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Benitez B, Kwak M, Succi PJ, Weir JP, Bergstrom HC. Unilaterally Induced Quadriceps Fatigue during Sustained Submaximal Isometric Exercise Does Not Alter Contralateral Leg Extensor Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:85. [PMID: 37367249 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fatiguing unilateral exercise on the ipsilateral, exercised, and contralateral, non-exercised limb's post-exercise performance in males and females. Ten males and ten females performed a fatiguing, unilateral isometric leg extension at 50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force. Prior to and immediately after the fatiguing tasks, MVICs were performed for the exercised and non-exercised limb, with surface electromyographic (sEMG) and mechanomyography (sMMG) amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency (MPF) recorded from each limb's vastus lateralis. There were no fatigue-induced, sex-dependent, differences in time to task failure (p = 0.265) or ipsilateral performance fatigability (p = 0.437). However, there was a limb by time interaction (p < 0.001) which indicated decreases in MVIC force of the ipsilateral, exercised (p < 0.001), but not the contralateral, non-exercised limb (p = 0.962). There were no sex-dependent, fatigue-induced differences in neurophysiological outcomes between the limbs (p > 0.05), but there was a fatigue-induced difference in sEMG MPF (p = 0.005). To summarize, there were no differences in fatigability between males and females. Moreover, there was insufficient evidence to support the presence of a general crossover effect following submaximal unilateral isometric exercise. However, independent of sex, the neurophysiological outcomes suggested that competing inputs from the nervous system may influence the performance of both limbs following unilateral fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Benitez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Minyoung Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Pasquale J Succi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joseph P Weir
- Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Haley C Bergstrom
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Behm DG, Alizadeh S, Hadjizedah Anvar S, Hanlon C, Ramsay E, Mahmoud MMI, Whitten J, Fisher JP, Prieske O, Chaabene H, Granacher U, Steele J. Non-local Muscle Fatigue Effects on Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1893-1907. [PMID: 33818751 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatigue of a muscle or muscle group can produce global responses to a variety of systems (i.e., cardiovascular, endocrine, and others). There are also reported strength and endurance impairments of non-exercised muscles following the fatigue of another muscle; however, the literature is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To examine whether non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) occurs following the performance of a fatiguing bout of exercise of a different muscle(s). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SEARCH AND INCLUSION A systematic literature search using a Boolean search strategy was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2020, and was supplemented with additional 'snowballing' searches up to September 2020. To be included in our analysis, studies had to include at least one intentional performance measure (i.e., strength, endurance, or power), which if reduced could be considered evidence of muscle fatigue, and also had to include the implementation of a fatiguing protocol to a location (i.e., limb or limbs) that differed to those for which performance was measured. We excluded studies that measured only mechanistic variables such as electromyographic activity, or spinal/supraspinal excitability. After search and screening, 52 studies were eligible for inclusion including 57 groups of participants (median sample = 11) and a total of 303 participants. RESULTS The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (278 across 50 clusters [median = 4, range = 1 to 18 effects per cluster) revealed a trivial point estimate with high precision for the interval estimate [- 0.02 (95% CIs = - 0.14 to 0.09)], yet with substantial heterogeneity (Q(277) = 642.3, p < 0.01), I2 = 67.4%). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that NLMF effects were not moderated by study design (between vs. within-participant), homologous vs. heterologous effects, upper or lower body effects, participant training status, sex, age, the time of post-fatigue protocol measurement, or the severity of the fatigue protocol. However, there did appear to be an effect of type of outcome measure where both strength [0.11 (95% CIs = 0.01-0.21)] and power outcomes had trivial effects [- 0.01 (95% CIs = - 0.24 to 0.22)], whereas endurance outcomes showed moderate albeit imprecise effects [- 0.54 (95% CIs = - 0.95 to - 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings do not support the existence of a general NLMF effect; however, when examining specific types of performance outcomes, there may be an effect specifically upon endurance-based outcomes (i.e., time to task failure). However, there are relatively fewer studies that have examined endurance effects or mechanisms explaining this possible effect, in addition to fewer studies including women or younger and older participants, and considering causal effects of prior training history through the use of longitudinal intervention study designs. Thus, it seems pertinent that future research on NLMF effects should be redirected towards these still relatively unexplored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Saman Hadjizedah Anvar
