1
|
ARDOINO A, IERVASI E, ZARCONE D, SAVERINO D. Evaluation and comparison of static balance among different competitive female athletes. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
2
|
Wang S, Liu HY, Cheng YC, Su CH. Exercise Dosage in Reducing the Risk of Dementia Development: Mode, Duration, and Intensity-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413331. [PMID: 34948942 PMCID: PMC8703896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Senile dementia, also known as dementia, is the mental deterioration which is associated with aging. It is characterized by a decrease in cognitive abilities, inability to concentrate, and especially the loss of higher cerebral cortex function, including memory, judgment, abstract thinking, and other loss of personality, even behavior changes. As a matter of fact, dementia is the deterioration of mental and intellectual functions caused by brain diseases in adults when they are mature, which affects the comprehensive performance of life and work ability. Most dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple infarct dementia (vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia). Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by atrophy, shedding, and degenerative alterations in brain cells, and its occurrence is linked to age. The fraction of the population with dementia is smaller before the age of 65, and it increases after the age of 65. Since women live longer than men, the proportion of women with Alzheimer’s disease is higher. Multiple infarct dementia is caused by a cerebral infarction, which disrupts blood supply in multiple locations and impairs cerebral cortex function. Researchers worldwide are investigating ways to prevent Alzheimer’s disease; however, currently, there are no definitive answers for Alzheimer’s prevention. Even so, research has shown that we can take steps to reduce the risk of developing it. Prospective studies have found that even light to moderate physical activity can lower the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Exercise has been proposed as a potential lifestyle intervention to help reduce the occurrence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Various workout modes will be introduced based on various physical conditions. In general, frequent exercise for 6–8 weeks lessens the risk of dementia development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukai Wang
- College of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China;
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-Chen Cheng
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975159678
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Two-Year Follow-up of a Multimodal Intervention on Functional Capacity and Muscle Power in Frail Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:1906-1911. [PMID: 34265268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effects of a program composed of resistance training and nutritional interventions on functional capacity, maximal strength, and power output after 2 years of follow-up, including 2 periods of 16 weeks of intervention followed by several weeks of intervention cessation in frail patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN MIDPOW is a substudy of a multicenter, multimodal intervention composed of resistance training combined with a structured diabetes and nutritional education program in frail and prefrail older people with type 2 diabetes (MID-Frail). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study recruited 52 participants (mean age: 79 ± 5.6, 63% women), with type 2 diabetes mellitus, frail or prefrail using Fried's frailty phenotype. METHODS Primary outcomes of this substudy were Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and maximal power output at 30% and 80% of 1RM. RESULTS Each set of 16 weeks of intervention resulted in significant improvements in SPPB performance by a mean of 36.1% at week 18 (P < .001) and 10.2% at week 68 (P < .05). Maximal power output improvements at 30% and 80% of the 1RM ranged from 45.2% to 57.2% at week 18 (P < .01-.001); and no significant changes were observed after the second period of intervention. After 2 years of follow-up, the SPPB and maximal power values observed remained significantly higher than the baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Resistance training combined with nutritional program improved SPPB, maximal strength, and power output in older frail patients with diabetes. These improvements were maintained above the basal levels after several weeks of intervention cessation during a 2-year follow-up.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jones MD, Wewege MA, Hackett DA, Keogh JWL, Hagstrom AD. Sex Differences in Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Following Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:503-517. [PMID: 33332016 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in muscle size and strength occur with aging. These changes can be mitigated by participation in resistance training. At present, it is unknown if sex contributes to differences in adaptation to resistance training in older adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to determine if sex differences are apparent in adaptations to resistance training in older adults. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Web of Science; Science Direct; SPORTDiscus; CINAHL; and MEDLINE were searched from inception to June 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies where males and females older than 50 years of age performed identical resistance training interventions and had outcome measures of muscle strength or size. RESULTS We initially screened 5337 studies. 30 studies (with 41 comparison groups) were included in our review (1410 participants; 651 males, 759 females). Mean study quality was 14.7/29 on a modified Downs and Black checklist, considered moderate quality. Females gained more relative lower-body strength than males (g = - 0.21 [95% CI - 0.33, - 0.10], p = 0.0003) but there were no differences in relative change for upper-body strength (g = - 0.29 [95% CI - 0.62, 0.04], p = 0.08) or relative muscle size (g = 0.10 [95% CI - 0.04, 0.23], p = 0.16). Males gained more absolute upper-body strength (g = 0.48 [95% CI 0.09, 0.88], p = 0.016), absolute lower-body strength (g = 0.33 [95% CI 0.19, 0.47], p < 0.0001), and absolute muscle size (g = 0.45 [95% CI 0.23, 0.66], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that sex differences in adaptations to resistance training are apparent in older adults. However, it is evident that the interpretation of sex-dependent adaptations to resistance training is heavily influenced by the presentation of the results in either an absolute or relative context. STUDY REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (osf.io/afn3y/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Jones
