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Li X, Wang X, Shen T, Xiong J, Ma Q, Guo G, Zhu F. Advances in photodynamic therapy of pathologic scar. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104040. [PMID: 38462122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Pathologic scars include keloids and hypertrophic scars due to abnormal wound healing. Both cause symptoms of itching and pain; they also affect one's appearance and may even constrain movement. Such scars place a heavy burden on the individual's physical and mental health; moreover, treatment with surgery alone is highly likely to leave more scarring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a treatment that is both minimally invasive and convenient. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging safe and noninvasive technology wherein photosensitizers and specific light sources are used to treat malignant tumors and skin diseases. Research on PDT from both the laboratory and clinic has been reported. These findings on the treatment of pathologic scars using photosensitizers, light sources, and other mechanisms are reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tuo Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianxiang Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qimin Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the P53-miR-21-PDCD4 axis via singlet oxygen. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:1-9. [PMID: 35260928 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism and effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Human OSCC CAL-27 cells were randomly divided into four groups: control group, HMME group, laser group, and HMME-PDT group. Cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 method. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated by flow cytometry. GEO database was used to screen differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs), and TCGA database was performed to verify DEM expression in OSCC and normal tissues. The effects of HMME-PDT on DEM expression were assayed by real-time PCR, and the expressions of miRNAs target genes were measured by western blot. Fluorescence probes were used to determine the production of singlet oxygen (1O2). Compared with the other three groups, HMME-PDT dramatically inhibited CAL-27 cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 cycle arrest. The expressions of miR-21 and miR-155 were significantly upregulated in OSCC. HMME-PDT downregulated the expression of miR-21 but had no obvious effect on miR-155. HMME-PDT remarkably upregulated the levels of P53 and miR-21 target proteins, such as PDCD4, RECK, and SPRY2. 1O2 was generated during HMME-PDT, and inhibition of 1O2 production could reverse the regulation of HMME-PDT on P53, miR-21, and its target proteins, thus restoring cell viability. HMME-PDT can significantly inhibit the growth of OSCC cells, and the mechanism of this effect is related to the regulation of the P53-miR-21-PDCD4 axis via 1O2 induced by HMME-PDT.
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Lin Y, Gong W, Kang J, Fang Y, Liu J, Lin L, Xiao X. Hemoporfin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Port-Wine Stains: Multivariate Analysis of Clinical Efficacy and Optical Coherence Tomography Appearance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:800836. [PMID: 35280862 PMCID: PMC8908093 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.800836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) is reported to be effective and safe for port-wine stains (PWS). However, its efficacy is influenced by several factors and there is no appropriate method to evaluate efficacy so far. Therefore, this study explored the clinical efficacy of HMME-PDT for PWS on the face and neck and the feasibility of evaluating treatment potency with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A total of 211 PWS patients subjected to HMME-PDT were recruited for study and correlations of therapeutic effect with treatment sessions, age, gender, lesion distribution and treatment history analyzed. OCT was utilized for quantitative analysis of PWS lesions of 36 selected patients before and after HMME-PDT. Results The efficacy of two consecutive treatments was significantly higher than that of single treatment (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, after the first treatment, age, lesion distribution and treatment history were correlative factors affecting treatment efficacy (P < 0.05). The improvement effect on central facial lesions was lower than that on lateral facial lesions (P < 0.05). The efficacy of therapy on the group with no history of pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment was greater than that on effective and ineffective treatment groups (P < 0.05). After the second session, age remained the only factor correlated with efficacy (P < 0.05). Dilated vessel diameter and depth before and after treatment were significantly different (P < 0.05). With increasing treatment times, age was the most significant factor influencing treatment efficacy. Conclusions Our collective findings indicate that HMME-PDT therapy is effective and safe for PWS and support the utility of OCT in objective assessment of the efficacy of HMME-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihang Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lihang Lin
| | - Xuemin Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Xuemin Xiao