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Courtney Hanlon
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Emma Ramsay
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Whitten
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - James P Fisher
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton, UK.,Ukactive Research Institute, London, UK
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Whitten JHD, Hodgson DD, Drinkwater EJ, Prieske O, Aboodarda SJ, Behm DG. Unilateral Quadriceps Fatigue Induces Greater Impairments of Ipsilateral versus Contralateral Elbow Flexors and Plantar Flexors Performance in Physically Active Young Adults. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:300-309. [PMID: 34211323 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) studies have examined crossover impairments of maximal voluntary force output in non-exercised, contralateral muscles as well as comparing upper and lower limb muscles. Since prior studies primarily investigated contralateral muscles, the purpose of this study was to compare NLMF effects on elbow flexors (EF) and plantar flexors (PF) force and activation (electromyography: EMG). Secondly, possible differences when testing ipsilateral or contralateral muscles with a single or repeated isometric maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) were also investigated. Twelve participants (six males: (27.3 ± 2.5 years, 186.0 ± 2.2 cm, 91.0 ± 4.1 kg; six females: 23.0 ± 1.6 years, 168.2 ± 6.7 cm, 60.0 ± 4.3 kg) attended six randomized sessions where ipsilateral or contralateral PF or EF MVC force and EMG activity (root mean square) were tested following a dominant knee extensors (KE) fatigue intervention (2×100s MVC) or equivalent rest (control). Testing involving a single MVC (5s) was completed by the ipsilateral or contralateral PF or EF prior to and immediately post-interventions. One minute after the post-intervention single MVC, a 12×5s MVCs fatigue test was completed. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that ipsilateral EF post-fatigue force was lower (-6.6%, p = 0.04, d = 0.18) than pre-fatigue with no significant changes in the contralateral or control conditions. EF demonstrated greater fatigue indexes for the ipsilateral (9.5%, p = 0.04, d = 0.75) and contralateral (20.3%, p < 0.01, d = 1.50) EF over the PF, respectively. There were no significant differences in PF force, EMG or EF EMG post-test or during the MVCs fatigue test. The results suggest that NLMF effects are side and muscle specific where prior KE fatigue could hinder subsequent ipsilateral upper body performance and thus is an important consideration for rehabilitation, recreation and athletic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H D Whitten
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Daniel D Hodgson
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Eric J Drinkwater
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Kositsky A, Avela J. The Effects of Cold Water Immersion on the Recovery of Drop Jump Performance and Mechanics: A Pilot Study in Under-20 Soccer Players. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:17. [PMID: 33345011 PMCID: PMC7739749 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold water immersion (CWI) is a popular method used for enhancing recovery from exercise. However, the efficacy of this approach is inconclusive and studies investigating variables contributing to overall performance are scarce. Additionally, few studies have investigated the recovery of stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) performance after a fatiguing SSC task. The SSC occurs naturally in human locomotion and induces a recovery pattern different from isolated muscle contractions (e.g., pure eccentric exercise). Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single CWI on jumping performance and mechanics after exhaustive SSC exercise. On a sledge apparatus, 10 male under-20 soccer players (age 18–20 years) performed five sets of 20 maximal drop jumps (DJ) followed by continuous submaximal rebounding. Subjects were equally randomized into a passive recovery control (CON) or CWI group (10 ± 0.5°C for 20 min). Prior to, upon completion of, and at 24 and 48 h follow-ups, subjects performed maximal DJs recorded with a high-speed video camera. Blood samples were taken and subjective muscle soreness was measured. Rebound jump height was impaired immediately after exercise, although significant only for CWI (CON: −12.4 cm, p = 0.083; CWI: −9.9 cm, p = 0.009). The CWI group demonstrated significant recovery of jump height at 24 h (+6.3 cm, p = 0.031) and 48 h (+8.9 cm, p = 0.002) compared to post-exercise. Ankle joint stiffness was decreased for CWI (−2.1 to −2.5 Nm/°, p = 0.005–0.041). Creatine kinase activity was similarly increased for both groups at 24 and 48 h, while there was also no group effect in muscle soreness (p ≥ 0.056). This pilot study demonstrates the potential for CWI to slightly enhance the recovery of DJ performance. However, this occurred in parallel with reduced ankle joint stiffness, signifying that jumps were performed with less efficiency, which would not be favorable for repeated SSC actions. While this should be confirmed with a larger sample size, this highlights the potential for CWI to be detrimental to the mechanical properties of the ankle joint. Therefore, future recovery intervention studies should concomitantly investigate variables contributing to performance, rather than just overall performance itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kositsky
