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Yang XB, Huang Y. Protective effects of apigenin, apigenin-8-sulfonate, and apigenin-3′, 8-disulfonate on d-galactosamine-induced acute liver damage in mice. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Park S, Zhang T, Wu X, Qiu JY. A mixture of mulberry and silk amino acids protected against D-galactosamine induced acute liver damage by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in HepG2 cells and rats. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3611-3619. [PMID: 32346425 PMCID: PMC7185172 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ for the removal of toxins and utilization of nutrients. The present study then investigated whether a mixture of mulberry water extracts and silk amino acids protected against acute liver damage in rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine and the action mechanism. D-galactosamine injection is widely used to develop experimental animal models of acute hepatic disease. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine followed by 200 and 600 mg/kg body weight (BW) of mulberry extracts and silk amino acids (1:3, w/w; MS1:3-L and MS1:3-H), the same amounts of MS with different ratios (1:5, w/w; MS1:5-L and MS1:5-H), and 600 mg/kg bw cellulose (control) for 1 week. The normal-control group received an injection of saline instead of D-galactosamine with the same diet as the control group. D-galactosamine injection (control rats) increased serum ALT, AST and γ-GPT levels, indicating the induction of acute liver damage. The control rats also exhibited reduced glycogen depositions, which contributed to increasing fat synthesis from glucose and elevated serum triglyceride levels. Oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver of the control increased in response to the decreasing antioxidant activity and mRNA expression and increasing TNF-α expression, respectively. Both MS1:3 and MS1:5 reduced serum ALT, AST and γ-GPT levels to ameliorate liver damage. MS1:3 reduced oxidative stress by increasing the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, whereas MS1:5 decreased the expression TNF-α in the liver. MS1:3 and MS1:5 improved the necrosis of hepatocytes in H&E staining, which was associated with increased glycogen deposition in PAS staining. MS1:5 had better effects on glycogen accumulation. In conclusion, MS1:3 and MS1:5 can be used as therapeutic agents for acute liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheong 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheong 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheong 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Yi Qiu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheong 336-795, Republic of Korea
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Sheriff SA, Shaik Ibrahim S, Devaki T, Chakraborty S, Agarwal S, Pérez-Sánchez H. Lycopene Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction during d-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Albino Rats. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3190-3199. [PMID: 28758404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional perturbation of mitochondria is associated with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). d-Galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (d-GalN/LPS)-induced FHF is a renowned model to evaluate the efficacy of hepatoprotective agents. Lycopene is an antioxidant and phytonutrient from the carotenoid family. The health benefits of lycopene are prominent against cancer and cardiovascular, lung, liver, and skin problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the hepatoprotective, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant roles of lycopene. The current study was designed to appraise the ability of lycopene to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction during the d-GalN/LPS-induced FHF. The administration of d-GalN/LPS (300 mg and 30 μg/kg body weight, respectively) to the experimental rats induced several disturbances in mitochondrial function. The lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide levels were increased (p < 0.05). The activities of mitochondrial antioxidants, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and electron transport chain enzymes and the cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were decreased (p < 0.05). Lycopene (10 mg/kg body weight for 6 days) pretreatment attenuated lipid peroxidation and prohibited the excessive synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. The d-GalN/LPS-induced impairment in ATP production and increased enzyme activities were effectively prevented by the lycopene administration. The lycopene-mediated mitochondrial protection was mainly ascribed to the strong antioxidant potential of this phytonutrient. Molecular modeling results obtained show evidence that lycopene inhibits several lipoxygenases and provides rationale for the observed prevention of lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial membrane. The carotenoid lycopene combatted oxidative stress, scavenged free radicals, prevented ROS generation, and inhibited the toxic effects of d-GalN/LPS during FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Abdulazeez Sheriff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025, India
| | - Shaikhussain Shaik Ibrahim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Government College of Engineering , Salem, Tamilnadu 627 007, India
