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Dhein J, Haller C, Reichl FX, Milz S, Hickel R, Kollmuss M, Högg C. Intranuclear cell uptake and toxicity of titanium dioxide and zirconia particles as well as bacterial adhesion on dental titanium- and zirconia-implants. Dent Mater 2022; 38:517-528. [PMID: 34991888 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that particles can be released from dental titanium (Ti)- and zirconia (ZrO2)-implants. Titanium dioxide (TiO2)- and ZrO2-particles were compared regarding their toxicity and intranuclear cell uptake as well as the adhesion of various anaerobic bacteria on Ti- and ZrO2-implants. METHODS Cyto- and genotoxicity of TiO2-microparticles (TiO2-MPs) and TiO2-nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) in periodontal ligament (PDL)-hTERT cells were determined with XTT test and DNA damage with comet assay. Particle sizes of TiO2- and ZrO2-particles were measured with scanning electron microscope. Intranuclear uptake in PDL-hTERT cells was determined with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Adhesions of relevant anaerobic mouth bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on Ti- and ZrO2-implants were investigated by cultivation and counting bacterial colonies. RESULTS Particle size measurements revealed that 99% of the TiO2-NPs had a size below 100 nm and 88% of the TiO2-MPs sizes were between 50 and 200 nm. Following EC50 values were found for particles (mg/l): 92 (TiO2-MPs) and 15 (TiO2-NPs). A significant increase in olive tail moment (OTM) was found for TiO2-NPs at a concentration of 1/10 EC50. TiO2- and ZrO2-NPs had a higher intranuclear cell uptake efficiency, compared to corresponding TiO2- and ZrO2-MPs. All investigated particles could be detected in cell nucleus. Adhesion of all investigated bacterial species was significantly higher on Ti-implants, compared to ZrO2-implants. CONCLUSION Ti usually develops an oxide layer (TiO2). Particles released from Ti-implants should be TiO2-particles or Ti-particles coated with a TiO2-layer. Toxicity of released Ti-particles depends on their oxidation state and on their size (NP or MP). Particularly, NPs were more cyto- and genotoxic compared to the corresponding MPs. TiO2- and ZrO2-NPs showed a significant increase in the intranuclear cell uptake ratio at higher exposure concentration, compared to lower concentrations and consequently might lead to a higher potential of DNA damage. Adhesion of bacteria to ZrO2-implants is reduced, compared to Ti-implants. Therefore, ZrO2-implants might contribute to reduced biological complications (e.g. periimplantitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dhein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Haller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Milz
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kollmuss
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Högg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
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2
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Aka BEZ, Djeni TN, Amoikon SLT, Kannengiesser J, Ouazzani N, Dje MK. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the microbial community associated with palm oil mill effluents of two oil processing systems. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13232. [PMID: 34168191 PMCID: PMC8225864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME) are complex fermentative substrates which habour diverse native microbial contaminants. However, knowledge on the microbiota community shift caused by the anthropogenic effects of POME in the environment is up to date still to be extensively documented. In this study, the bacterial and archaeal communities of POME from two palm oil processing systems (artisanal and industrial) were investigated by Illumina MiSeq Platform. Despite the common characteristics of these wastewaters, we found that their microbial communities were significantly different with regard to their diversity and relative abundance of their different Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV). Indeed, POME from industrial plants harboured as dominant phyla Firmicutes (46.24%), Bacteroidetes (34.19%), Proteobacteria (15.11%), with the particular presence of Spirochaetes, verrucomicrobia and Synergistetes, while those from artisanal production were colonized by Firmicutes (92.06%), Proteobacteria (4.21%) and Actinobacteria (2.09%). Furthermore, 43 AVSs of archaea were detected only in POME from industrial plants and assigned to Crenarchaeota, Diapherotrites, Euryarchaeota and Nanoarchaeaeota phyla, populated mainly by many methane-forming archaea. Definitively, the microbial community composition of POME from both type of processing was markedly different, showing that the history of these ecosystems and various processing conditions have a great impact on each microbial community structure and diversity. By improving knowledge about this microbiome, the results also provide insight into the potential microbial contaminants of soils and rivers receiving these wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Ella Zranseu Aka
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Theodore N'dede Djeni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Simon Laurent Tiemele Amoikon
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jan Kannengiesser
- Institute IWAR, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA, URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Marcellin Koffi Dje