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Janne Avela
- Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Neuromodulation in Patients with Unilateral Anterior Knee Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term and crossover effects of a percutaneous neuromodulation (PNM) intervention on the femoral nerve, regarding the pain, knee flexion motion (range of motion (ROM)), and functionality, in patients with unilateral anterior knee pain (AKP). Our study used a randomized clinical trial design. Thirty patients were divided into two groups: one asymptomatic knee group in which patients received stimulation in the femoral nerve corresponding to the nonsymptomatic knee; and one symptomatic knee group, in which patients received stimulation in the femoral nerve corresponding to the painful knee. Pain, knee flexion ROM, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) and Kujala questionnaires were evaluated. Twenty-eight patients completed the study. Compared to their baseline values, both groups showed an increase immediately at 24 h, and at 1 week for the knee flexion ROM variable. In addition, the symptomatic knee group showed an increase for the Kujala score and a decrease for the numeric rating scale (NRS) variable from baseline to 1 week. VISA-P score did not show statistically significant differences for the time-group interaction. After the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in any measured time. Conclusion: a single-shot ultrasound-guided PNM intervention per week in the femoral nerve may be an effective treatment for improving the pain, knee flexion ROM, and knee functionality. In addition, this technique produces crossover benefits in the nonintervention limb.
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Aboodarda SJ, Iannetta D, Emami N, Varesco G, Murias JM, Millet GY. Effects of pre-induced fatigue vs. concurrent pain on exercise tolerance, neuromuscular performance and corticospinal responses of locomotor muscles. J Physiol 2020; 598:285-302. [PMID: 31826296 DOI: 10.1113/jp278943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fatigue and muscle pain induced in a remote muscle group has been shown to alter neuromuscular performance in exercising muscles. Inhibitory neural feedback associated with activation of mechano- and metabo-sensitive muscle afferents has been implicated in this phenomenon. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the effects of pre-induced fatigue and concurrent rising pain (evoked by muscle ischaemia) on the contralateral leg exercise capacity, neuromuscular performance, and corticomotor excitability and inhibition of knee extensor muscles. Pre-induced fatigue in one leg had a greater detrimental effect than the concurrent rising pain on the contralateral limb cycling capacity. Furthermore, pre-induced fatigue, but not concurrent rising pain, reduced corticospinal inhibition recorded from tested contralateral muscles. Regardless of the origin or mechanisms modulating sensory afferents during single-leg cycling exercise (i.e. pre-induced fatigue vs. concurrent rising pain), the limit of exercise tolerance remained the same and exercise was terminated upon achievement of a sensory tolerance limit. ABSTRACT Individuals often need to maintain voluntary contractions during high intensity exercise in the presence of fatigue and pain. This investigation examined the effects of pre-induced fatigue and concurrent rising pain (evoked by muscle ischaemia) in one leg on motor fatigability and corticospinal excitability/inhibition of the contralateral limb. Twelve healthy males undertook four experimental protocols including unilateral cycling to task failure at 80% of peak power output with: (i) the right-leg (RL); (ii) the left-leg (LL); (iii) RL immediately preceded by LL protocol (FAT-RL); and (iv) RL when blood flow was occluded in the contralateral (left) leg (PAIN-RL). Participants performed maximal and submaximal 5 s right-leg knee extensions during which transcranial magnetic and femoral nerve electrical stimuli were delivered to elicit motor-evoked and compound muscle action potentials, respectively. The pre-induced fatigue reduced the right leg cycling time-to-task failure (mean ± SD; 332 ± 137 s) to a greater extent than concurrent pain (460 ± 158 s), compared to RL (580 ± 226 s) (P < 0.001). The maximum voluntary contraction force declined less following FAT-RL (P < 0.019) and PAIN-RL (P < 0.032) compared to RL. Voluntary activation declined and the corticospinal excitability recorded from knee extensors increased similarly after the three conditions (P < 0.05). However, the pre-induced fatigue, but not concurrent pain, reduced corticospinal inhibition compared to RL (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that regardless of the origin and/or mechanisms modulating sensory afferent feedback during single-leg cycling (e.g. pre-induced fatigue vs. concurrent rising pain), the limit of exercise tolerance remains the same, suggesting that exercise will be terminated upon achievement of sensory tolerance limit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Iannetta
