, Masenga G. The association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:601-611. [PMID: 30602993 PMCID: PMC6307003 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For the past two decades, studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Objectives To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes among women delivering at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). Methods This cross-sectional study was based on the use of patients' files, clinical examinations and oral interviews with mothers who delivered at the KCMC. Pregnant women with singleton babies (N=1117) who delivered at the KCMC were recruited for the study. Intra-oral examination was performed within five days of birth. The Community Periodontal Index was used to assess periodontal disease Results The prevalence of periodontal disease was 14.2%. Periodontal disease was significantly associated with higher odds of pre-eclampsia [adjusted Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval (aOR=4.12;95%CI:2.20–7.90)], low birth weight (aOR=2.41;95%-CI:1.34–4.33) and preterm birth (aOR=2.32;95%CI:1.33–4.27). There was no significant association between periodontal disease and preterm premature rupture of membranes (aORs 1.83;95%CI:0.75–4.21) and eclampsia (3.71;95%CI:0.80–17.13). Conclusion Maternal periodontal disease is a potential independent risk indicator for pre-eclampsia, low birth weight, and preterm birth. Periodontal assessment and therapy should form part of the preventive antenatal care provided to women in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyobasi Gesase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC)/Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMU College), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry & Periodontal Medicine Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Hospital Dentistry & Periodontal Medicine Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Lahor-Soler
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry & Periodontal Medicine Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael J Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Institute of Public Health. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMU College), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard Masenga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC)/Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMU College), Moshi, Tanzania
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Al Qahtani NA, Joseph B, Deepthi A, Vijayakumari BK. Prevalence of chronic periodontitis and its risk determinants among female patients in the Aseer Region of KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:241-248. [PMID: 31435246 PMCID: PMC6694882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of chronic periodontitis and its determinants among patients in the Aseer Region of KSA. METHODS A total of 1000 consecutive new female patients between 25- to 75-years of age were screened for the presence of any periodontal disease. The various demographic characteristics of the study participants included age, educational level, occupation, presence of diabetes mellitus, family history of periodontal disease, and oral hygiene practices per subject were recorded. The parameters addressing periodontal prevalence and severity were also recorded. RESULTS Of these patients, 457 were found to have evidence of periodontal disease. These patients were considered for a further detailed periodontal examination. The chi-square test for goodness of fit showed that 46.6% have localized chronic gingivitis while 2.2% have generalized chronic gingivitis. Localized chronic periodontitis ranged from 4.2% to 12%, whereas generalized chronic periodontitis varied from 3.1 to 14.7%. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis chi-square statistics showed that factors such as age, education, occupation, infrequent last dental visit, presence of diabetes mellitus and bleeding on probing were significant risk determinants for periodontal disease in the selected cohort. CONCLUSION The majority of the population showed the presence of localized chronic gingivitis. Age, education, occupation, infrequent dental visits and presence of diabetes mellitus are significant risk determinants for the occurrence of chronic periodontitis. Information concerning individual risk for developing periodontal disease should be carefully evaluated for proper patient management and for better overall general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeeh A. Al Qahtani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Betsy Joseph
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
| | - Angelin Deepthi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
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Slingerland AE, Schwabkey Z, Wiesnoski DH, Jenq RR. Clinical Evidence for the Microbiome in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:400. [PMID: 28446909 PMCID: PMC5388779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence is accumulating for a role of the microbiome in contributing to or modulating severity of inflammatory diseases. These studies can be organized by various organ systems involved, as well as type of study approach utilized, whether investigators compared the microbiome of cases versus controls, followed patients longitudinally, or intervened with antibiotics, prebiotics, or bacterial introduction. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence supporting the microbiome as an important mechanism in the onset and maintenance of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Slingerland
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zaker Schwabkey
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana H Wiesnoski