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael A Wewege
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel A Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin W L Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Human Potential Centre, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amanda D Hagstrom
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kebbe M, Sparks JR, Flanagan EW, Redman LM. Beyond weight loss: current perspectives on the impact of calorie restriction on healthspan and lifespan. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:95-108. [PMID: 33957841 PMCID: PMC9052419 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1922077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Changes to mental, physical, and physiological functions drive the complex processes underlying the variable progression of human aging. Nutritional interventions are one of the most promising non-pharmacological therapeutics to attenuate aging in humans. This narrative review aims to describe the implications of moderate and prolonged calorie restriction (CR) in healthy adults without obesity that occur beyond weight loss.Areas covered: Findings from CR studies, such as the CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) trials, the most rigorous trials to date examining a prolonged 25% CR, are described. The main areas covered include; changes to anthropometrics, energy metabolism, cardiometabolic health, inflammation and immune function, physical fitness, health behaviors, and mental health in response to weight loss (1-year) and weight loss maintenance (2-year).Expert opinion: CR presents a novel and effective therapeutic approach for improving healthspan and biomarkers of lifespan. To date, scientific evidence suggests that continued CR, under medical supervision, is accompanied with persistent and beneficial effects on health outcomes independent of weight loss. Mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated, and novel dietary approaches that may similarly attenuate aging-related conditions should be explored and compared to traditional CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kebbe
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Joshua R Sparks
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Emily W Flanagan
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Smeets JBJ, Brenner E, Verschueren S, Duysens J. Effects of ageing on responses to stepping-target displacements during walking. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:127-140. [PMID: 32995959 PMCID: PMC7815571 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Human sensory and motor systems deteriorate with age. When walking, older adults may therefore find it more difficult to adjust their steps to new visual information, especially considering that such adjustments require control of balance as well as of foot trajectory. Our study investigates the effects of ageing on lower limb responses to unpredictable target shifts. Methods Participants walked on a treadmill with projected stepping targets that occasionally shifted in the medial or lateral direction. The shifts occurred at a random moment during the early half of the swing phase of either leg. Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity data were collected. Results Older adults responded later and corrected for a smaller proportion of the shift than young adults. The order in which muscle activation changed was similar in both groups, with responses of gluteus medius and semitendinosus from about 120 to 140 ms after the shift. Most muscles responded slightly later to lateral target shifts in the older adults than in the young adults, but this difference was not observed for medial target shifts. Ageing delayed the behavioural responses more than it did the electromyographic (EMG) responses. Conclusions Our study suggests that older adults can adjust their walking to small target shifts during the swing phase, but not as well as young adults. Furthermore, muscle strength probably plays a substantial role in the changes in online adjustments during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, FaBer, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen B J Smeets
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eli Brenner
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, FaBer, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Duysens
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, FaBer, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of Resistance Training Movement Pattern and Velocity on Isometric Muscular Rate of Force Development: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. Sports Med 2020; 50:943-963. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Yasar Z, Dewhurst S, Hayes LD. Peak Power Output Is Similarly Recovered After Three- and Five-Days' Rest Following Sprint Interval Training in Young and Older Adults. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7040094. [PMID: 31027172 PMCID: PMC6524350 DOI: 10.3390/sports7040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) exerts effects indicative of improved health in young and older populations. However, prescribing analogous training programmes is inappropriate, as recovery from HIIT is different between young and older individuals. Sprint interval training (SIT) is a derivative of HIIT but with shorter, maximal effort intervals. Prior to prescribing this mode of training, it is imperative to understand the recovery period to prevent residual fatigue affecting subsequent adaptations. (2) Methods: Nine older (6M/3F; mean age of 70 ± 8 years) and nine young (6M/3F; mean age of 24 ± 3 years) participants performed a baseline peak power output (PPO) test. Subsequently, two SIT sessions consisting of three repetitions of 20 s ‘all-out’ stationary cycling bouts interspersed by 3 minutes of self-paced recovery were performed. SIT sessions were followed by 3 days’ rest and 5 days’ rest on two separate occasions, in a randomised crossover design. PPO was measured again to determine whether recovery had been achieved after 3 days or after 5 days. (3) Results: Two-way repeated measure (age (older, young) × 3 time (baseline, 3 days, 5 days)) ANOVA revealed a large effect of age (p = 0.002, n2p = 0.460), with older participants having a lower PPO compared to young participants. A small effect of time (p = 0.702, n2p = 0.022), and a medium interaction between age and time (p = 0.098, n2p = 0.135) was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates both young and older adults recover PPO following 3 and 5 days’ rest. As such, both groups could undertake SIT following three days of rest, without a reduction in PPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zerbu Yasar
- Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster LA1 3JD, UK.