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nader Emami
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Juan M Murias
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
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Aboodarda SJ, Zhang CXY, Sharara R, Cline M, Millet GY. Exercise-Induced Fatigue in One Leg Does Not Impair the Neuromuscular Performance in the Contralateral Leg but Improves the Excitability of the Ipsilateral Corticospinal Pathway. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100250. [PMID: 31557879 PMCID: PMC6827080 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of pre-induced fatigue in one leg on neuromuscular performance and corticospinal responses of the contralateral homologous muscles, three experiments were conducted with different exercise protocols; A (n = 12): a 60 s rest vs. time-matched sustained left leg knee extension maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), B (n = 12): a 60 s rest vs. time-matched left leg MVC immediately followed by 60 s right leg MVC, and C (n = 9): a similar protocol to experiment B, but with blood flow occluded in the left leg while the right leg was performing the 60 s MVC. The neuromuscular assessment included 5 s knee extensions at 100%, 75%, and 50% of MVC. At each force level, transcranial magnetic and peripheral nerve stimuli were elicited to investigate the influence of different protocols on the right (tested) knee extensors’ maximal force output, voluntary activation, corticospinal excitability, and inhibition. The pre-induced fatigue in the left leg did not alter the performance nor the neuromuscular responses recorded from the right leg in the three experiments (all p > 0.3). However, enhanced corticospinal pathway excitability was evident in the tested knee extensors (p = 0.002). These results suggest that the pre-induced fatigue and muscle ischemia in one leg did not compromise the central and peripheral components of the neuromuscular function in the tested contralateral leg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Xin Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ruva Sharara
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Madeleine Cline
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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Morgan PT, Bailey SJ, Banks RA, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. Contralateral fatigue during severe-intensity single-leg exercise: influence of acute acetaminophen ingestion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R346-R354. [PMID: 31141387 PMCID: PMC6732432 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00084.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive single-leg exercise has been suggested to reduce time to task failure (Tlim) during subsequent exercise in the contralateral leg by exacerbating central fatigue development. We investigated the influence of acetaminophen (ACT), an analgesic that may blunt central fatigue development, on Tlim during single-leg exercise completed with and without prior fatiguing exercise of the contralateral leg. Fourteen recreationally active men performed single-leg severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise to Tlim on the left (Leg1) and right (Leg2) legs without prior contralateral fatigue and on Leg2 immediately following Leg1 (Leg2-CONTRA). The tests were completed following ingestion of 1-g ACT or maltodextrin [placebo (PL)] capsules. Intramuscular phosphorus-containing metabolites and substrates and muscle activation were assessed using 31P-MRS and electromyography, respectively. Tlim was not different between Leg1ACT and Leg1PL conditions (402 ± 101 vs. 390 ± 106 s, P = 0.11). There was also no difference in Tlim between Leg2ACT-CONTRA and Leg2PL-CONTRA (324 ± 85 vs. 311 ± 92 s, P = 0.10), but Tlim was shorter in Leg2ACT-CONTRA and Leg2PL-CONTRA than in Leg2CON (385 ± 104 s, both P < 0.05). There were no differences in intramuscular phosphorus-containing metabolites and substrates or muscle activation between Leg1ACT and Leg1PL and between Leg2ACT-CONTRA and Leg2PL-CONTRA (all P > 0.05). These findings suggest that levels of metabolic perturbation and muscle activation at Tlim are not different during single-leg severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise completed with or without prior fatiguing exercise of the contralateral leg. Despite contralateral fatigue, ACT ingestion did not alter neuromuscular responses, muscle metabolites, or exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morgan
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys A Banks