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie des Aliments, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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Goulas T, Garcia-Ferrer I, Hutcherson JA, Potempa BA, Potempa J, Scott DA, Gomis-Rüth FX. Structure of RagB, a major immunodominant outer-membrane surface receptor antigen of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 31:472-485. [PMID: 26441291 PMCID: PMC4823178 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the main causative agent of periodontitis. It deregulates the inflammatory and innate host immune responses through virulence factors, which include the immunodominant outer-membrane surface receptor antigens A (PgRagA) and B (PgRagB), co-transcribed from the rag pathogenicity island. The former is predicted to be a Ton-dependent porin-type translocator but the targets of this translocation and the molecular function of PgRagB are unknown. Phenomenologically, PgRagB has been linked with epithelial cell invasion and virulence according to murine models. It also acts as a Toll-like receptor agonist and promotes multiple mediators of inflammation. Hence, PgRagB is a candidate for the development of a periodontitis vaccine, which would be facilitated by the knowledge of its atomic structure. Here, we crystallized and solved the structure of 54-kDa PgRagB, which revealed a single domain centered on a curved helical scaffold. It consists of four tetratrico peptide repeats (TPR1-4), each arranged as two helices connected by a linker, plus two extra downstream capping helices. The concave surface bears four large intertwined irregular inserts (A-D), which contribute to an overall compact moiety. Overall, PgRagB shows substantial structural similarity with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron SusD and Tannerella forsythia NanU, which are, respectively, engaged in binding and uptake of malto-oligosaccharide/starch and sialic acid. This suggests a similar sugar-binding function for PgRagB for uptake by the cognate PgRagA translocator, and, consistently, three potential monosaccharide-binding sites were tentatively assigned on the molecular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goulas
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology ('María de Maeztu' Unit of Excellence), Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Garcia-Ferrer
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology ('María de Maeztu' Unit of Excellence), Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Hutcherson
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - B A Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology and Department Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - D A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- Proteolysis Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology ('María de Maeztu' Unit of Excellence), Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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Does estradiol have an impact on the dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity of the Prevotella intermedia group bacteria? Anaerobe 2015; 36:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yano T, Fukamachi H, Yamamoto M, Igarashi T. Characterization of L-cysteine desulfhydrase from Prevotella intermedia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 24:485-92. [PMID: 19832801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrogen sulfide is responsible for lysis of red blood cells and is a major compound for oral malodor. To clarify the production mechanism of hydrogen sulfide in Prevotella intermedia, we found an L-cysteine desulfhydrase gene (lcs) homologue on the genome database of P. intermedia ATCC25611 and characterized its gene product. METHODS The lcs gene homologue cloned into pGEX6p-1 vector was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Lcs activity was assayed by detection of the reaction products (hydrogen sulfide and pyruvate) or its derivatives from L-cysteine. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to convert an amino acid of the Lcs molecule. RESULTS The purified lcs gene product catalysed the degradation of L-cysteine to pyruvate, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide, indicating that the protein is L-cysteine desulfhydrase. The enzyme required pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor, and it was highly active at pH 7.0 and completely inhibited by ZnCl(2). The K(m) and V(max) of the enzyme were 0.7 mm and 4.2 micromol/min/mg, respectively. Replacement of Tyr-59, Tyr-118, Asp-198, and Lys-233 with any of the amino acids resulted in the complete disappearance of Lcs activity, implying that these amino acids are essential for enzyme activity. In addition, hydrogen sulfide produced by this enzyme lysed sheep red blood cells and modified hemoglobin. CONCLUSION These results show the enzymatic properties of L-cysteine desulfhydrase from P. intermedia ATCC25611 and also suggest that the Lcs enzyme, which produces hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine, is closely associated with the pathogenesis of P. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yano
- Department of Periodontology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Guan SM, Zhang M, He JJ, Wu JZ. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase are involved in Prevotella intermedia-induced proinflammatory cytokines expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 386:471-6. [PMID: 19538937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal connective tissues and alveolar bone. Proinflammatory mediators induced by periodontal pathogens play vital roles in the initiation and progression of the disease. In this study, we examined whether Prevotella intermedia induces proinflammatory cytokines expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs). The mRNA expression and protein production were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) respectively. P. intermedia treatment dose- and time-dependently increased IL-6, IL-8 and M-CSF, but not IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression and protein secretion. Preincubation of hPDLs with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors PD98059, SP600125, SB203580 and LY294002 resulted in significant reduction in P. intermedia-induced IL-6, IL-8 and M-CSF expression. Blocking the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by indomethacin also abolished the stimulatory effects of P. intermedia on cytokines expression. Our results indicate that P. intermedia induces proinflammatory cytokines through MAPKs and PI3K signaling pathways, and PGE(2) is involved in the P. intermedia-induced proinflammatory cytokines upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Guan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Itoh T, Nakamura H, Kishi JI, Hayakawa T. The Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases by a Whole-cell Extract from Prevotella nigrescens. J Endod 2009; 35:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Guan SM, Nagata H, Shizukuishi S, Wu JZ. Degradation of human hemoglobin by