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Song J, He S, Wang Y, Yu A, Zhang F, Zhu X. Successful treatment of facial hypertrophic scar with HMME-PDT: A case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101910. [PMID: 32622073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Treating hypertrophic scars is a challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report a case of one female with both a facial port wine stain and a hypertrophic scar treated with Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy. Surprisingly, with the treatment of the facial port wine stain, the other skin lesion, the hypertrophic scar, also alleviated. HMME-PDT has been approved for application in PWS; however, this case showed effective easing of the hypertrophic scar lesion, which indicates that it might be a promising therapeutic method for hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Song
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Sijin He
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Aijiao Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Feiyin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Cui X, Zhu J, Wu X, Yang S, Yao X, Zhu W, Xu P, Chen X. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits the growth of keloid graft by promoting fibroblast apoptosis and reducing vessel formation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:114-125. [PMID: 31934700 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to significantly inhibit fibroblast activity. However, the effect of PDT mediated by the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) on keloids is not known well. The aim of our study was to examine the efficacy of HMME-PDT in cellular and animal models of keloids. Keloid fibroblasts (KFbs) were isolated from human keloid specimens and the proliferation, invasion, and migration of KFbs after HMME-PDT treatment was examined in vitro. Apoptosis in cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase3) expression was determined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. HMME-PDT inhibited KFbs proliferation, invasion, migration, increased apoptosis rate and enhanced caspase3 and cleaved caspase3 expression. The keloid graft transplantation was performed by using nude mice. The growth of the graft was monitored every third day. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression were detected by quantitative real time PCR. It was observed that HMME-PDT attenuated graft growth and reduced vessel density in the keloid grafts. However, HMME-PDT did not alter IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression in the keloid grafts. Moreover, HMME-PDT suppressed transforming growth-β1 (TGF-β1) and small phenotype and Drosophila Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) expression in both KFbs and keloid grafts. Collectively, the evidence suggests that HMME-PDT inhibits the growth of the keloid graft by promoting the apoptosis of fibroblasts and reducing vessel formation of the keloid graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cui
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shengju Yang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wenyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Nguyen K, Khachemoune A. An update on topical photodynamic therapy for clinical dermatologists. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 30:732-744. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1569752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Nguyen
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Photodynamic inactivation of fibroblasts and inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and biofilm formation by toluidine blue O. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1816-1822. [PMID: 28259957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating skin and soft tissue infections of severe limb traumas can be challenging. Crucial concerns focus on inhibiting biofilm formation by antibiotic‑resistant bacteria, and preventing scar formation by fibroblastic hyperproliferation. The local use of toluidine blue O (TBO)‑mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be a promising strategy for treating such lesions. The present study used Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain ATCC 35984) to assess the effects of TBO‑PDT on bacterial adherence and biofilm formation, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), tissue culture plating (TCP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Primary human fibroblast cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of TBO‑PDT using the 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and CLSM. Six different treatment groups were investigated: Medium only [tryptone soy broth (TSB) or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)]; red light control (light dose, 30 J/cm2); TBO group (50 mM TBO); TBO‑PDT1 (TBO irradiated with 10 J/cm2); TBO‑PDT2 (TBO irradiated with 20 J/cm2); and TBO‑PDT3 (TBO irradiated with 30 J/cm2). The results of the S. epidermidis adhesion assay indicated that the TSB, light and TBO groups exhibited significant bacterial adherence, compared with the TBO‑PDT groups. Analysis of biofilm formation revealed significant light dose‑dependent differences between the TBO‑PDT groups and the TSB, light, and TBO groups. Furthermore, SEM indicated fewer colony masses in the TBO‑PDT groups compared with the control groups. The MTT assay for fibroblastic cell toxicity demonstrated ~1.1, 4.6, 14.5, 29.7 and 43.4% reduction in optical density for the light, TBO, TBO‑PDT1, TBO‑PDT2 and TBO‑PDT3 groups, respectively, compared with the DMEM control group. There was no difference in toxicity between the light and control groups, however, there were significant differences among the TBO‑PDT groups. Finally, alterations in fibroblast morphology and cell spreading were revealed by CLSM, following TBO‑PDT treatment. TBO‑PDT inhibited bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and exhibited significant cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. These results indicate that the local use of TBO‑PDT in limb lesions may be a useful treatment method for inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and fibroblastic hyperproliferation, which may prevent infectious hypertrophic scar formation.