| | - Thiruvengadam Devaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras , Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025, India
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta , 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 019, India
| | - Subhash Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR-ICMR) , I-7, Sector-39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) , Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Taslidere E, Vardi N, Esrefoglu M, Ates B, Taskapan C, Yologlu S. The effects of pentoxifylline and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the treatment of d-galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:353-65. [PMID: 25977259 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115586820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate histological changes in hepatic tissue and effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on these changes using histochemical and biochemical methods in rats, in which hepatitis was established by D-galactosamine (D-GAL). Rats were divided into five groups as follows: control group, D-GAL (24 h) group, D-GAL group, d-GAL + PTX group, and D-GAL + CAPE group. In histological evaluations, the control group showed normal appearance of the liver cells. However in the d-GAL groups, focal areas consisting of inflammatory, necrotic, and apoptotic cells were detected in parenchyma. Glycogen loss was observed in the hepatocytes localized at the periphery of lobule. It was found that number of mast cells of portal areas were significantly higher in D-GAL groups compared with other groups (p = 0.0001). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining by Ki-67 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in GAL groups compared with the control group (p = 0.0001). In biochemical analysis, there was an increase in malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, while a decrease was observed in glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity in groups treated with d-GAL compared with the control group. On the other hand, it was seen that, in the groups treated with D-GAL, histological and biochemical injuries in the liver were reduced by administration of PTX and CAPE. In this study, we demonstrated the ameliorative effects of PTX and CAPE on D-GAL-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Taslidere
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - N Vardi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Esrefoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Ates
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - C Taskapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Yologlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Choi JW, Kim YM, Park SJ, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Protective effect of Porphyra yezoensis glycoprotein on D-galactosamine‑induced cytotoxicity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3914-9. [PMID: 25626067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the signaling pathways and enzyme activity associated with the protective effect of Porphyra yezoensis glycoprotein (PYGP) on D‑galactosamine (D‑GaIN)‑induced cytotoxicity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. D‑GaIN is commonly used to induce hepatic injury models in vivo as well as in vitro. PYGP was extracted from Porphyra yezoensis, a red algae distributed along the coasts of Republic of Korea, China and Japan. In the present study, Hepa 1c1c7 cells were pre‑treated with PYGP (20 and 40 µg/ml) for 24 h and then the media was replaced with D‑GaIN (20 mM) and PYGP (20 and 40 µg/ml). The results demonstrated that D‑GaIN induced Hepa 1c1c7 cell death and pretreatment with PYGP was found to attenuate D‑GaIN toxicity. In addition, D‑GaIN decreased the antioxidant activity and increased lipid peroxidation processes; however, pre‑treatment with PYGP reduced the generation of lipid peroxidation products, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, as well as increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‑s‑transferase (GST). PYGP was shown to suppress the overexpression of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase, c‑jun N‑terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation induced by D‑GaIN. Furthermore, PYGP increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), quinine oxidoreductase 1, GST and heme oxygenase 1 protein expression. These results suggested that PYGP had cytoprotective effects against D‑GaIN‑induced cell damage, which may be associated with MAPKs and the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Wook Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Nam‑gu, Busan 608‑737, Republic of Korea
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Pharmacological effect of carvacrol on d-galactosamine-induced mitochondrial enzymes and DNA damage by single-cell gel electrophoresis. J Nat Med 2011; 65:568-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Choi JH, Kang JW, Kim DW, Sung YK, Lee SM. Protective effects of Mg-CUD against D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 657:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pushpavalli G, Kalaiarasi P, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Effect of chrysin on hepatoprotective and antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 631:36-41. [PMID: 20056116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural, biologically active compound present in many plants and possesses potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidation