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Blazevich M, Miles C. The Presence of Bacteremia in 13 Dogs Undergoing Oral Surgery Without the Use of Antibiotic Therapy. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:312-323. [PMID: 37997386 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231207208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess if transient bacteremia developed from dental scaling, root planing (SRP) and dental extraction(s), if the bacteria originated from oral flora, and if the amount of bacteremia produced would warrant the use of pre-, intra-, or post-operative antibiotic therapy in healthy canine patients. Blood cultures were obtained from 13 healthy dogs with chronic periodontal disease that necessitated the extraction of one tooth or multiple teeth. Patients included did not receive any antibiotic therapy for a minimum of 2 weeks prior to their scheduled procedure and did not receive antibiotic therapy intra- or post-operatively. Blood collection occurred at specific time increments to determine the presence of bacteremia and if clearance of the bacteremia occurred post-procedure. The study found transient bacteremia developed at different time increments throughout the dental procedure. At the time of the final sample collection, no bacterial growth was evident in any of the blood cultures. Results of the blood cultures indicated that only four of 13 dogs had evidence of bacterial growth at any one of the time increments; however, by the final collection, there was no bacterial growth suggesting the transient bacteremia had cleared without the use of systemic antimicrobial therapy. The study findings indicate that systemic antibiotic usage is not warranted for severe periodontal disease where an episode of transient bacteremia is produced from SRP and dental extractions in an otherwise healthy patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Blazevich
- Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialist, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Liu W, Song A, Wu Y, Gong P, Zhao J, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang R, Guo H, Yang P. Enhanced immunomodulation and periodontal regeneration efficacy of subgingivally delivered progranulin-loaded hydrogel as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment for Class II furcation involvement in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:774-786. [PMID: 38462847 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of subgingival delivery of progranulin (PGRN)/gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) complex as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on an experimental periodontitis dog model with Class II furcation involvement (FI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A Class II FI model was established, and the defects were divided into four treatment groups: (a) no treatment (control); (b) SRP; (c) SRP + GelMA; (d) SRP + PGRN/GelMA. Eight weeks after treatment, periodontal parameters were recorded, gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue were collected for ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively, and mandibular tissue blocks were collected for micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS The SRP + PGRN/GelMA group showed significant improvement in all periodontal parameters compared with those in the other groups. The expression of markers related to M1 macrophage and Th17 cell significantly decreased, and the expression of markers related to M2 macrophage and Treg cell significantly increased in the SRP + PGRN/GelMA group compared with those in the other groups. The volume, quality and area of new bone and the length of new cementum in the root furcation defects of the PGRN/GelMA group were significantly increased compared to those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Subgingival delivery of the PGRN/GelMA complex could be a promising non-surgical adjunctive therapy for anti-inflammation, immunomodulation and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Aimei Song
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yixi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Pizhang Gong
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruwei Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
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3
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Krieger M, AbdelRahman YM, Choi D, Palmer EA, Yoo A, McGuire S, Kreth J, Merritt J. Stratification of Fusobacterium nucleatum by local health status in the oral cavity defines its subspecies disease association. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:479-488.e4. [PMID: 38479393 PMCID: PMC11018276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous inflammophilic oral pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is widely recognized for its strong association with inflammatory dysbiotic diseases and cancer. Fn is subdivided into four subspecies, which are historically considered functionally interchangeable in the oral cavity. To test this assumption, we analyzed patient-matched dental plaque and odontogenic abscess clinical specimens and examined whether an inflammatory environment selects for/against particular Fn subspecies. Dental plaque harbored a greater diversity of fusobacteria, with Fn. polymorphum dominating, whereas odontogenic abscesses were exceptionally biased for the largely uncharacterized organism Fn. animalis. Comparative genomic analyses revealed significant genotypic distinctions among Fn subspecies that correlate with their preferred ecological niches and support a taxonomic reassignment of each as a distinct Fusobacterium species. Despite originating as a low-abundance organism in dental plaque, Fn. animalis typically outcompetes other oral fusobacteria within the inflammatory abscess environment, which may explain its prevalence in other oral and extraoral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Krieger
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yasser M AbdelRahman
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Predicine, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Dongseok Choi
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA; School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Palmer
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sean McGuire
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