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Mendoza-Garcia J, Sebastian A, Alonso-Rasgado T, Bayat A. Ex vivo evaluation of the effect of photodynamic therapy on skin scars and striae distensae. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2015; 31:239-51. [PMID: 25847252 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin scars and striae distensae (SD) are common dermal disorders with ill-defined treatment options. There is emerging clinical evidence for use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating skin fibrosis. Therefore, the aim here was to investigate the effect of PDT on skin scars and SD in an ex vivo model of human skin scarring. METHODS Photodynamic therapy, with 5ALA or MALA in addition to illumination with 40 J/cm(2) of red light, was applied to striae alba, fine line, hypertrophic and keloid scars ex vivo (n = 18). General morphology was assessed by H&E, Herovici's and Weigert's differential staining. Apoptosis, proliferation, metalloproteinase 3 and tropoelastin expression were quantified immunohistochemically, and differential gene expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), collagen (COL) type I and type III, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and tropoelastin (ELN) was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Apoptosis increased, which correlated with decreased proliferation and PCNA gene expression. Post-PDT, matrix components were found to be re-organised in both hypertrophic and keloid scars. COLI and COLIII gene expression levels decreased, whilst MMP3 and ELN increased significantly post-PDT compared to normal skin and untreated controls (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference between 5ALA and MALA-PDT treatments was observed. CONCLUSION Using our unique ex vivo model, we show for the first time morphological and cellular effect of application of PDT, which correlates with the degree and severity of dermal fibrosis. In view of this, PDT may be ideal in targeting treatment of abnormal skin scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Mendoza-Garcia
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research Group, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anil Sebastian
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research Group, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Teresa Alonso-Rasgado
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Research Group, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Cai H, Wang YX, Zheng JC, Sun P, Yang ZY, Li YL, Liu XY, Li Q, Liu W. Photodynamic therapy in combination with CO2 laser for the treatment of Bowen’s disease. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1505-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Li XL, Guo ZT, Wang YD, Chen XY, Liu J, Zhong DF. Potential role of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) in the selective hepatic uptake of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether isomers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:268-80. [PMID: 25418376 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), which consists of equal amounts of isomers HMME-1 and HMME-2, is a novel porphyrin-related drug for photodynamic therapy. This study was aimed to investigate the uptake transporter-mediated selective uptake of HMME into the liver and to identify the major uptake transporter isoforms involved. METHODS Adult SD rats were intravenously injected with a single dose of HMME (5 mg/kg) with or without rifampicin (an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, 25 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected, and HMME concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Rat hepatocytes, human hepatocytes and HEK293 cells expressing OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OATP2B1 were used to investigate the uptake of HMME or individual isomers in vitro. RESULTS Co-administration of rifampicin significantly increased the exposure of HMME isomers, and decreased the AUC ratio of HMME-1 to HMME-2 from 1.98 to 1.56. The uptake of HMME-2 into human hepatocytes and the HEK293 cells expressing OATP1B1 or OATP2B1 in vitro was 2-7 times greater than that of HMME-1, whereas OATP1B3 mediated a higher HMME-1 uptake. OATP1B1 exhibited a higher affinity for HMME-2 than for HMME-1 (the Km values were 0.63 and 5.61 μmol/L, respectively), which were similar to those in human hepatocytes. By using telmisartan (a non-specific OATP inhibitor) and rifampicin, OATP2B1 was demonstrated to account for <20% of hepatic HMME uptake. CONCLUSION OATP1B1 is the major transporter involved in the rapid hepatic uptake of HMME, and the greater uptake of HMME-2 by OATP1B1 may lead to a lower exposure of HMME-2 than HMME-1 in humans.
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Liu L, Song Y, Ma L, Zang L, Tao L, Zhang Z, Han J. Growth inhibition effect of HMME-mediated PDT on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:1715-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zeng H, Sun M, Zhou C, Yin F, Wang Z, Hua Y, Cai Z. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy selectively kills sarcomas by inducing apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77727. [PMID: 24204937 PMCID: PMC3813767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor effect and mechanism of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) in sarcomas. Intracellular uptake of HMME by osteosarcoma cells (LM8 and K7) was time- and dose-dependent, while this was not observed for myoblast cells (C2C12) and fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). HMME-PDT markedly inhibited the proliferation of sarcoma cell lines (LM8, MG63, Saos-2, SW1353, TC71, and RD) (P<0.05), and the killing effect was improved with increased HMME concentration and energy intensity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that LM8, MG63, and Saos-2 cells underwent apoptosis after treatment with HMME-PDT. Additionally, apoptosis was induced after HMME-PDT in a three-dimensional culture of osteosarcoma cells. Hoechst 33342 staining confirmed apoptosis. Cell death caused by PDT was rescued by an irreversible inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) of caspase. However, cell viability was not markedly decreased compared with the HMME-PDT group. Expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins were markedly up-regulated in the treatment groups and increased with HMME concentration as determined by western blot analysis. In vivo, tumor volume markedly decreased at 7–16 days post-PDT. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed widespread necrotic and infiltrative inflammatory cells in the HMME-PDT group. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and PARP proteins were significantly increased in the HMME-PDT group. These results indicate that HMME-PDT has a potent killing effect on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo, which is associated with the caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxiong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (ZC)
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (ZC)
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Li X, Zhou ZP, Hu L, Zhang WJ, Li W. Apoptotic cell death induced by 5-aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts. J DERMATOL TREAT 2013; 25:428-33. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2012.697987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhou TB, Zeng ZY, Qin YH, Zhao YJ. Less expression of prohibitin is associated with increased paired box 2 (PAX2) in renal interstitial fibrosis rats. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9808-9825. [PMID: 22949832 PMCID: PMC3431830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) and paired box 2 (PAX2) are associated with the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). This study was performed to investigate whether or not the PHB could regulate the PAX2 gene expression in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. Eighty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation group (SHO) and model group subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (GU), n = 40, respectively. The model was established by left ureteral ligation. Renal tissues were collected at 14-day and 28-day after surgery. RIF index, protein expression of PHB, PAX2, transforming growth factor-βl (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN) or cleaved Caspase-3, and cell apoptosis index in renal interstitium, and mRNA expressions of PHB, PAX2 and TGF-β1 in renal tissue were detected. When compared with those in SHO group, expression of PHB (mRNA and protein) was significantly reduced, and expressions of PAX2 and TGF-β1 (protein and mRNA) were markedly increased in the GU group (each p < 0.01). Protein expressions of α-SMA, Col-IV, FN and cleaved Caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index in the GU group were markedly increased when compared with those in the SHO group (each p < 0.01). The protein expression of PHB was negatively correlated with protein expression of PAX2, TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-IV, FN or cleaved Caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index (all p < 0.01). In conclusion, less expression of PHB is associated with increased PAX2 gene expression and RIF index in UUO rats, suggesting that increasing the PHB expression is a potential therapeutic target for prevention of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (T.-B.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology/Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (T.-B.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-771-5320-809; Fax: +86-771-2687-191
| | - Yan-Jun Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; E-Mails: (T.-B.Z.); (Y.-J.Z.)