properties. This work was designed to investigate the effect of chrysin, on the hepatoprotective efficacy in d-galactosamine-intoxication rats. d-galactosamine-induced toxicity was manifested by the elevation of serum hepatic marker enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and the lipid peroxidation process and by decreasing the antioxidant capacity of the plasma, erythrocyte and tissues. Treatment with chrysin (25, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight) decreased hepatic marker enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes, increased the activities of free-radical scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E. These findings demonstrate that chrysin acts as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Pushpavalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Aristatile B, Al-Numair KS, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Effect of carvacrol on hepatic marker enzymes and antioxidant status in d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:757-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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El-Beshbishy HA. Aqueous garlic extract attenuates hepatitis and oxidative stress induced by galactosamine/lipoploysaccharide in rats. Phytother Res 2008; 22:1372-9. [PMID: 18570225 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Injection of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (DGaIN/LPS) is useful as an experimental model of acute hepatic damage. Juvenile rats were used for investigation. The hepatoprotective activity of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract (AGE) at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, intraperitoneal (i.p.) prior to the induction of DGalN/LPS, was investigated against DGalN/LPS-induced hepatitis in rats. DGalN/LPS (300 mg/kg body weight/30 microg/kg body weight, i.p.), induced hepatic damage that was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT)], bilirubin, lipid peroxides (LPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity level in serum. Also, the lipid profile in serum and liver homogenate including total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids were significantly deteriorated. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; reduced glutathione, GSH; catalase, CAT and glutathione peroxidase, GPX) in liver homogenate were significantly decreased in the DGalN/LPS. Pretreatment of rats with AGE reversed these altered parameters near to normal control values. Results of this study revealed that AGE could afford a significant protection in the alleviation of DGalN/LPS-induced hepatic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Beshbishy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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S. Shanmug T, Krishnakum E, Somasundar I, Sivaraman D, Arunsundar M, Balaji R, M. Sivakum S. Salutary Effect of Ferulic Acid Against D-Galactosamine Challenged Liver Damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.1271.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Pushpavalli G, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Piper betle on hepatic marker enzymes and tissue antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 19:131-150. [PMID: 19024930 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2008.19.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
D-galactosamine is a well-established hepatotoxicant that induces a diffuse type of liver injury closely resembling human viral hepatitis. D-galactosamine by its property of generating free radicals causes severe damage to the membrane and affects almost all organs of the human body. The leaves of Piper betle L., a commonly used masticatory in Asian countries, possess several biological properties. Our aim is to investigate the in vivo antioxidant potential of P. betle leaf-extract against oxidative stress induced by D-galactosamine intoxication in male albino Wistar rats. Toxicity was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine, 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 21 days. Rats were treated with P. betle extract (200 mg/kg BW) via intragastric intubations. We assessed the activities of liver marker enzymes (aspartate amino-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione. The extract significantly improved the status of antioxidants and decreased TBARS, hydroperoxides, and liver marker enzymes when compared with the D-galactosamine treated group, demonstrating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Pushpavalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Tunali S, Yanardag R, Bolkent S. Effects of Z-FA.FMK on D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced kidney injury and oxidative stress in mice : effects of Z-FA.FMK on TNF-alpha-mediated kidney injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 309:9-20. [PMID: 18008146 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this investigation was to demonstrate that benzyloxicarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-alanine-fluoromethylketone (Z-FA.FMK), which is a pharmacological inhibitor of cathepsin B, has protective role on the kidney injury that occurs together with liver injury. Methods BALB/c male mice used in this study were divided into four groups. The first group was given physiologic saline only, the second group was administered Z-FA.FMK alone, the third group received D: -galactosamine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (D-GalN/TNF-alpha), and