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- Peninsula Clinical Research Facility, National Institute for Health Research, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Prieske O, Aboodarda SJ, Benitez Sierra JA, Behm DG, Granacher U. Slower but not faster unilateral fatiguing knee extensions alter contralateral limb performance without impairment of maximal torque output. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:323-334. [PMID: 28078451 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of unilateral fatigue of the knee extensors at different movement velocities on neuromuscular performance in the fatigued and non-fatigued leg. METHODS Unilateral fatigue of the knee extensors was induced in 11 healthy young men (23.7 ± 3.8 years) at slower (60°/s; FAT60) and faster movement velocities (240°/s; FAT240) using an isokinetic dynamometer. A resting control (CON) condition was included. The fatigue protocols consisted of five sets of 15 maximal concentric knee extensions using the dominant leg. Before and after fatigue, peak isokinetic torque (PIT) and time to PIT (TTP) of the knee extensors as well as electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris muscles were assessed at 60 and 240°/s movement velocities in the fatigued and non-fatigued leg. RESULTS In the fatigued leg, significantly greater PIT decrements were observed following FAT60 and FAT240 (11-19%) compared to CON (3-4%, p = .002, d = 2.3). Further, EMG activity increased in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscle following FAT240 only (8-28%, 0.018 ≤ p ≤ .024, d = 1.8). In the non-fatigued leg, shorter TTP values were found after the FAT60 protocol (11-15%, p = .023, d = 2.4). No significant changes were found for EMG data in the non-fatigued leg. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that both slower and faster velocity fatiguing contractions failed to show any evidence of cross-over fatigue on PIT. However, unilateral knee extensor fatigue protocols conducted at slower movement velocities (i.e., 60°/s) appear to modulate torque production on the non-fatigued side (evident in shorter TTP values).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Prieske
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - José A Benitez Sierra
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Science, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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Ben Othman A, Chaouachi A, Hammami R, Chaouachi MM, Kasmi S, Behm DG. Evidence of nonlocal muscle fatigue in male youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:229-237. [PMID: 28177751 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for nonlocal muscle fatigue (NLMF) has been inconsistent in adults, with no studies investigating youth. The objective was to examine NLMF in youth. Forty-two young males (age, 10-13 years) were tested for maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force of the ipsilateral and contralateral knee extensors at 90° and 120° knee flexion, elbow flexors at 90°, handgrip, knee extensor isokinetic torque (300°·s-1 analyzed at 90° and 120° knee flexion), as well as a unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) and Y Balance test (YBT). Isokinetic fatigue group (n = 15) had unilateral fatigue induced with 10 sets of 20 repetitions of maximal isokinetic knee extensor contractions at 300°·s-1. Isometric fatigue group (n = 15) used 10 repetitions of 6-s knee extensor MVIC whereas the control group (n = 12) were not fatigued. There was no significant difference in the response to the isometric- or isokinetic-fatigue intervention protocols. Main time effects indicated that NLMF was evident with the contralateral knee extensor MVIC at 90° (p = 0.008; 8.9%), knee extensor isokinetic torque at 90° (p < 0.001; 11.4%), and 120° (p = 0.05; 5.4%), CMJ (p = 0.02; 11.5%), handgrip (p = 0.06; 4.5%), elbow flexors (p < 0.001; 7.7%), and YBT (p = 0.001; 5.6%). Ipsilateral NLMF deficits occurred with handgrip (p < 0.001; 7.3%), elbow flexors MVICs (p < 0.001; 10.7%), CMJ (p = 0.02; 12.2%), and YBT (p = 0.002; 3.8%). NLMF with similar relative fatigue-induced deficits of fatigued and nonfatigued limbs suggest that youth fatigue is highly dependent upon the extent of activation or inhibition of the nervous system. Coaches of young athletes might consider developing technical motor skills before fatiguing exercise components, which might hinder the proficiency of their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Ben Othman
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,c Sports Performance Research Institute, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raouf Hammami
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi M Chaouachi
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sofien Kasmi
- a Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David G Behm
