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Liu B, Gou W, Feng H. Pathological investigations and correlation research of microfibrillar-associated protein 4 and tropoelastin in oral submucous fibrosis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:588. [PMID: 34798886 PMCID: PMC8603475 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), distinguished by abnormal collagen deposition, is a potentially malignant disorder with 4.2% (95% CI 2.7–5.6%) of malignant transformation and rising global prevalence. However, the precise pathogenesis and effective treatment remain elusive and controversial despite the abundance of literature on this topic. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and potential markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OSF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence and correlation of Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) and tropoelastin (TE) in the development of OSF patients. Material and methods Clinicopathological factors, hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and Masson trichome staining, immunohistochemical characteristics and the correlation between MFAP4 and TE were recorded and compared among different stages of OSF progression among cases (n = 60) and controls (n = 10). Student's t test, ANOVA analysis, and the chi-square test were performed to compare the categorical variables for clinicopathological characteristics and the expression level of MFAP4 and TE between the fibrotic and normal tissues. Correlation analysis of MFAP4 and TE was performed using Pearson's correlation test and linear regression. Results MFAP4 and TE proteins are upregulated and increased gradually in patients with varying stages of OSF, relative to the control group. Furthermore, statistical analyses revealed that the expression level of MFAP4 was positively associated with TE, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.3781 (p = 0.0048). Clinically, we found that OSF affected more males than females, with a ratio of 29:1. The age range was 16–60 years, and the mean age was 36.25 ± 10.25 years. In patients younger than 40 years, the positive expression rate of MFAP4 and TE was higher than in those over 40 years. All OSF cases had chewed areca nut, with 51.67% smoking tobacco. Conclusions Our study elucidates that the accumulation of MFAP4 and TE proteins may play a vital role in the occurrence and development of OSF and may be promising candidate moleculars for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for OSF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Gou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Xiangya Stomalogical Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Shimizu S, Aoki A, Takahashi T, Harano F. Infrared-A Irradiation-induced Inhibition of Human Keratinocyte Proliferation and Potential Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1105-1115. [PMID: 32118302 PMCID: PMC7586992 DOI: 10.1111/php.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Infrared-A (IRA), which can penetrate deeply into the human skin, is a major component of solar radiation and is recognized to promote photoaging of human dermis. To our knowledge, however, the cellular and molecular consequences of human epidermis exposure to IRA have not been clarified. Thus, we investigated whether IRA inhibits the proliferation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). IRA irradiation ed in cell cycle arrest at G1 and a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation of NHEKs. We found that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was initially inactivated during IRA irradiation due to the formation of stress granules (SGs), and this inactivation was maintained for at least 6 h after irradiation due to Akt dephosphorylation. Furthermore, repeated exposure of human skin equivalents to IRA led to marked thinning of the epidermal cell layer. In conclusion, IRA irradiation inhibits mTORC1 activity possibly through two molecular mechanisms involving SG formation in the early-phase and subsequent Akt dephosphorylation. This sequential mechanism seems to cause G1 cell cycle arrest and a reduction in cell proliferation, supporting the hypothesis that the decreased proliferation of basal keratinocytes that occurs during skin aging might be partly attributable to IRA radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syota Shimizu
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Akihiro Aoki
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
| | - Fumiki Harano
- Nutraceuticals DivisionOtsu Skin Care Research InstituteOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.OtsuJapan
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Fan Y, Choi TH, Chung JH, Jeon YK, Kim S. Hyaluronic acid-cross-linked filler stimulates collagen type 1 and elastic fiber synthesis in skin through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in a nude mouse model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:1355-1362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Autologous adipose-derived stem cells have shown great promise in applications that treat photodamaged skin. Adipose-derived stem cells also have an antiwrinkle effect; consequently, they have become a topic of primary interest. Nude mice have been used extensively in studies of adipose-derived stem cells, human dermal fibroblasts, and other filler injections. However, a nude mouse model of photoaging has not yet been developed. Thus, we attempted to develop a nude mouse model of photoaging in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen, 5-week-old female BALB/c nude mice were irradiated with ultraviolet-B rays, 6 times a week for 6 weeks. The minimum erythema dose was established before the mice underwent ultraviolet irradiation to minimize the inflammation of the irradiated skin and to determine the initial irradiation dosage. The mean sizes of the wrinkled areas of skin and the mean depths of the wrinkles were compared between the study groups using replica analysis. Skin biopsies were performed on the 6th and 10th weeks of the study. RESULTS The mean sizes of the wrinkled areas of skin and the mean depths of the wrinkles increased significantly in the ultraviolet-B-irradiated nude mice compared with the nonirradiated mice, and the thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis of the skin from the upper and lower back were significantly greater after ultraviolet-B irradiation up to the 6th week of treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the ultraviolet-B-irradiated group demonstrated reduced collagen fiber levels. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed a nude mouse model for research into photoaging, and these results indicate that the nude mouse is a suitable model for investigating the development of photoaging.