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Differential cytotoxic response in keloid fibroblasts exposed to photodynamic therapy is dependent on photosensitiser precursor, fluence and location of fibroblasts within the lesion. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:549-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou TB, Qin YH, Zhou C, Lei FY, Zhao YJ, Chen J, Su LN, Huang WF. Less expression of prohibitin is associated with increased caspase-3 expression and cell apoptosis in renal interstitial fibrosis rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17:189-96. [PMID: 21914039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Prohibitin (PHB), a ubiquitous protein, is involved in a variety of molecular functions. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a hallmark of common progressive chronic diseases that lead to renal failure. This study was performed to investigate whether PHB was associated with caspase-3 expression/cell apoptosis in RIF rats. METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation group (SHO) and model group subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (GU), n = 12, respectively. The model was established by left ureteral ligation. Renal tissues were collected at 14 days and 28 days after surgery. RIF index, cell apoptosis index, protein expression of PHB, transforming growth factor-βl (TGF-β1), collagen-IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN) or caspase-3 in renal interstitium, and mRNA expression of PHB in renal tissue were detected. RESULTS Compared with that in the SHO group, the PHB expression (mRNA and protein) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Protein expressions of TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN and caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index in GU group were markedly elevated compared with those in SHO group (all P < 0.01). The protein expression of PHB had a negative correlation with the protein expression of TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN or caspase-3, and RIF index or cell apoptosis index (each P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Less expression of PHB is associated with increased caspase-3 expression/cell apoptosis in RIF rats. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of PHB on caspase-3 expression/cell apoptosis and to determine the potential of PHB as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing, China
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Zhou TB, Qin YH, Lei FY, Zhao YJ, Huang WF. Association of PAX2 with cell apoptosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. Ren Fail 2012; 34:194-202. [PMID: 22229793 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.643364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the final common pathway for chronic kidney disease. Cell apoptosis is a critical detrimental event that leads to renal fibrosis. Paired box 2 (PAX2) plays a major role in the development of the kidney. This study was performed to investigate whether PAX2 was associated with cell apoptosis in the progression of RIF in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Eighty Wistar male rats were divided into two groups randomly: sham operation group (SHO) and model group subjected to UUO (GU), n = 40, respectively. The model was established by left ureteral ligation. Renal tissues were collected 14 and 28 days after surgery. Protein expressions of PAX2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-IV (Col-IV), fibronectin (FN), and caspase-3 were detected using immunohistochemical analysis; mRNA expression of PAX2 in renal tissue was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and RIF index and cell apoptosis index in renal interstitium were also calculated. When compared with those in the SHO group, expressions of PAX2 (protein and mRNA) were markedly increased in the GU group (each p < 0.01). Protein expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-IV, FN, and caspase-3 and RIF index and cell apoptosis index in the GU group were remarkably increased when compared with those in the SHO group (each p < 0.01). The protein expression of PAX2 was positively correlated with the protein expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col-IV, FN, and caspase-3 and with RIF index and cell apoptosis index (all p < 0.01). The apoptotic cell in our observation was mainly derived from renal tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, the increased expression of PAX2 is associated with cell apoptosis in the progression of RIF in UUO rats, suggesting that PAX2 is a potentially therapeutic target for prevention of RIF. Tian-Biao Zhou and Yuan-Han Qin wish it to be known that, in their opinion, they should be regarded as joint first authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, China
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