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Vieira AT, Fukumori C, Ferreira CM. New insights into therapeutic strategies for gut microbiota modulation in inflammatory diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e87. [PMID: 27757227 PMCID: PMC5067953 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut microbiota and the host immune system is very important for balancing and resolving inflammation. The human microbiota begins to form during childbirth; the complex interaction between bacteria and host cells becomes critical for the formation of a healthy or a disease-promoting microbiota. C-section delivery, formula feeding, a high-sugar diet, a high-fat diet and excess hygiene negatively affect the health of the microbiota. Considering that the majority of the global population has experienced at least one of these factors that can lead to inflammatory disease, it is important to understand strategies to modulate the gut microbiota. In this review, we will discuss new insights into gut microbiota modulation as potential strategies to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases. Owing to the great advances in tools for microbial analysis, therapeutic strategies such as prebiotic, probiotic and postbiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation have gained popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claudio Fukumori
- Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
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Risk factors of periodontal disease: review of the literature. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:182513. [PMID: 24963294 PMCID: PMC4055151 DOI: 10.1155/2014/182513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This paper aims to review the evidence on the potential roles of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with periodontal disease. Data. Original articles that reported on the risk factors for periodontal disease were included. Sources. MEDLINE (1980 to Jan 2014), PubMed (using medical subject headings), and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms in different combinations: "periodontal disease," "periodontitis," "risk factors," and "causal." This was supplemented by hand-searching in peer-reviewed journals and cross-referenced with the articles accessed. Conclusions. It is important to understand the etiological factors and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease to recognize and appreciate the associated risk factors. As periodontal disease is multifactorial, effective disease management requires a clear understanding of all the associated risk factors.
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Hope CK, Wang Q, Burnside G, Adeyemi AA, Quenby S, Smith PW, Higham SM, Whitworth M. Assessing the association between oral hygiene and preterm birth by quantitative light-induced fluorescence. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:374694. [PMID: 24511282 PMCID: PMC3913385 DOI: 10.1155/2014/374694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the purported link between oral hygiene and preterm birth by using image analysis tools to quantify dental plaque biofilm. Volunteers (n = 91) attending an antenatal clinic were identified as those considered to be "at high risk" of preterm delivery (i.e., a previous history of idiopathic preterm delivery, case group) or those who were not considered to be at risk (control group). The women had images of their anterior teeth captured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). These images were analysed to calculate the amount of red fluorescent plaque (ΔR%) and percentage of plaque coverage. QLF showed little difference in ΔR% between the two groups, 65.00% case versus 68.70% control, whereas there was 19.29% difference with regard to the mean plaque coverage, 25.50% case versus 20.58% control. A logistic regression model showed a significant association between plaque coverage and case/control status (P = 0.031), controlling for other potential predictor variables, namely, smoking status, maternal age, and body mass index (BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Hope
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Girvan Burnside
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Adejumoke A. Adeyemi
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Division of Reproductive Health, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Philip W. Smith
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Susan M. Higham
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Melissa Whitworth
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Centre for Women's Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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Baskaradoss JK, Geevarghese A, Al Dosari AAF. Causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the role of maternal periodontal status - a review of the literature. Open Dent J 2012; 6:79-84. [PMID: 22615718 PMCID: PMC3355349 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601206010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm (PT) and Low birth weight (LBW) are considered to be the most relevant biological determinants of newborn infants survival, both in developed and in developing countries. Numerous risk factors for PT and LBW have been defined in the literature. Infections of the genitourinary tract infections along with various biological and genetic factors are considered to be the most common etiological factors for PT/LBW deliveries. However, evidence suggests that sub-clinical infection sites that are also distant from the genitor-urinary tract may be an important cause for PT/LBW deliveries. Maternal periodontal status has also been reported by many authors as a possible risk factor for PT and LBW, though not all of the actual data support such hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence from various published literature on the association between the maternal periodontal status and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although this review found a consistent association between periodontitis and PT/LBW, this finding should be treated with great caution until the sources of heterogeneity can be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- Dental Implant & Osseointegration Research Chair (DIORC), College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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