- b Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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The effects of accumulated muscle fatigue on the mechanomyographic waveform: implications for injury prediction. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1485-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Behm DG, Cavanaugh T, Quigley P, Reid JC, Nardi PSM, Marchetti PH. Acute bouts of upper and lower body static and dynamic stretching increase non-local joint range of motion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 116:241-9. [PMID: 26410819 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are conflicts in the literature concerning the crossover or non-local effects of stretching. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether static (SS) and dynamic (DS) stretching of the shoulders would affect hip flexor range of motion (ROM) and performance and reciprocally whether SS and DS of the lower body would affect shoulder extension ROM and performance. METHODS A randomized crossover study design examined the acute effects of upper and lower body SS and DS on lower and upper body performance measures, respectively. Experimental sessions included upper and lower body control tests, upper body (shoulder horizontal abduction) SS and lower body (hip abduction) SS, upper body (shoulder horizontal abduction and adduction) DS and lower body DS (hip abduction and adduction). Passive static and dynamic ROM (hip flexion, shoulder extension), leg flexor and elbow flexor maximal voluntary contraction isometric force, fatigue endurance and electromyography were measured. RESULTS There were significant shoulder ROM increases following lower body SS (P < 0.010, ∆% = 8.2%) and DS (P < 0.019, ∆% = 9%). There was a significant hip flexor ROM (P < 0.016, ∆% = 5.2%) increase following upper body SS. There were no significant main effects or interactions for dynamic ROM or muscle force and activation variables. CONCLUSION The lack of stretch-induced force and fatigue changes suggests that rather than a mechanical or neural drive mechanism, an enhanced stretch tolerance was likely the significant factor in the improved ROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David George Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Tyler Cavanaugh
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Patrick Quigley
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Christopher Reid
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, Newfoundland, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Priscyla Silva Monteiro Nardi
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Marchetti
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Science of Human Movement, College of Health Science (FACIS), Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Halperin I, Chapman DW, Behm DG. Non-local muscle fatigue: effects and possible mechanisms. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2031-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effect of unilateral knee extensor fatigue on force and balance of the contralateral limb. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2177-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chaouachi A, Padulo J, Kasmi S, Othmen AB, Chatra M, Behm DG. Unilateral static and dynamic hamstrings stretching increases contralateral hip flexion range of motion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:23-29. [PMID: 26017182 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Static (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS) can lead to subsequent performance impairments or enhancement with the stretched limb. Crossover or non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) refers to unilateral fatigue-induced impairments in a contralateral or non-exercised muscle. Whereas there are conflicting findings in the NLMF literature, there are few studies examining the effect of an acute bout of SS or DS on contralateral flexibility, torque or power. Fourteen highly trained subjects (means ± standard deviations: 18 ± 2 years; 179·4 ± 4·6 cm; 70·5 ± 6·3 kg; %body fat: 10·7 ± 2·5%) were tested before and following separate sessions of eight repetitions of 30 s of unilateral hip flexion SS or DS. Pre- and postintervention testing at 1 and 10 min included hip flexor range of motion (ROM), isokinetic leg flexion torque and power at 60°.s-1 and 300°.s-1 of the stretched and contralateral limbs. The stretched limb had a 6·3% (P = 0·01; ES: 0·91) ROM increase with DS at 10 min. The contralateral non-stretched hip flexors experienced ROM increases with SS of 5·7% (P = 0·02; ES: 0·68) from pretest to 1 min post-test, whereas DS showed 7·1% (P<0·0001; ES: 1·09) and 8·4% (P = 0·005; ES: 0·89) increases, respectively. There were no relative differences in ROM changes between conditions or limbs nor any stretch-induced changes in isokinetic torque or power. In conclusion, unilateral SS and DS augment contralateral limb ROM likely through an increased stretch tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sofien Kasmi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Ben Othmen
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moktar Chatra
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