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Tian G, Qi Z, Qiu Y, Wu X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Xin Y, He J, Bi Y, Wang Q, Zhou J, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Jiang Y, Yang R, Wang X. Comparison of virulence between the Yersinia pestis Microtus 201, an avirulent strain to humans, and the vaccine strain EV in rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3552-60. [PMID: 25483697 DOI: 10.4161/hv.35119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that Yersinia pestis Microtus 201 is a low virulent strain to the Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, and can protect it against high dose of virulent Y. pestis challenge by subcutaneous route. To investigate whether the Y. pestis Microtus 201 can be used as a live attenuated vaccine candidate, in this study its intravenous virulence was determined and compared with the live attenuated vaccine strain EV in the Chinese-origin rhesus macaque model. The results showed that the Chinese-origin rhesus macaques can survive intravenous infection with approximately 10(9) CFU of the Y. pestis Microtus 201, but all the animals succumbed to 10(10) CFU of intravenous infection. By contrast, all the animals survive intravenous infection with 10(10) CFU of the vaccine EV. Post-mortem examination showed multiple areas of severe abscess in the lungs of the dead animals infected with 10(10) CFU of the Y. pestis Microtus 201, whereas histopathology observation, microbiological examination and immunohistochemistry staining showed that the Y. pestis Microtus 201 also invaded hearts, livers, spleens, kidneys and lymph nodes and caused different degrees of pathological changes in these organs. These results indicated that the Y. pestis Microtus 201 is indeed low virulent to monkeys, but it is more virulent than the vaccine EV when administered by intravenous route. The Y. pestis Microtus 201 mainly attack the lungs when administered by intravenous infection, which may be the leading cause of animal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Tian
- a Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology ; Beijing , China
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Jeong JH, Fan Y, You GY, Choi TH, Kim S. Improvement of photoaged skin wrinkles with cultured human fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells: A comparative study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 68:372-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Robert C, Bonnet M, Marques S, Numa M, Doucet O. Low to moderate doses of infrared A irradiation impair extracellular matrix homeostasis of the skin and contribute to skin photodamage. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 28:196-204. [PMID: 25676694 DOI: 10.1159/000369829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is daily exposed to sun rays, which include not only ultraviolet radiation, but also an important quantity of infrared (IR) radiation. In the past few years, many publications have underlined the negative impact of IR radiation on the human skin, particularly when the skin and/or the cells are exposed to high sun irradiance and significant doses of IR. In the present study, we demonstrate, in vitro on normal human fibroblasts, that even under low irradiance with single or very few repeated doses, infrared A irradiation (IRA) produces free radicals, triggers major changes in the expression of the type I collagen and elastin network, impairs the dermal-epidermal junction, upregulates several matrix metalloproteinases and has an impact on the expression of key genes of the extracellular matrix. We conclude that chronic or discretionary exposure to IRA could play a role that is more important than expected in premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Robert
- Coty International Research and Development Center, Monaco, Monaco
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Tian G, Qi Z, Zhang X, Wu X, Qiu Y, Bi Y, Yang X, Xin Y, He J, Zhou J, Zeng L, Yang R, Wang X. Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus strain 201, an avirulent strain to humans, provides protection against bubonic plague in rhesus macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:368-77. [PMID: 24225642 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus is considered to be a virulent to larger mammals, including guinea pigs, rabbits and humans. It may be used as live attenuated plague vaccine candidates in terms of its low virulence. However, the Microtus strain's protection against plague has yet to be demonstrated in larger mammals. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of the Microtus strain 201 as a live attenuated plague vaccine candidate. Our results show that this strain is highly attenuated by subcutaneous route, elicits an F1-specific antibody titer similar to the EV and provides a protective efficacy similar to the EV against bubonic plague in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques. The Microtus strain 201 could induce elevated secretion of both Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6), as well as chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8. However, the protected animals developed skin ulcer at challenge site with different severity in most of the immunized and some of the EV-immunized monkeys. Generally, the Microtus strain 201 represented a good plague vaccine candidate based on its ability to generate strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as its good protection against high dose of subcutaneous virulent Y. pestis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zhang
- Anhui Medical University; Hefei, Anhui PR China; Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province; Xining, PR China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Anhui Medical University; Hefei, Anhui PR China; Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Guang Tian
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Qi
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province; Xining, PR China