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Melanie P, Niola C, Plataroti I, Mancini S, Fratini F. Use of Ozone in Veterinary Dentistry as an Alternative to Conventional Antibiotics and Antiseptics. Vet Sci 2024; 11:163. [PMID: 38668430 PMCID: PMC11053877 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to assess the disinfecting capacity of a double-distilled ozonated water solution as an alternative to common antibiotic and antiseptic devices. Seventy-five dogs were subjected to the surgical procedures of scaling and dental extraction and included in three study groups: Group 1 subjected to antibiotic pre-treatment (association amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and ampicillin + metronidazole) and disinfection with chlorhexidine, and Group 2 and 3 devoid of preventive anti-microbial treatment in which disinfection was performed, respectively, with ozonated water and chlorhexidine. Sampling by bacteriological buffer was carried out to evaluate the bacterial count in the oral cavity. The analysis of the samples determined the total mesophilic bacterial count by seeding on the culture medium via the inclusion of PCA (Plate Count Agar). The results highlighted the anti-bacterial efficacy of intra-operative ozone as an alternative to pre-surgical antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Melanie
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (S.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Carlotta Niola
- Veterinary Practiotioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato “A.M.S”, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Plataroti
- Veterinary Practiotioner, VetPartners, Ospedale Veterinario “Leonardo da Vinci”, 50059 Spicchio-Sovigliana, Italy;
| | - Simone Mancini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (S.M.); (F.F.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.M.); (S.M.); (F.F.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Krieger M, AbdelRahman YM, Choi D, Palmer EA, Yoo A, McGuire S, Kreth J, Merritt J. The prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies in the oral cavity stratifies by local health status. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.563997. [PMID: 37961321 PMCID: PMC10634819 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.563997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous inflammophilic pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum is widely recognized for its strong association with a variety of human dysbiotic diseases such as periodontitis and oral/extraoral abscesses, as well as multiple types of cancer. F. nucleatum is currently subdivided into four subspecies: F. nucleatum subspecies nucleatum (Fn. nucleatum), animalis (Fn. animalis), polymorphum (Fn. polymorphum), and vincentii/fusiforme (Fn. vincentii). Although these subspecies have been historically considered as functionally interchangeable in the oral cavity, direct clinical evidence is largely lacking for this assertion. Consequently, we assembled a collection of oral clinical specimens to determine whether F. nucleatum subspecies prevalence in the oral cavity stratifies by local oral health status. Patient-matched clinical specimens of both disease-free dental plaque and odontogenic abscess were analyzed with newly developed culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches using 44 and 60 oral biofilm/tooth abscess paired specimens, respectively. Most oral cavities were found to simultaneously harbor multiple F. nucleatum subspecies, with a greater diversity present within dental plaque compared to abscesses. In dental plaque, Fn. polymorphum is clearly the dominant organism, but this changes dramatically within odontogenic abscesses where Fn. animalis is heavily favored over all other fusobacteria. Surprisingly, the most commonly studied F. nucleatum subspecies, Fn. nucleatum, is only a minor constituent in the oral cavity. To gain further insights into the genetic basis for these phenotypes, we subsequently performed pangenome, phylogenetic, and functional enrichment analyses of oral fusobacterial genomes using the Anvi'o platform, which revealed significant genotypic distinctions among F. nucleatum subspecies. Accordingly, our results strongly support a taxonomic reassignment of each F. nucleatum subspecies into distinct Fusobacterium species. Of these, Fn. animalis should be considered as the most clinically relevant at sites of active inflammation, despite being among the least characterized oral fusobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Krieger
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yasser M. AbdelRahman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dongseok Choi
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Palmer
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sean McGuire
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
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Gawor JP, Ziemann D, Nicolas CS. A water additive with pomegranate can reduce dental plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1241197. [PMID: 37841470 PMCID: PMC10570843 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1241197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral homecare plays a major part in dental disease prevention but it can be difficult to perform and time-consuming. Furthermore, the product used can be of limited efficiency. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a water additive to limit the accumulation of plaque and calculus in dogs. Forty dogs were selected and randomly allocated to one of the two groups after scaling and polishing on day 0. The control group received no oral hygiene while the second group received the water additive (Vet Aquadent® FR3SH™, Virbac) every day. After 30 days, plaque and calculus accumulations were evaluated under anesthesia. The Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) was assessed on days 0 and 30. On day 30, the plaque and calculus indices were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) in the Aquadent group compared to the control group with median (Q1-Q3) scores of 1.22 (0.99-1.44) vs. 2.31 (1.65-3.86), respectively for plaque and 0.25 (0.15-0.42) vs. 0.33 (0.32-0.69) for calculus. Between day 0 and day 30, the GBI significantly decreased in the control group [from 0.39 (0.21-0.56) to 0.19 (0.08-0.29)] and in the Aquadent group [from 0.33 (0.18-0.47) to 0.00 (0.00-0.00)] but the decrease was significantly greater in the Aquadent group. These results show for the first time that the water additive tested can reduce dental deposit accumulation in dogs and improve gingival health. It can be recommended after a dental cleaning, especially to owners who are reluctant to provide dental care at home due to a lack of time or convenience.
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7
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Molecular microbiological characteristics of gingival pockets in the periodontal diseases of dogs. J Vet Res 2023; 67:115-122. [PMID: 37008776 PMCID: PMC10062037 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Canine periodontitis results among other factors from a disturbed balance of dental plaque microflora and an inadequate host inflammatory response to a stimulus. This investigation sought to identify microorganisms associated with canine periodontitis.