| | - Susan Dewhurst
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, Department of Medical and Sport Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster LA1 3JD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martínez-Carbonell Guillamón E, Burgess L, Immins T, Martínez-Almagro Andreo A, Wainwright TW. Does aquatic exercise improve commonly reported predisposing risk factors to falls within the elderly? A systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:52. [PMID: 30795740 PMCID: PMC6387499 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, the elderly are at the highest risk of injury or death from a fall. Age-related changes in strength, balance and flexibility are degenerative factors that may increase the risk of falling, and an aquatic training may offer a favourable environment to improve these modifiable risk factors. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to assess the potential preventative role of aquatic exercise for reducing the risk of falls in the elderly by improving predisposing risk factors. Electronic databases and reference lists of pertinent articles published between 2005 and 2018 were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly or indirectly addressed the effect of aquatic exercise for the prevention of falls in healthy participants were included within the synthesis. Studies were included if they were reported between January 2005 and May 2018 within a population aged between 60 and 90 years old that were without exercise-effecting comorbidities. Data related to participant demographics, study design, methodology, interventions and outcomes was extracted by one reviewer. Methodological quality assessment was independently performed by two reviewers using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale. RESULTS Fourteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Exercise intervention duration and frequency varied from 2 to 24 weeks, from 2 to 3 times per week, from 40 to 90 min per session. Fall rate was not reported in any of the studies analysed. However, aquatic exercise improved key predisposing physical fitness components that are modifiable and internal risk factors for falling. CONCLUSIONS There is limited, low-quality evidence to support the use of aquatic exercise for improving physiological components that are risk factors for falling. Although the evidence is limited, and many interventions are not well described, these results should be considered by health and exercise professionals when making evidence-based, clinical decisions regarding training programmes to reduce the risk of falling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martínez-Carbonell Guillamón
- Faculty of Health Science, Catholic University of Murcia, UCAM, Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, 6th Floor, Executive Business Centre, 89 Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB UK
| | - Louise Burgess
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, 6th Floor, Executive Business Centre, 89 Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB UK
| | - Tikki Immins
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, 6th Floor, Executive Business Centre, 89 Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB UK
| | - Andrés Martínez-Almagro Andreo
- Faculty of Health Science, Catholic University of Murcia, UCAM, Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Thomas W. Wainwright
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, 6th Floor, Executive Business Centre, 89 Holdenhurst Road, Bournemouth, BH8 8EB UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakugawa RL, Moura BM, Orssatto LBDR, Bezerra EDS, Cadore EL, Diefenthaeler F. Effects of resistance training, detraining, and retraining on strength and functional capacity in elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 31:31-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
11
|
Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:7275-7309. [PMID: 29028112 PMCID: PMC5730851 DOI: 10.1113/jp275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is "the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signalling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events" (Davies, 2016). Adaptive homeostasis enables biological systems to make continuous short-term adjustments for optimal functioning despite ever-changing internal and external environments. Initiation of adaptation in response to an appropriate signal allows organisms to successfully cope with much greater, normally toxic, stresses. These short-term responses are initiated following effective signals, including hypoxia, cold shock, heat shock, oxidative stress, exercise-induced adaptation, caloric restriction, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, immune response, and even emotional stress. There is now substantial literature detailing a decline in adaptive homeostasis that, unfortunately, appears to manifest with ageing, especially in the last third of the lifespan. In this review, we present