| | - Xuecan Zhang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Yefeng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Science; Beijing; PR China
| | - Yujing Bi
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province; Xining, PR China
| | - Youquan Xin
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province; Xining, PR China
| | - Jian He
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province; Xining, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Zhou
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center; Academy of Military Medical Science; Beijing; PR China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Anhui Medical University; Hefei, Anhui PR China; Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology; Beijing, PR China
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Tian G, Qiu Y, Qi Z, Wu X, Zhang Q, Bi Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Yang X, Xin Y, Li C, Cui B, Wang Z, Wang H, Yang R, Wang X. Histopathological observation of immunized rhesus macaques with plague vaccines after subcutaneous infection of Yersinia pestis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19260. [PMID: 21559437 PMCID: PMC3084797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, complete protection was observed in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques immunized with SV1 (20 µg F1 and 10 µg rV270) and SV2 (200 µg F1 and 100 µg rV270) subunit vaccines and with EV76 live attenuated vaccine against subcutaneous challenge with 6×10(6) CFU of Y. pestis. In the present study, we investigated whether the vaccines can effectively protect immunized animals from any pathologic changes using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) of the immunized animals and control animals were checked by electron microscopy. The results show no signs of histopathological lesions in the lungs, livers, kidneys, lymph nodes, spleens and hearts of the immunized animals at Day 14 after the challenge, whereas pathological alterations were seen in the corresponding tissues of the control animals. Giemsa staining, ultrastructural examination, and immunohistochemical staining revealed bacteria in some of the organs of the control animals, whereas no bacterium was observed among the immunized animals. Ultrastructural observation revealed that no glomerular immune deposits on the GBM. These observations suggest that the vaccines can effectively protect animals from any pathologic changes and eliminate Y. pestis from the immunized animals. The control animals died from multi-organ lesions specifically caused by the Y. pestis infection. We also found that subcutaneous infection of animals with Y. pestis results in bubonic plague, followed by pneumonic and septicemic plagues. The histopathologic features of plague in rhesus macaques closely resemble those of rodent and human plagues. Thus, Chinese-origin rhesus macaques serve as useful models in studying Y. pestis pathogenesis, host response and the efficacy of new medical countermeasures against plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yefeng Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Qi
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghai Yang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Youquan Xin
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Cunxiang Li
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Baizhong Cui
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Zuyun Wang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (RY)
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (RY)
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Hughes M, Bredoux C, Salas F, Lombard D, Strutton G, Fourtanier A, Green A. Comparison of Histological Measures of Skin Photoaging. Dermatology 2011; 223:140-51. [DOI: 10.1159/000332425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Murphy BA, Bunda S, Mitts T, Hinek A. The hyperthermia-enhanced association between tropoelastin and its 67-kDa chaperone results in better deposition of elastic fibers. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40282-93. [PMID: 20947500 PMCID: PMC3001008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.169656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of our in vitro experiments indicate that exposing cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells and dermal fibroblasts to 39 to 41 °C induces a significant up-regulation in the net deposition of elastic fibers, but not of collagen I or fibronectin, and also decreases the deposition of chondroitin sulfate-containing moieties. We further demonstrate that mild hyperthermia also rectifies the insufficient elastogenesis notable in cultures of fibroblasts derived from the stretch-marked skin of adult patients and in cultures of dermal fibroblasts from children with Costello syndrome, which is characterized by the accumulation of chondroitin 6-sulfate glycosaminoglycans that induce shedding and inactivation of the 67-kDa elastin-binding protein. We have previously established that this protein serves as a reusable chaperone for tropoelastin and that its recycling is essential for the normal deposition of elastic fibers. We now report that hyperthermia not only inhibits deposition of chondroitin 6-sulfate moieties and the consequent preservation of elastin-binding protein molecules but also induces their faster recycling. This, in turn, triggers a more efficient preservation of tropoelastin, enhancement of its secretion and extracellular assembly into elastic fibers. The presented results encourage using mild hyperthermia to restore elastic fiber production in damaged adult skin and to enhance elastogenesis in children with genetic elastinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Murphy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Severa Bunda
- From the Cardiovascular Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Thomas Mitts
- Human Matrix Sciences, LLC, Visalia, California 93291
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- From the Cardiovascular Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada and
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