Material and Methods
Microbiological analysis was undertaken of gingival pockets in an experimental group of 36 dogs with periodontal diseases. Swabs were collected with the use of Pet Test (MIP Pharma, Berlin, Germany) from patients with gingival pockets deeper than 5 mm. Samples were aggregated and placed in separate shipping containers with the Pet Test kit.
Results
Identification was made of the most common microorganisms, e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia. The red complex constituted the largest proportion of all analysed organisms (84.26%). Capnocytophaga gingivalis was isolated from 33 dogs, Peptostreptococcus micros from 32 dogs, Fusobacterium nucleatum from 29 animals and P. intermedia from 20.
Conclusion
The highest percentage of pathogens was supplied by P. gingivalis (61%). It is thought that dogs acquire them by means of cross-species transmission. The inter-study variability of results may depend not only on the method of periopathogen detection, but also on environmental factors, host immune status or genetic background. Depending on the state of periodontal disease, patients show varied microbiological profiles of the gingival pockets.
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Stephen AS, Nicolas CS, Lloret F, Allaker RP. In vitro effectiveness of pomegranate extract present in pet oral hygiene products against canine oral bacterial species. Vet World 2022; 15:1714-1718. [PMID: 36185506 PMCID: PMC9394157 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1714-1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pomegranate is known to possess antibacterial properties, partly because of its punicalagin content. However, its effect on canine oral bacterial species has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pomegranate extract present in pet dental products on the growth and survival of five canine oral bacterial species in biofilms. Materials and Methods: Five bacterial species, Neisseria shayeganii, Neisseria canis, Porphyromonas gulae, Porphyromonas macacae, and Porphyromonas crevioricanis, were individually cultured for biofilm formation and exposed to pomegranate extract (or control) for 15 min. Cell survival was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and was compared between different conditions using a student’s t-test. In addition, the individual strains were grown in planktonic suspensions and exposed to serial dilutions of the extract to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: At a concentration of 0.035% w/v, the extract significantly reduced the survival of P. gulae (−39%, p < 0.001) and N. canis (−28%, p = 0.08) in biofilms. At similar concentrations, the extract also completely or partially inhibited the growth of N. canis and Porphyromonas spp. in planktonic suspensions, respectively. Conclusion: The pomegranate extract found in some pet dental products can limit bacterial growth and survival in the biofilms formed by N. canis and P. gulae in vitro. As P. gulae is involved in periodontal disease progression, limiting its proliferation using products containing pomegranate extract could contribute to disease prevention. Further studies on dogs receiving such products are necessary to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abish S. Stephen
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Fanny Lloret
- Petcare Products Development Unit, Virbac, Carros, France
| | - Robert P. Allaker
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Kwon D, Bae K, Kim H, Kim SH, Lee D, Lee JH. Treponema denticola as a prognostic biomarker for periodontitis in dogs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262859. [PMID: 35061858 PMCID: PMC8782364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common disorders in the oral cavity of dogs and humans. Periodontitis, the irreversible periodontal disease, arises progressively from gingivitis, the reversible inflammatory condition caused by dental plaque. Although the etiology of periodontitis has been widely studied in humans, it is still insufficient for the etiological studies on periodontitis in dogs. Many studies have reported that human periodontitis-related bacteria are putative pathogens responsible for periodontitis in dogs. However, most of these studies have focused on the appearance of a specific microbiome, and most of the cohort studies have insufficient sample sizes to generalize their results. In the present study, subgingival samples collected from 336 teeth were categorized into three groups at first, based on clinical outcomes (healthy, gingivitis, periodontitis). Subsequently, the periodontitis samples were further divided into three subgroups (early, moderate, and advanced periodontitis) according to the degree of periodontal attachment loss. Healthy and gingivitis were grouped as a reversible group, and the three subgroups were grouped as an irreversible group. To investigate trends of periodontopathic bacteria in the samples of dogs, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for quantification of 11 human periodontopathic bacteria as follows: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola (Td), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens. The PCR results showed that Aa and Pg, the representative periodontopathic bacteria, were not significantly correlated or associated with the periodontitis cases in dogs. However, interestingly, Td was strongly associated with the irreversible periodontal disease in dogs, in that it was the most prevalent bacterium detected from the dog samples. These findings indicate that the presence and numbers of Td could be used as a prognostic biomarker in predicting the irreversible periodontal disease and the disease severity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Kwon
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea
- May Veterinary Dental Hospital, Hannam-Dong Yongsan-Gu Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisuk Bae
- Bioscience Research Institute of BIOnME, Doyak-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonJo Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea
| | - Dongbin Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kačírová J, Maďari A, Mucha R, Fecskeová LK, Mujakic I, Koblížek M, Nemcová R, Maďar M. Study of microbiocenosis of canine dental biofilms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19776. [PMID: 34611253 PMCID: PMC8492755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental biofilm is a complex microbial community influenced by many exogenous and endogenous factors. Despite long-term studies, its bacterial composition is still not clearly understood. While most of the research on dental biofilms was conducted in humans, much less information is available from companion animals. In this study, we analyzed the composition of canine dental biofilms using both standard cultivation on solid media and amplicon sequencing, and compared the two approaches. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to define the bacterial community of canine dental biofilm with both, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. After DNA extraction from each sample, the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq platform. Isolated bacteria were identified using universal primers and Sanger sequencing. Representatives of 18 bacterial genera belonging to 5 phyla were isolated from solid media. Amplicon sequencing largely expanded this information identifying in total 284 operational taxonomic units belonging to 10 bacterial phyla. Amplicon sequencing revealed much higher diversity of bacteria in the canine dental biofilms, when compared to standard cultivation approach. In contrast, cultured representatives of several bacterial families were not identified by amplicon sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kačírová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Aladár Maďari