the hypothesis that one hallmark of the ageing process is a significant decline in adaptive homeostasis capacity. We discuss the mechanistic importance of diminished capacity for short-term (reversible) adaptive responses (both biochemical and signal transduction/gene expression-based) to changing internal and external conditions, for short-term survival and for lifespan and healthspan. Studies of cultured mammalian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive homeostasis as a potential contributor to age-dependent senescence, increased risk of disease, and even mortality. Emerging work points to Nrf2-Keap1 signal transduction pathway inhibitors, including Bach1 and c-Myc, both of whose tissue concentrations increase with age, as possible major causes for age-dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. D. Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of LettersArts & Sciences: the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089‐0191USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Edholm P, Strandberg E, Kadi F. Lower limb explosive strength capacity in elderly women: effects of resistance training and healthy diet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:190-196. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of 24 wk of resistance training combined with a healthy diet on lower limb explosive strength capacity were investigated in a population of healthy elderly women. Participants ( n = 63; 67.5 ± 0.4 yr) were randomized into three groups; resistance training (RT), resistance training and healthy diet (RT-HD), and control (CON). Progressive resistance training was performed at a load of 75–85% one-repetition maximum. A major adjustment in the healthy dietary approach was an n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio below 2. Lower limb maximal strength, explosive force capacity during dynamic and isometric movements, whole body lean mass, and physical function were assessed. Whole body lean mass significantly increased by 1.5 ± 0.5% in RT-HD only. Isometric strength performance during knee extension as well as the performance in the five sit-to-stand and single-leg-stance tests increased similarly in RT and RT-HD. Improvements in dynamic peak power and time to reach peak power (i.e shorter time) during knee extension occurred in both RT (+15.7 ± 2.6 and −11.0 ± 3.8%, respectively) and RT-HD (+24.6 ± 2.6 and −20.3 ± 2.7%, respectively); however, changes were significantly larger in RT-HD. Similarly, changes in peak force and rate of force development during squat jump were higher in RT-HD (+58.5 ± 8.4 and +185.4 ± 32.9%, respectively) compared with RT (+35.7 ± 6.9 and +105.4 ± 22.4%, respectively). In conclusion, a healthy diet rich in n-3 PUFA can optimize the effects of resistance training on dynamic explosive strength capacity during isolated lower limb movements and multijoint exercises in healthy elderly women. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Age-related decline in lower limb explosive strength leads to impaired ability to perform daily living tasks. The present randomized controlled trial demonstrates that a healthy diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) enhances resistance training-induced gains in dynamic explosive strength capacity during isolated lower limb movements and multijoint exercises in healthy elderly women. This supports the use of strategies combining resistance training and dietary changes to mitigate the decline in explosive strength capacity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Edholm
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Emelie Strandberg
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Impaired muscle force production and higher fatigability in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 63:37-44. [PMID: 28110136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function has been scarcely investigated in sickle cell disease (SCD) so that the corresponding impact of sickle hemoglobin is still a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle force production and fatigability in SCD and to identify whether exercise intensity could have a modulatory effect. Ten homozygous sickle cell (HbSS), ten control (HbAA) and ten heterozygous (HbAS) mice were submitted to two stimulation protocols (moderate and intense) to assess force production and fatigability. We showed that specific maximal tetanic force was lower in HbSS mice as compared to other groups. At the onset of the stimulation period, peak force was reduced in HbSS and HbAS mice as compared to HbAA mice. Contrary to the moderate protocol, the intense stimulation protocol was associated with a larger decrease in peak force and rate of force development in HbSS mice as compared to HbAA and HbAS mice. These findings provide in vivo evidence of impaired muscle force production and resistance to fatigue in SCD. These changes are independent of muscle mass. Moreover, SCD is associated with muscle fatigability when exercise intensity is high.
