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Cho SX, Rudloff I, Lao JC, Pang MA, Goldberg R, Bui CB, McLean CA, Stock M, Klassert TE, Slevogt H, Mangan NE, Cheng W, Fischer D, Gfroerer S, Sandhu MK, Ngo D, Bujotzek A, Lariviere L, Schumacher F, Tiefenthaler G, Beker F, Collins C, Kamlin COF, König K, Malhotra A, Tan K, Theda C, Veldman A, Ellisdon AM, Whisstock JC, Berger PJ, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF. Characterization of the pathoimmunology of necrotizing enterocolitis reveals novel therapeutic opportunities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5794. [PMID: 33188181 PMCID: PMC7666196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe, currently untreatable intestinal disease that predominantly affects preterm infants and is driven by poorly characterized inflammatory pathways. Here, human and murine NEC intestines exhibit an unexpected predominance of type 3/TH17 polarization. In murine NEC, pro-inflammatory type 3 NKp46−RORγt+Tbet+ innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are 5-fold increased, whereas ILC1 and protective NKp46+RORγt+ ILC3 are obliterated. Both species exhibit dysregulation of intestinal TLR repertoires, with TLR4 and TLR8 increased, but TLR5-7 and TLR9-12 reduced. Transgenic IL-37 effectively protects mice from intestinal injury and mortality, whilst exogenous IL-37 is only modestly efficacious. Mechanistically, IL-37 favorably modulates immune homeostasis, TLR repertoires and microbial diversity. Moreover, IL-37 and its receptor IL-1R8 are reduced in human NEC epithelia, and IL-37 is lower in blood monocytes from infants with NEC and/or lower birthweight. Our results on NEC pathomechanisms thus implicate type 3 cytokines, TLRs and IL-37 as potential targets for novel NEC therapies. Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is an untreatable intestinal disease in infants. Here the authors show that human and experimental mouse NEC is associated with altered toll-like receptor expression in the intestine, enhanced Th17/type 3 polarization in adaptive immune and innate lymphoid cells, dysregulated microbiota, and reduced interleukin-37 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven X Cho
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ina Rudloff
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C Lao
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Merrin A Pang
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rimma Goldberg
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine B Bui
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Niamh E Mangan
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China.,Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Doris Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincenz Hospital, Limburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gfroerer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany.,Helios Clinic Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manjeet K Sandhu
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Devi Ngo
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexander Bujotzek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Lariviere
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Felix Schumacher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Georg Tiefenthaler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Beker
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Neonatal Services, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Collins
- Neonatal Services, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Joan Kirner Women's & Children's, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C Omar F Kamlin
- Department of Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kai König
- Medicum Wesemlin, Department of Paediatrics, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenneth Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christiane Theda
- Department of Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Veldman
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincenz Hospital, Limburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Liebig University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrew M Ellisdon
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip J Berger
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Pan H, Gazarian A, Dubernard JM, Belot A, Michallet MC, Michallet M. Transplant Tolerance Induction in Newborn Infants: Mechanisms, Advantages, and Potential Strategies. Front Immunol 2016; 7:116. [PMID: 27092138 PMCID: PMC4823304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several tolerance induction protocols have been successfully implemented in adult renal transplantation, no tolerance induction approach has, as yet, been defined for solid organ transplantations in young infants. Pediatric transplant recipients have a pressing demand for the elaboration of tolerance induction regimens. Indeed, since they display a longer survival time, they are exposed to a higher level of risks linked to long-term immunosuppression (IS) and to chronic rejection. Interestingly, central tolerance induction may be of great interest in newborns, because of their immunological immaturity and the important role of the thymus at this early stage in life. The present review aims to clarify mechanisms and strategies of tolerance induction in these immunologically premature recipients. We first introduce the discovery and mechanisms of neonatal tolerance in murine experimental models and subsequently analyze tolerance induction in human newborn infants. Hematopoietic mixed chimerism in neonates is also discussed based on in utero hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant studies. Then, we review the recent advances in tolerance induction approaches in adults, including the infusion of HSCs associated with less toxic conditioning regimens, regulatory T cells/facilitating cells/mesenchymal stem cells transplantation, costimulatory blockade, and thymus manipulation. Finally, IS withdrawal in pediatric solid organ transplant is discussed. In conclusion, the establishment of transplant tolerance induction in infants is promising and deserves further investigations. Future studies could focus on the selection of patients, on less toxic conditioning regimens, and on biomarkers for IS minimization or withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Pan
- Chair of Transplantation, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aram Gazarian
- Chair of Transplantation, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Department of Hand Surgery, Clinique du Parc, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dubernard
- Chair of Transplantation, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Department of Transplantation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), Université de Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Chair of Transplantation, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Cancer Research Center Lyon (CRCL), UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Mauricette Michallet
- Chair of Transplantation, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre Benite, France
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