- University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lívia K Fecskeová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Izabela Mujakic
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Koblížek
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, 37901, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Nemcová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Maďar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Oba PM, Carroll MQ, Alexander C, Valentine H, Somrak AJ, Keating SCJ, Sage AM, Swanson KS. Microbiota populations in supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, and saliva habitats of adult dogs. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:38. [PMID: 34001282 PMCID: PMC8130298 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have relevance to health and disease. Despite their importance, the canine oral cavity microbial habitats have been poorly studied. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the oral microbiota of different habitats of dogs and (2) correlate oral health scores with bacterial taxa and identify what sites may be good options for understanding the role of microbiota in oral diseases. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) microbial habitats of 26 healthy adult female Beagle dogs (4.0 ± 1.2 year old) and identify taxa associated with periodontal disease indices. Results Bacterial species richness was highest for SAL, moderate for SUB, and lowest for SUP samples (p < 0.001). Unweighted and weighted principal coordinates plots showed clustering by habitat, with SAL and SUP samples being the most different from one another. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla in all habitats. Paludibacter, Filifactor, Peptostreptococcus, Fusibacter, Anaerovorax, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Desulfomicrobium, and TG5 were enriched in SUB samples, while Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Leucobacter, Euzebya, Capnocytophaga, Bergeyella, Lautropia, Lampropedia, Desulfobulbus, Enhydrobacter, and Moraxella were enriched in SUP samples. Prevotella, SHD-231, Helcococcus, Treponema, and Acholeplasma were enriched in SAL samples. p-75-a5, Arcobacter, and Pasteurella were diminished in SUB samples. Porphyromonas, Peptococcus, Parvimonas, and Campylobacter were diminished in SUP samples, while Tannerella, Proteocalla, Schwartzia, and Neisseria were diminished in SAL samples. Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher oral health scores (worsened health) in plaque samples. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the differences that exist among canine salivary, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque habitats. Salivary samples do not require sedation and are easy to collect, but do not accurately represent the plaque populations that are most important to oral disease. Plaque Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher (worse) oral health scores. Future studies analyzing samples from progressive disease stages are needed to validate these results and understand the role of bacteria in periodontal disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, 162 Animal Sciences Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Meredith Q Carroll
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, 162 Animal Sciences Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Celeste Alexander
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Helen Valentine
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Amy J Somrak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie C J Keating
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Adrianna M Sage
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, 162 Animal Sciences Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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12
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Almohandes A, Abrahamsson I, Dahlén G, Berglundh T. Effect of biofilm formation on implant abutments with an anti-bacterial coating: A pre-clinical in vivo study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 32:756-766. [PMID: 33715254 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the long-term effect of plaque formation on implant abutments with an antibacterial coating and the ensuing host response in peri-implant tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four implants were installed in each mandibular premolar region following tooth extraction in six dogs. Three months later, two test abutments with a titanium-bismuth-gallium (Ti-Bi-Ga) coating and two control titanium abutments were connected to the implants on each side of the mandible. After 2 months, ligatures were placed around the implants in one side of the mandible and plaque formation was allowed until the end of the experiment. The ligatures were removed after 4 weeks. Radiographs and microbiological samples were obtained from each implant site during the plaque formation period. Biopsies were obtained 8 months after abutment connection and prepared for histological analysis. RESULTS The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in bone loss, bacterial growth and size of inflammatory lesions between implant units with and without the Ti-Bi-Ga coating. Implant sites exposed to the short period of ligature-induced breakdown demonstrated more pronounced bone loss and bacterial growth than non-ligature sites. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that a Ti-Bi-Ga coating does not prevent biofilm formation on the implant device and does not influence the ensuing host response in the adjacent peri-implant mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Almohandes
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Wallis C, Milella L, Colyer A, O'Flynn C, Harris S, Holcombe LJ. Subgingival microbiota of dogs with healthy gingiva or early periodontal disease from different geographical locations. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:7. [PMID: 33407419 PMCID: PMC7789547 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is the most common oral disease of dogs worldwide and results from a complex interplay between plaque bacteria, the host and environmental factors. Recent studies have enhanced our understanding of the associations between the plaque microbiota and canine periodontal disease. These studies, however, were limited in their geographical reach. Thus associations between the canine oral microbiota and geographical location were investigated by determining the composition of subgingival plaque samples from 587 dogs residing in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), China and Thailand using 454-pyrosequencing. RESULTS After quality filtering 6,944,757 sequence reads were obtained and clustering of these at ≥98% sequence resulted in 280 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) following exclusion of rare OTUs (present at < 0.05% in all four countries). The subgingival plaque from dog populations located in the UK, USA, China and Thailand had a similar composition although the abundance of certain taxa varied significantly among geographical locations. Exploration of the effect of clinical status and age revealed a marked similarity among the bacteria associated with increased age and those associated with gingivitis: Young dogs and those with no gingivitis were dominated by taxa from the phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria whereas older dogs and those with moderate gingivitis were dominated by members of the Firmicutes. The plaque microbiota of small breed dogs was found to significantly differ to medium and large breeds and was dominated by species belonging to the Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS The bacterial associations with health, gingivitis and periodontitis were conserved across dogs from the UK, USA, China and Thailand. These bacterial signatures of periodontal health and disease have potential as biomarkers for disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wallis