Collapse
|
14
|
Filar-Mierzwa K, Długosz M, Marchewka A, Dąbrowski Z, Poznańska A. The effect of dance therapy on the balance of women over 60 years of age: The influence of dance therapy for the elderly. J Women Aging 2016; 29:348-355. [PMID: 27552489 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2016.1194689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dance therapy is a physical activity that can lead to balance improvement in older adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dance therapy on balance and risk of falls in older women. Twenty-four older women (mean age 66.4 years old) attended dance sessions for three months. Pretest/posttests were completed using the Postural Stability Test, the Limits of Stability Test, and the Fall Risk Test M-CTSIB. Results showed the Limits of Stability Test was significantly higher (17.5%) after dance classes. Regular use of dance therapy shows promise in improving balance by increasing the limits of stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Filar-Mierzwa
- a Department of Occupational Therapy , University School of Physical Education in Kracow , Kracow , Poland
| | | | - Anna Marchewka
- c Department of Clinical Rehabilitation , University School of Physical Education in Kracow , Kracow , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dąbrowski
- c Department of Clinical Rehabilitation , University School of Physical Education in Kracow , Kracow , Poland
| | - Anna Poznańska
- d Sport Institute , University School of Physical Education in Kracow , Kracow , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Benichou O, Lord SR. Rationale for Strengthening Muscle to Prevent Falls and Fractures: A Review of the Evidence. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:531-45. [PMID: 26847435 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Falls represent a major public health problem in older people, predominantly due to the resulting injuries which lead to progressive disability, immobilization and resulting comorbidities, dependency, institutionalization, and death. Reduced muscle strength and power have been consistently identified as risk factors for falls and related injuries, and it is likely these associations result from the central role played by reduced muscle strength and power in poor balance recovery. In addition, muscle strength and power are involved with protective responses that reduce the risk of an injury if a fall occurs. Progressive resistance training (PRT) is the standard way to increase muscle strength and power, and this training forms one of the main components of fall prevention exercise interventions. However, PRT has rarely been implemented in routine practice due to multiple challenges inherent to frail older people. The ongoing development of drugs expected to increase muscle power offers a new opportunity to reduce the risk of falls and fall-related injuries. The intent here is not to replace exercise training with drugs but rather to offer a pharmacologic alternative when exercise is not possible or contraindicated. The target population would be those most likely to benefit from this mechanism of action, i.e., weak older people without major causes for falls independent of muscle weakness. Provided such a tailored strategy was followed, a muscle anabolic may address this major unmet need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Benichou
- Eli Lilly and Company, 24, Boulevard Vital-Bouhot, 92200, Neuilly, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cooper LAM, Brown SL, Hocking E, Mullen AC. The role of exercise, milk, dairy foods and constituent proteins on the prevention and management of sarcopenia. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L Brown
- The Dairy Council; 210 High Holborn WC1V 7EP London UK
| | - Erica Hocking
- The Dairy Council; 210 High Holborn WC1V 7EP London UK
| | - Anne C Mullen
- The Dairy Council; 210 High Holborn WC1V 7EP London UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Relationship between muscle strength parameters and functional capacity in persons with mild to moderate degree multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2015; 4:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Bottaro M, Izquierdo M. Strength and endurance training prescription in healthy and frail elderly. Aging Dis 2014; 5:183-95. [PMID: 24900941 PMCID: PMC4037310 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities. Frailty is an age-associated biological syndrome characterized by decreases in the biological functional reserve and resistance to stressors due to changes in several physiological systems, which puts older individuals at special risk of disability. To counteract the neuromuscular and cardiovascular declines associated with aging, as well as to prevent and treat the frailty syndrome, the strength and endurance training seems to be an effective strategy to improve muscle hypertrophy, strength and power output, as well as endurance performance. The first purpose of this review was discuss the neuromuscular adaptations to strength training, as well as the cardiovascular adaptations to endurance training in healthy and frail elderly subjects. In addition, the second purpose of this study was investigate the concurrent training adaptations in the elderly. Based on the results found, the combination of strength and endurance training (i.e., concurrent training) performed at moderate volume and moderate to high intensity in elderly populations is the most effective way to improve both neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions. Moreover, exercise interventions that include muscle power training should be prescribed to frail elderly in order to improve the overall physical status of this population and prevent disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Bottaro M, Izquierdo M. Strength and endurance training prescription in healthy and frail elderly. Aging Dis 2014; 35:891-903. [PMID: 24900941 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with declines in the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities. Frailty is an age-associated biological syndrome characterized by decreases in the biological functional reserve and resistance to stressors due to changes in several physiological systems, which puts older individuals at special risk of disability. To counteract the neuromuscular and cardiovascular declines associated with aging, as well as to prevent and treat the frailty syndrome, the strength and endurance training seems to be an effective strategy to improve muscle hypertrophy, strength and power output, as well as endurance performance. The first purpose of this review was discuss the neuromuscular adaptations to strength training, as well as the cardiovascular adaptations to endurance training in healthy and frail elderly subjects. In addition, the second purpose of this study was investigate the concurrent training adaptations in the elderly. Based on the results found, the combination of strength and endurance training (i.e., concurrent training) performed at moderate volume and moderate to high intensity in elderly populations is the most effective way to improve both neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions. Moreover, exercise interventions that include muscle power training should be prescribed to frail elderly in order to improve the overall physical status of this population and prevent disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain ; College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil ; Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain
| |
Collapse
|