the fourth group was given both D-GalN/TNF-alpha and Z-FA.FMK. One hour after administration of 8 mg/kg Z-FA.FMK by intravenous injection, D-GalN (700 mg/kg) and TNF-alpha (15 microg/kg) were given by intraperitoneal injection. Results In the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha, the following results were found: severe degenerative morphological changes in the kidney tissue, a significant increase in the number of activated caspase-3-positive tubular epithelial cell, an insignificant increase in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive tubular epithelial cell, a decrease in the kidney glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, an increase in the kidney lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, uric acid and urea levels. In contrast, in the group given D-GalN/TNF-alpha and Z-FA.FMK, a significant decrease in the D-GalN/TNF-alpha-induced degenerative changes, a decrease in the number of activated caspase-3-positive tubular epithelial cell, a insignificant decrease in the number of PCNA-positive tubular epithelial cell, an increase in the kidney GSH levels, CAT, SOD and GPx activities, a decrease in the kidney LPO levels, LDH activity, serum AST and ALT activities, uric acid and urea levels were determined. Conclusion These results suggest that pretreatment with Z-FA.FMK markedly lessens the degree of impairment seen in D-GalN/TNF-alpha-induced kidney injury, which occurred together with liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
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Sakaguchi S, Furusawa S, Wu J, Nagata K. Preventive effects of a biscoclaurine alkaloid, cepharanthine, on endotoxin or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced septic shock symptoms: Involvement of from cell death in L929 cells and nitric oxide production in raw 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:191-7. [PMID: 17178386 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The preventive effects of cepharanthine, a biscoclaurine alkaloid isolated from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, on the lethality and cell death caused by endotoxin or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced syndrome in septic shock were investigated. In these experiments, we estimated the survival of mice treated with a lethal dose of endotoxin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or recombinant human (rh) TNF-alpha (10,000 units/mouse, i.v.) together with a sublethal dose (1 mg/kg, i.p.) of endotoxin. Cepharanthine clearly protected mice from endotoxin-induced and endotoxin/rhTNF-alpha-induced lethal shock. In in vitro experiments, cepharanthine (3 micro g/ml) definitely inhibited cell death in mouse L929 fibroblast cells incubated with rhTNF-alpha (100 units/ml) at 37 degrees C for 24 h. On the other hand, non-apoptotic programmed death of cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy in rhTNF-alpha (100 units/ml)-treated L929 cells. In the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay after 48-h drug exposure, the cell proliferation of L929 cells was significantly increased by the addition of cepharanthine (1 and 3 micro g/ml). It seems that the preventive effect of cepharanthine on rhTNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells occurs through an increase of cell proliferation by the drug. In addition, cepharanthine suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production by endotoxin-stimulated Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. These findings suggest that cepharanthine prevents lethality or cytotoxicity through suppression of endotoxin-induced NO in macrophages and that its effects are possibly mediated by the enhancement of the proliferation of fibroblast cells. Cepharanthine may therefore protect against some of the various disturbances caused by endotoxin through its ability to inhibit NO production in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakaguchi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Sendai, Japan.
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Kojima M, Yamashita S, Nishi S, Saito Y, Maeda R. Antioxidative Effect and Liver Protective Action of Adzuki Polyphenol. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.53.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Ravikumar V, Shivashangari KS, Devaki T. Effect of Tridax procumbens on liver antioxidant defense system during lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine sensitised rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 269:131-6. [PMID: 15786725 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-3443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to assess the effect of chloroform insoluble fraction of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (TP) against D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced hepatitis in rats. Induction of rats with D-GalN/LPS (300 mg/kg body weight/30 microg/kg body weight) led to a marked increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver. Further there was a decline in the activities of enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and the levels of non-enzymic antioxidants namely reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E. These biochemical alterations were normalised upon pretreatment with TP extract. Thus, the above results suggest that TP (300 mg/kg body weight orally for 10 days) is very effective in allievating the D-GalN/LPS-induced oxidative stress suggesting its antioxidant property.