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Halperin I, Copithorne D, Behm DG. Unilateral isometric muscle fatigue decreases force production and activation of contralateral knee extensors but not elbow flexors. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1338-44. [PMID: 25291403 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonlocal muscle fatigue occurs when fatiguing 1 muscle alters performance of another rested muscle. The purpose of the study was to investigate if fatiguing 2 separate muscles would affect the same rested muscle, and if fatiguing the same muscle would affect 2 separate muscles. Twenty-one trained males participated in 2 studies (n = 11; n = 10). Subjects performed 2 pre-test maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) with the nondominant knee extensors. Thereafter they performed two 100-s MVCs with their dominant knee extensors, elbow flexors, or rested. Between and after the sets, a single MVC with the nondominant rested knee extensors was performed. Subsequently, 12 nondominant knee extensors repeated MVCs were completed. Force, quadriceps voluntary activation (VA), and electromyography (EMG) were measured. The same protocol was employed in study 2 except the nondominant elbow-flexors were tested. Study 1: Compared with control conditions, a significant decrease in nondominant knee extensors force, EMG, and VA was found under both fatiguing conditions (P ≤ 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.91-1.15; 2%-8%). Additionally, decrements in all variables were found from the first post-intervention MVC to the last (P ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.82-2.40; 9%-20%). Study 2: No differences were found between conditions for all variables (P ≥ 0.33; ES ≤ 0.2; ≤3.0%). However, all variables decreased from the first post-intervention MVC to the last (P ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.4-3.0; 7.2%-19.7%). Whereas the rested knee extensors demonstrated nonlocal effects regardless of the muscle being fatigued, the elbow-flexors remained unaffected. This suggests that nonlocal effects are muscle specific, which may hold functional implications for training and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Halperin
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Halperin I, Aboodarda SJ, Behm DG. Knee extension fatigue attenuates repeated force production of the elbow flexors. Eur J Sport Sci 2014; 14:823-9. [PMID: 24766625 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.911355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-local muscle fatigue has been demonstrated with unilateral activities, where fatiguing one limb alters opposite limb forces. Fewer studies have examined if non-local fatigue occurs with unrelated muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate if knee extensors fatigue alters elbow flexors force and electromyography (EMG) activity. Eighteen males completed a control and fatiguing session (randomised). Blood lactate was initially sampled followed by three maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) with the elbow flexors and two with the knee extensors. Thereafter, subjects either sat (control) or performed five sets of bilateral dynamic knee extensions to exhaustion using a load equal to the dominant limb MVC (1-min rest between sets). Immediately afterwards, subjects were assessed for blood lactate and unilateral knee extensors MVC, and after 1 min performed a single unilateral elbow flexor MVC. Two minutes later, subjects performed 12 unilateral elbow flexor MVCs (5 s contraction/10 s rest) followed by a third blood lactate test. Compared to control, knee extensor force dropped by 35% (p < 0.001; ES = 1.6) and blood lactate increased by 18% (p < 0.001; ES = 2.8). Elbow flexor forces were lower after the fatiguing protocol only during the last five MVCs (p < 0.05; ES = ∼ 0.58; ∼ 5%). No changes occurred between conditions in EMG. Elbow flexor forces significantly decreased after knee extensors fatigue. The effect was revealed during the later stages of the repeated MVCs protocol, demonstrating that non-local fatigue may have a stronger effect on repeated rather than on single attempts of maximal force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Halperin
- a School of Human Kinetics and Recreation , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
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Acute and 2 days delayed effects of exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise on barefoot walking and running patterns. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:2817-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Morio C, Chavet P, Androuet P, Foissac M, Berton E, Nicol C. Time course of neuro-mechanical changes underlying stretch–shortening cycle during intermittent exhaustive rebound exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2295-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Unilateral lower limb muscle fatigue induces bilateral effects on undisturbed stance and muscle EMG activities. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2010; 20:947-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Regueme SC, Barthèlemy J, Gauthier GM, Blin O, Nicol C. Delayed influence of stretch-shortening cycle fatigue on large ankle joint position coded with static positional signals. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 18:373-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Regueme S, Barthèlemy J, Gauthier G, Nicol C. Changes in illusory ankle movements induced by tendon vibrations during the delayed recovery phase of stretch-shortening cycle fatigue: An indirect study of muscle spindle sensitivity modifications. Brain Res 2007; 1185:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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