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - L Milella
- The Veterinary Dental Surgery, Byfleet, Surrey, UK
| | - A Colyer
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - C O'Flynn
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S Harris
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
| | - L J Holcombe
- WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, Mars Petcare UK, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK
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14
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Silva NS, Borsanelli AC, Gaetti-Jardim Júnior E, Schweitzer CM, Silveira JAS, Bomjardim HA, Dutra IS, Barbosa JD. Subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is an inflammatory response in a susceptible host caused by complex microbiota, predominantly composed of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Aiming to characterize the subgingival bacterial microbiota associated with ovine periodontitis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in subgingival periodontal pocket samples of 14 sheep with severe periodontitis and in subgingival sulcus biofilm of 14 periodontally healthy sheep in search mainly of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms considered important periodontopathogens. The most prevalent bacteria in the sheep with periodontal lesions were Tannerella forsythia (78.6%), Treponema denticola (78.6%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (64.3%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (50%), whereas in the healthy sheep, F. nucleatum (42.8%) was the most often detected bacterium. Statistically significant differences were observed for Campylobacter rectus, Enterococcus faecium, Prevotella nigrescens, T. forsythia, and T. denticola (p<0.05) in the sheep with periodontitis in the comparison between groups. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Porphyromonas gulae were not detected in any of the samples analyzed. In conclusion, C. rectus, E. faecium, P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, and T. denticola were associated with severe lesions caused by ovine periodontitis, and F. nucleatum was the most prevalent microorganism in the subgengival sulcus biofilm of healthy sheep.
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15
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Zhu B, Meng H, Huang B, Chen Z, Lu R. Detection of T. forsythia and other important bacteria in crestal and subcrestal implants with ligature-induced peri-implant infection in dogs. J Periodontol 2018; 90:306-313. [PMID: 30222195 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to compare peri-implant microbial colonization of inflamed implants placed at different levels in dogs. METHODS Two screwed-in (SI) and two tapped-in (TI) conical connection implants were placed on each side of mandibles in six dogs respectively. Four experimental groups were constituted according to implant types and placement depth in one side: SI crestally (SIC), SI 1.5 mm subcrestally (SIS), TI crestally (TIC), and TI 1.5 mm subcrestally (TIS). Plaque accumulation of implants was promoted by cotton ligatures at either side randomly selected in each dog four weeks after abutment connection. Peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples were collected at 4 weeks, 10 weeks, and 16 weeks after abutment connection. Common periodontal pathogens in PISF were analyzed by PCR and realtime-PCR to investigate the influence of placement depth on microbial accumulation. The microbial results were further correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS At ligatured sides, detection rates of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis increased significantly in four groups. T. forsythia levels increased significantly from baseline in four groups at ligatured sides at 16 weeks (p < 0.05). TIS group harbored significantly more T. forsythia than TIC at ligatured sides at 16 weeks (p < 0.05). At ligatured sides, probing depth was correlated to T. forsythia level in four groups as well as in total. CONCLUSIONS Subcrestal placement could increase the peri-implant T. forsythia level at the early stage of peri-implantitis. The T. forsythia level in the peri-implant sulcus is associated with probing depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiBin Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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16
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Ramos UD, Suaid F, Wikesjö UM, Susin C, Vital PC, de Souza SLS, Messora MR, Palioto DB, Novaes AB. Microbiologic effect of two topical anti-infective treatments on ligature-induced peri-implantitis: A pilot study in dogs. J Periodontol 2018; 89:995-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Demoner Ramos
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Flavia Suaid
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ulf M.E. Wikesjö
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration; Augusta University; The Dental College of Georgia; Augusta GA
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration; Augusta University; The Dental College of Georgia; Augusta GA
| | - Patrícia Conde Vital
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luis Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Arthur Belém Novaes
- Department of Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo Brazil
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17
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The occurrence of Treponema spp. in gingival plaque from dogs with varying degree of periodontal disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201888. [PMID: 30092089 PMCID: PMC6084996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is common in dogs and is initiated by gingival plaque composed of several hundred bacterial species. Some of these species have specifically been pointed out as potential periodontal pathogens, such as Treponema spp. Treponema spp. are difficult to culture and therefore the majority have been detected by culture-independent methods, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). This leaves many Treponema spp. uncharacterized and unnamed. In this study, treponemes were investigated in gingival plaque from dogs with varying degree of periodontal disease with the aim to describe their occurrence and diversity in dogs. The methods used were culture, phase-contrast microscopy, PCR targeting the 16SrRNA-tRNAIle intergenic spacer region (ISR2), sequencing of the ISR2 and phylogenetic analysis. Treponema spp. were detected in samples from 10 out of 11 dogs and isolates were obtained from six dogs. Both healthy and periodontitis affected dogs were Treponema positive. Phylogenetic analysis, based on ISR2 sequences, revealed a large diversity of treponemes in the study population that were found to be distributed mainly in two groups, corresponding to the human oral treponeme phylogroups II (Treponema denticola) and IV (Treponema maltophilum) genetic groups. They were generally more distantly related to other treponemes in these groups. Treponemes from dogs with periodontitis and dogs with mild gingivitis without periodontitis did not differ in any obvious way. The results indicate that several phylotypes of oral treponemes are common in dogs regardless of periodontal status.