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Sakaguchi S. Metabolic Aspects of Endotoxin as a Model of Septic Shock —Approached from Oxidative Stress—. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2004; 124:69-87. [PMID: 14978949 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.124.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress in intensive care medicine, sepsis and shock continue to be major clinical problems in intensive care units. Septic shock may be associated with a toxic state initiated by the stimulation of monocytes by bacterial toxins such as endotoxin, which is released into the bloodstream. This study describes the role of oxidative stress in endotoxin-induced metabolic disorders. We demonstrate that endotoxin injection results in lipid peroxide formation and membrane injury in experimental animals, causing decreased levels of free radical scavengers or quenchers. Interestingly, it was also suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced oxidative stress occurs as a result of bacterial or endotoxin translocation under conditions of reduced reticuloendothelial system function in various disease states. In addition, we suggest that intracellular Ca2+, Zn2+, or selenium levels may participate, at least in part, in the oxidative stress during endotoxemia. On the other hand, it is also suggested that the extent of endotoxin-induced nitric oxide (NO) formation may be due, at least in part, to a change in heme metabolic regulation during endotoxemia. However, in our experimental model, NO is not crucial for lipid peroxide formation during endotoxemia. Sho-saiko-to is one of the most frequently prescribed Kampo medicines and has primarily been used to treat chronic hepatitis. We report that Sho-saiko-to decreases the rh TNF-induced lethality in galactosamine-hypersensitized mice and protects mice against oxygen toxicity and Ca2+ overload in the cytoplasm or mitochondria during endotoxemia. We further suggest that Sho-saiko-to shows a suppressive effect on NO generation in macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and that it may be useful in improving endotoxin shock symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakaguchi
- First Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Vimal V, Devaki T. Hepatoprotective effect of allicin on tissue defense system in galactosamine/endotoxin challenged rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 90:151-154. [PMID: 14698523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Allicin (diallythiosulfinate) is the main biologically active component of freshly crushed garlic (Alliaceae Allium sativum Linn.) cloves. It is produced by the interaction of the non-protein amino acid alliin with the enzyme alliinase (alliin lyase, EC 4.4.1.4). D-Galactosamine highly sensitizes the host response of the experimental animal to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) and causes fulminant hepatitis within 8h after administration. In D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced hepatitis rats, a significant increase of lipid peroxidation and decreased liver antioxidant enzyme levels are observed. Pretreatment with allicin, the active component of freshly crushed garlic cloves, prevented these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veereshwarayya Vimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sakaguchi S, Iizuka Y, Furusawa S, Ishikawa M, Satoh S, Takayanagi M. Role of Zn(2+) in oxidative stress caused by endotoxin challenge. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 451:309-16. [PMID: 12242093 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of Zn(2+) in oxidative stress during endotoxemia was investigated. In rats fed a Zn(2+)-deficient diet (Zn(2+) concentration of less than 1.5 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, the Zn(2+) level in the serum was about 62% lower than that in rats fed a Zn(2+)-adequate diet (Zn(2+) concentration, 50 mg/kg). The Zn(2+) level in serum 18 h after administration of endotoxin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) to Zn(2+)-deficient diet rats was markedly lower than that of the endotoxin/Zn(2+)-adequate diet group. Lipid peroxide formation in the liver of Zn(2+)-deficient diet rats was markedly increased 18 h after endotoxin injection compared with that in the endotoxin/Zn(2+)-adequate diet group. Metallothionein in the liver of endotoxin/Zn(2+)-adequate diet rats was increased more than 17-fold by endotoxin administration, while a markedly lower level of metallothionein was observed in the endotoxin/Zn(2+)-deficient diet group. On the other hand, treatment with ZnSO(4) (100 microM) significantly increased endotoxin (1 microg/ml)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in J774A.1 cells. Our results clearly demonstrated that treatment with ZnSO(4) significantly inhibited the endotoxin-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) level in J774A.1 cells. However, a cell membrane-permeable Zn(2+) chelator, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN, 1 microM), did not affect the endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production or Ca(2+) level in J774A.1 cells. In addition, we investigated whether Zn(2+) can suppress nitric oxide (NO) generation and cytotoxicity in endotoxin-treated cells. Treatment with ZnSO(4) (50 microM) significantly inhibited endotoxin-induced NO production in J774A.1 cells, but did not affect endotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that zinc may play an important role, at least in part, in the oxidative stress during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakaguchi