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18
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Borsanelli AC, Lappin DF, Viora L, Bennett D, Dutra IS, Brandt BW, Riggio MP. Microbiomes associated with bovine periodontitis and oral health. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Donos N, Park JC, Vajgel A, de Carvalho Farias B, Dereka X. Description of the periodontal pocket in preclinical models: limitations and considerations. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:16-34. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Sanguansermsri P, Nobbs A, Jenkinson H, Surarit R. Interspecies dynamics among bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 33:59-67. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sanguansermsri
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Public Health; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Mahidol University; Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - A.H. Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - H.F. Jenkinson
- Bristol Dental School; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - R. Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology; Faculty of Dentistry; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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21
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Porphyromonas gulae Activates Unprimed and Gamma Interferon-Primed Macrophages via the Pattern Recognition Receptors Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and NOD2. Infect Immun 2017. [PMID: 28630066 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00282-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gulae is an anaerobic, Gram-negative coccobacillus that has been associated with periodontal disease in companion animals. The aims of this study were to analyze the ligation of pattern recognition receptors by P. gulae and the subsequent activation of macrophages. Exposure of HEK cells transfected with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or NOD-like receptors to P. gulae resulted in the ligation of TLR2, TLR4, and NOD2. The effects of this engagement of receptors were investigated by measuring the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), CD86 expression, and inflammatory cytokine production by wild-type, TLR2-/-, and TLR4-/- macrophages. The addition of P. gulae to unprimed and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-primed (M1 phenotype) macrophages significantly increased the surface expression of CD86, but only M1 macrophages produced nitric oxide. P. gulae-induced expression of CD86 on unprimed macrophages was dependent on both TLR2 and TLR4, but CD86 expression and NO production in M1 macrophages were only TLR2 dependent. P. gulae induced an increase in secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) by M1 macrophages compared to that by unprimed controls. Among these cytokines, secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by M1 macrophages was dependent on either TLR2 or TLR4. Our data indicate that TLR2 and TLR4 are important for P. gulae activation of unprimed macrophages and that activation and effector functions induced in M1 macrophages by P. gulae are mainly dependent on TLR2. In conclusion, P. gulae induces a strong TLR2-dependent inflammatory M1 macrophage response which may be important in establishing the chronic inflammation associated with periodontal disease in companion animals.