- First Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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Sakaguchi S, Iizuka Y, Furusawa S, Takayanagi M, Satoh S. Preventive effects of a verapamil against tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced shock symptoms: approached from lipoprotein metabolic disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2:867-73. [PMID: 12188028 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of intracellular Ca2+ in the mechanism of the preventive effects of the Ca2+-channel blocker verapamil against lipoprotein disturbances during tumor necrosis factor (TNFa)-induced shock syndrome. The heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in plasma of TNFalpha (5 X 10(4) units/mouse, i.v.)-injected mice was markedly lower at 4 h post-intoxication than in the controls. In mice treated with verapamil (10 mg/kg, s.c.), the activity of LPL 4 h after TNFalpha injection was significantly higher than in mice treated with TNFalpha alone. On the other hand, on polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions in the sera of TNFalpha-injected mice were increased and reduced, respectively, relative to the controls. The administration of verapamil clearly prevented the lipoprotein damage arising from TNFalpha challenge. We investigated whether verapamil could suppress TNFalpha generation in endotoxin-treated J774A.1 cells. Treatment with verapamil (30 microM) markedly inhibited endotoxin (1 microg/ml)-induced TNFalpha production in these cells. These findings suggest that the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ may contribute to the extent of lipoprotein disturbances in plasma, which results from LPL suppression in TNFalpha-induced shock syndrome. Verapamil may, therefore, protect against some of the various disturbances caused by changes in Ca2+ mobilization through its ability to inhibit TNFalpha production in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sakaguchi
- First Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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Büyükokuroğlu ME, Taysi S, Polat F, Göçer F. Mechanism of the beneficial effects of dantrolene sodium on ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in rats. Pharmacol Res 2002; 45:421-5. [PMID: 12123631 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2002.0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In our study, we examined anti-ulcerogen and antioxidant effects of dantrolene sodium on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Dantrolene sodium was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in several doses, and famotidine was used at a dose of 20 mg kg (-1). It was found that pretreatment with dantrolene sodium at doses of 1, 5 and 10 mg kg(-1) significantly reduced ethanol-induced gastric damage and malondialdehyde levels, and significantly increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. We conclude that dantrolene sodium clearly has antioxidant properties and that the protective effect of dantrolene sodium against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion, at least in part, depends upon the reduction in the lipid peroxidation and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px.
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Lim HK, Kim HS, Choi HS, Oh S, Jang CG, Choi J, Kim SH, Chang MJ. Effects of acetylbergenin against D -galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res 2000; 42:471-4. [PMID: 11023710 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2000.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of acetylbergenin were examined against D -galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver damage in rats, compared with that of bergenin reported previously. Acetylbergenin was synthesized from acetylation of bergenin, isolated from Mallotus japonicus, to increase lipophilic and physiological activities. Acetylbergenin was administered orally once daily for 7 days and then GalN (400 mg kg(-1), i.p.) was injected at 24 h and 96 h after the final administration of acetylbergenin. Acetylbergenin reduced the elevated serum enzyme activities of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and gamma -glutamyltransferase and the formation of hepatic malondialdehyde induced by GalN. Acetylbergenin also significantly restored towards normalization the decreased levels of glutathione and the decreased activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase induced by GalN. Therefore, these results suggest that acetylbergenin has hepatoprotective effects against GalN-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and maintaining an adequate level of GSH for the detoxification of xenobiotics as underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms. In addition, lipophilic acetylbergenin showed more activity in the hepatoprotection than that of the much less lipophilic bergenin reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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Sakaguchi S, Furusawa S, Yokota K, Takayanagi M, Takayanagi Y. Modification of tumor necrosis factor-induced acute toxicity D-galactosamine challenge