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22
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Gołyńska M, Polkowska I, Bartoszcze-Tomaszewska M, Sobczyńska-Rak A, Matuszewski Ł. Molecular-level evaluation of selected periodontal pathogens from subgingival regions in canines and humans with periodontal disease. J Vet Sci 2017; 18:51-58. [PMID: 27297417 PMCID: PMC5366302 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs commonly serve as a model for various human conditions, including periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the anaerobic bacteria that colonize the subgingival areas in dogs and humans by using rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based tests and to compare the results obtained in each species. Bacterial microflora evaluations, both quantitative and qualitative, were performed by applying ready-made tests on twelve dogs and twelve humans. Five samples were collected from each subject's deepest gingival pockets and joined to form a collective sample. The results of the study revealed interspecies similarities in the prevalences of Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Red complex bacteria comprised the largest portion of the studied bacterial complexes in all study groups, with P. gingivalis being the most commonly isolated bacterium. The results show similarities in the prevalence of bacterial microflora in dogs and humans. Microbiological analysis of gingival pockets by using rapid real-time PCR-based tests in clinical practice, both veterinary and human, can facilitate the choice of appropriate pharmacological treatment and can provide a basis for subsequent verification of the treatment's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gołyńska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Polkowska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Sobczyńska-Rak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Matuszewski
- Children's Orthopaedic Clinic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Borsanelli AC, Gaetti-Jardim E, Schweitzer CM, Viora L, Busin V, Riggio MP, Dutra IS. Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria associated with ovine periodontitis. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:271-274. [PMID: 28619155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melalinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Borsanelli
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Viora
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valentina Busin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Iveraldo S Dutra
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Kim S, Hwang S, Jeong M, Lee Y, Lee E, Park Y, Ahn J, Kim S, Seo K. Clinical and microbiological effects of a subantimicrobial dose of oral doxycycline on periodontitis in dogs. Vet J 2016; 208:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Pasupuleti MK, Molahally SS, Salwaji S. Ethical guidelines, animal profile, various animal models used in periodontal research with alternatives and future perspectives. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:360-368. [PMID: 28298815 PMCID: PMC5341308 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.186931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal models serve as a facilitator to investigate the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, are used to know the efficacy of reconstructive and regenerative procedures, and are also helpful in evaluation of newer therapeutic techniques including laser and implant therapies prior to application in the human beings. The aim of this review is to know the different animal models used in various specialties of dental research and to know the ethical guidelines prior to the usage of experimental models with main emphasis on how to refine, replace, and reduce the number of animal models usage in the laboratory. An online search for experimental animal models used in dental research was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed database. Publications from 2009 to May 2013 in the specialty of periodontics were included in writing this review. A total of 652 references were published in PubMed/MEDLINE databases based on the search terms used. Out of 245 studies, 241 were related to the periodontal research published in English from 2009 to 2013. Relevant papers were chosen according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extensive electronic and hand search on animal models, it has been observed that various animal models were used in dental research. Search on animal models used for dental research purpose revealed that various animals such as rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbit, beagle dogs, goats, and nonhuman primates were extensively used. However, with the new advancement of ex vivo animal models, it has become easy to investigate disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy of newer therapeutic modalities with the reduced usage of animal models. This review summarized the large amount of literature on animal models used in periodontal research with main emphasis on ethical guidelines and on reducing the animal model usage in future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti
- Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Supraja Salwaji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Wallis C, Marshall M, Colyer A, O'Flynn C, Deusch O, Harris S. A longitudinal assessment of changes in bacterial community composition associated with the development of periodontal disease in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:271-82. [PMID: 26507828 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the most widespread oral disease in dogs. Whilst the involvement of bacteria in the aetiology of periodontitis is well established the role of individual species and their complex interactions with the host is not well understood. The objective of this research was therefore to perform a longitudinal study in dogs to identify the changes that occur in subgingival bacterial communities during the transition from mild gingivitis to the early stages of periodontitis (<25% attachment loss). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from individual teeth of 52 miniature schnauzer dogs every six weeks for up to 60 weeks. The microbial composition of plaque samples was determined using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA. A group of aerobic Gram negative species, including Bergeyella zoohelcum COT-186, Moraxella sp. COT-017, Pasteurellaceae sp. COT-080, and Neisseria shayeganii COT-090 decreased in proportion as teeth progressed to mild periodontitis. In contrast, there was less evidence that increases in the proportion of individual species were associated with the onset of periodontitis, although a number of species (particularly members of the Firmicutes) became more abundant as gingivitis severity increased. There were small increases in Shannon diversity, suggesting that plaque community membership remains relatively stable but that bacterial proportions change during progression into periodontitis. This is the first study to demonstrate the temporal dynamics of the canine oral microbiota; it showed that periodontitis results from a microbial succession predominantly characterised by a reduction of previously abundant, health associated taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrin Wallis
- The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Mark Marshall
- The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Alison Colyer
- The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Ciaran O'Flynn
- The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Oliver Deusch
- The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Stephen Harris
- The WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK.
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Carcuac O, Abrahamsson I, Charalampakis G, Berglundh T. The effect of the local use of chlorhexidine in surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:196-203. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Carcuac
- Department of Periodontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ingemar Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Georgios Charalampakis
- Department of Periodontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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Khazandi M, Bird PS, Owens J, Wilson G, Meyer JN, Trott DJ. In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease. Anaerobe 2014; 28:104-8. [PMID: 24930431 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common disease of dogs and cats often requiring antimicrobial treatment as an adjunct to mechanical debridement. However, correct compliance with oral antimicrobial therapy in companion animals is often difficult. Cefovecin is a recently introduced veterinary cephalosporin that has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days. Subgingival samples were collected from the oral cavity of 29 dogs and eight cats exhibiting grade 2 or grade 3 periodontal disease. Samples were cultivated on Wilkin Chalgrens agar and incubated in an anaerobic chamber for seven days. Selected anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for cefovecin and six additional antimicrobials using the agar dilution methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The 65 clinical isolates were identified as Porphyromonas gulae (n = 45), Porphyromonas crevioricanis (n = 12), Porphyromonas macacae (n = 1), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (n = 1) Fusobacterium nucleatum (n = 2), Fusobacterium russii (n = 1) and Solobacterium moorei (n = 3). This is the first report of S. moorei being isolated from companion animals with periodontal disease. All isolates were highly susceptible to cefovecin, with a MIC90 of ≤0.125 μg/ml. Conversely, different resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin between isolates were detected. Cefovecin is thus shown to be effective in vitro against anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Khazandi
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy 5371, Australia.