by polymyxin B, an anti-endotoxin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 22:935-42. [PMID: 11090702 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxin B (PMB), an antibiotic with anti-endotoxin activity, was used to examine the participation of endogenously produced endotoxin in the enhancement of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF)-induced toxicity in D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice. GalN-sensitized mice (700 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) injected together with rhTNF (1x10(4) U/mouse, intravenously (i.v.)) exhibited severe symptoms, with 100% mortality at 18 h. However, mice pretreated with PMB (20 mg/kg, i.p.) showed protection against the rhTNF-induced lethality following GalN sensitization. Little or no effects were observed on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme leakage in serum in mice 7 h after administration of rhTNF alone. Administration of rhTNF to GalN-sensitized mice resulted in marked increases in ALT activity and LDH isozyme leakage relative to those in mice treated with rhTNF alone. In mice pretreated with PMB, the levels of ALT and LDH isozyme leakage 7 h after rhTNF/GalN injection were significant decreased as compared with those in mice treated with rhTNF/GalN. Similarly, injection of PMB markedly decreased lipid peroxide formation in the liver of the GalN-sensitized mice treated with rhTNF. The injection of a low endotoxin dose (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly increased the lethality in mice treated with rhTNF (5x10(3) U/mouse, i.v.) and GalN, and these animals showed 100% mortality at 8 h. These findings suggested that the extent of TNF-induced toxicity caused by GalN administration may be a result of synergism between TNF and gut-derived endotoxin. It is likely that endogenously produced endotoxin play a significant role in rhTNF/GalN-hypersensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakaguchi
- First Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, 981-8558, Sendai, Japan
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Anandan R, Prabakaran M, Devaki T. Biochemical studies on the hepatoprotective effect of Picrorrhiza kurroa on changes in liver mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in d-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Fitoterapia 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(99)00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anandan R, Devaki T. Hepatoprotective effect of Picrorrhiza kurroa on tissue defence system in d-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Fitoterapia 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(98)00022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sakaguchi S, Furusawa S, Yokota K, Sasaki K, Takayanagi M, Takayanagi Y. The enhancing effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on oxidative stress in endotoxemia. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1996; 79:259-65. [PMID: 8936560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1996.tb00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The enhancing effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on oxidative stress with or without a sublethal dose of endotoxin was examined. The mortality of mice treated with recombinant human TNF-alpha (1 x 10(4) units/mouse, intravenously) and endotoxin (0.01-1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was dependent on the dose of endotoxin. The liver lipid peroxide level, superoxide anion generation and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, especially serum lactate dehydrogenase-5 isozyme leakage, in mice 2-4 hr after administration of recombinant human TNF to endotoxin-pretreated mice (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were markedly higher than in those without endotoxin, whereas the administration of recombinant human TNF significantly decreased the non-protein sulfhydryl level, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide activities in the liver of endotoxin-injected mice compared with those in mice treated with recombinant human TNF or endotoxin alone. Furthermore, findings clearly demonstrated that J774A.1 cells stimulated with recombinant human TNF (1 x 10(4) units/ml) can effectively produce nitric oxide in the presence of endotoxin, and the production was dependent on the dose of endotoxin (0.01-10 micrograms/ml). The level of lipid peroxide in mice 4 hr after administration of recombinant human TNF and lead acetate (50 mg/kg, intravenously) was markedly higher than that in the mice treated with recombinant human TNF alone. By contrast, injection of polymyxin-B (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, an anti-endotoxin drug) markedly decreased the lipid peroxide level in the liver of the mice treated with recombinant human TNF and lead acetate. These findings suggest that the oxidative stress caused by TNF occurs as a enhancing effect of endotoxin or by bacterial translocation from the intestinal gut under reduction of reticuloendothelial system function in various disease states, and that the effect of TNF may cause a marked increase of toxicity of oxidative stress by endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakaguchi
- First Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku College of Pharmacy, Sendai, Japan
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