| | - Philip S Bird
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Jane Owens
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gary Wilson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - James N Meyer
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy 5371, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy 5371, Australia
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Di Bello A, Buonavoglia A, Franchini D, Valastro C, Ventrella G, Greco MF, Corrente M. Periodontal disease associated with red complex bacteria in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:160-3. [PMID: 24450418 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Red complex bacteria (Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) play a major role in the aetiology of periodontal disease in humans. This study was designed to evaluate the association of such bacteria with periodontal disease in dogs. METHODS Seventy-three subgingival samples taken from dogs ranging from 2 months to 12 years (median age 4 years) were tested for red complex bacteria using a polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS Thirty-six of 73 (49 · 3%) dogs were found to be positive for T. forsythia and P. gingivalis. Dogs with gingivitis or periodontitis were more likely to be infected with T. forsythia and P. gingivalis [odds ratio (OR) 5 · 4 (confidence interval (CI) 1 · 9-15 · 6), P = 0 · 002] than healthy animals. Only 3 (4 · 1%) of 73 samples were positive for red complex bacteria, but the association with periodontal disease was not significant. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results indicate that involvement of red complex bacteria in periodontal disease in dogs is similar to that observed in humans. Only the concurrent presence of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis were correlated to periodontal disease in dogs in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Bello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Davis IJ, Wallis C, Deusch O, Colyer A, Milella L, Loman N, Harris S. A cross-sectional survey of bacterial species in plaque from client owned dogs with healthy gingiva, gingivitis or mild periodontitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83158. [PMID: 24349448 PMCID: PMC3862762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the most widespread oral disease in dogs which if left untreated results in significant pain to the pet and loss of dentition. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial species in canine plaque that are significantly associated with health, gingivitis and mild periodontitis (<25% attachment loss). In this survey subgingival plaque samples were collected from 223 dogs with healthy gingiva, gingivitis and mild periodontitis with 72 to 77 samples per health status. DNA was extracted from the plaque samples and subjected to PCR amplification of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA. Pyrosequencing of the PCR amplicons identified a total of 274 operational taxonomic units after bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus in all disease stages, particularly in health along with Moraxella and Bergeyella. Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, and Peptostreptococcaceae were the most abundant genera in mild periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis identified species from each of these genera that were significantly associated with health, gingivitis or mild periodontitis. Principal component analysis showed distinct community profiles in health and disease. The species identified show some similarities with health and periodontal disease in humans but also major differences. In contrast to human, healthy canine plaque was found to be dominated by Gram negative bacterial species whereas Gram positive anaerobic species predominate in disease. The scale of this study surpasses previously published research and enhances our understanding of the bacterial species present in canine subgingival plaque and their associations with health and early periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Davis
- The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare UK, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Corrin Wallis
- The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare UK, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Deusch
- The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare UK, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Colyer
- The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare UK, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Milella
- The Veterinary Dental Surgery, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Loman
- Centre for Systems Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Harris
- The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare UK, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Charalampakis G, Abrahamsson I, Carcuac O, Dahlén G, Berglundh T. Microbiota in experimental periodontitis and peri-implantitis in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:1094-8. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Charalampakis
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ingemar Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Olivier Carcuac
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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Draft Genome Sequences of Porphyromonas crevioricanis JCM 15906T and Porphyromonas cansulci JCM 13913T Isolated from a Canine Oral Cavity. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/4/e00483-13. [PMID: 23887912 PMCID: PMC3735060 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00483-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Porphyromonas crevioricanis JCM 15906T and Porphyromonas cansulci JCM 13913T, which were isolated from a canine oral cavity and were recently united under the single species P. crevioricanis. These two genome sequences are very similar, and yet a high degree of genome rearrangements is observed.
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Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is an important step in tissue colonization and depends extensively on the surface properties of a bacterial cell. For many microorganisms the prerequisite for host body occupancy is a break in tissue continuity. The next step is ongoing tissue destruction by products of bacterial metabolism: microbial enzymes and toxins. This happens, for example, in the initial phase of periodontitis. The mechanisms of adhesion are related to the specific structures present on the bacterial cell surface. This article summarizes recent data about bacterial attachment to host cells.
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Yamasaki Y, Nomura R, Nakano K, Inaba H, Kuboniwa M, Hirai N, Shirai M, Kato Y, Murakami M, Naka S, Iwai S, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Ooshima T, Amano A, Asai F. Distribution and molecular characterization of Porphyromonas gulae carrying a new fimA genotype. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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