Prevotella intermedia. Anaerobe 2007; 12:279-82. [PMID: 17081784 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of Prevotella intermedia, an obligate anaerobic rod, to degrade human hemoglobin was determined by SDS-PAGE and the degradation was quantified by scanning densitometry. Both bacterial cells and culture supernatants degraded hemoglobin. The hemoglobin degradation by P. intermedia was time-dependent, heat sensitive, pH related and was not influenced by iron restriction. Inhibition studies demonstrated that a cysteine protease might be involved in hemoglobin degradation and this protease might require metal ions for its activity and it might be thiol-requiring and trypsin-inducible. The results indicate that P. intermedia is capable to release heme from hemoglobin, hence provide a source of iron for its proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Guan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang Le Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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9
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Kruszewska H, Misicka A, Chmielowiec U. Biodegradation of DNA and nucleotides to nucleosides and free bases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:13-20. [PMID: 14751311 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-two different microorganisms were examined in order to check their ability to degrade an exogenous DNA. Bacteria from species: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Brevundimonas diminuta, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium butyricum and fungus Fusarium moniliforme were capable to degrade DNA to nucleic bases or their derivatives. Degradation of DNA by S. maltophilia resulted in formation of free bases, such as hypoxanthine, thymine, uracil and xanthine. The optimum concentration of DNA seemed to be 3 mg ml(-1). The mode of degradation of DNA nucleotides depended on the type of nucleotide and its concentration, but nucleic bases or their derivatives were always formed at the end of the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kruszewska
- National Institute of Public Health, 30/34 Chelmska, 00725, Warszawa, Poland.
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Guan SM, Nagata H, Maeda K, Kuboniwa M, Minamino N, Shizukuishi S. Purification and characterization of a hemoglobin-binding outer membrane protein ofPrevotella intermedia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Guan S, Nagata H, Kuboniwa M, Ikawa Y, Maeda K, Shizukuishi S. Characterization of binding and utilization of hemoglobin by Prevotella nigrescens. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 17:157-62. [PMID: 12030967 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2002.170304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Prevotella nigrescens to utilize and bind to hemoglobin was investigated. Growth studies showed that P. nigrescens was able to utilize hemoglobin efficiently as an iron source. Binding of P. nigrescens to hemoglobin was demonstrated by dot blot assay. Heat and trypsin treatments of the bacteria led to a decrease in activity. Globin gave nearly complete inhibition of activity. Additionally, lactoferrin partially inhibited activity. In contrast, transferrin, cytochrome C and catalase exerted little or no inhibitory effect. Although the sugars tested did not affect activity, several of the amino acids tested, including arginine, cysteine, histidine and lysine, inhibited activity. In a solid phase assay, 41-, 56- and 59-kDa proteins of P. nigrescens reacted with hemoglobin. These results suggest that P. nigrescens utilizes hemoglobin for growth and 41-, 56- and 59-kDa proteins may be involved in hemoglobin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Pearce MA, Devine DA, Dixon RA, van Steenbergen TJ. Genetic heterogeneity in Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella corporis and related species isolated from oral and nonoral sites. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 15:89-95. [PMID: 11155171 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia (43 isolates), Prevotella nigrescens (55) and Prevotella corporis (8) from oral and nonoral sites were distinguished by species-specific DNA fragments, after hybridization of DNA fragments with ribosomal RNA (ribotyping). Eight strains previously identified as P. intermedia did not have these specific fragments. P. nigrescens, P. intermedia and P. corporis formed separate clusters in dendrograms constructed using clustering with an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages of similarity values derived from ribotype patterns, with 10 subclusters in P. intermedia isolates and 26 in P. nigrescens. Nine groups of P. intermedia isolates and 6 of P. nigrescens shared identical patterns. Specific ribotypes or species were not associated with particular diseases when all isolates were analyzed. However, results from organisms isolated by one laboratory using consistent clinical reporting indicated that P. intermedia was associated with more severe forms of periodontitis and P. nigrescens with mild to moderate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
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Takahashi N, Yamada T. Pathways for amino acid metabolism by Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 15:96-102. [PMID: 11155172 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathways for amino acid metabolism by Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were investigated. Prevotella strains grew anaerobically in tryptone-based medium and their growth increased upon the addition of aspartate to the medium. Washed cells of tryptone-grown strains metabolized aspartate to succinate, acetate, fumarate, malate, formate and ammonia, while from tryptone they produced isobutyrate and isovalerate in addition to the end products from aspartate. Cell extracts obtained from the tryptone-grown cells had aspartate ammonia-lyase for the conversion of aspartate to fumarate. Methylviologen-dependent fumarate reductase was found to reduce fumarate to succinate. A series of enzymatic activities, including fumarase, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate decarboxylase, methylviologen-dependent pyruvate oxidoreductase, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, was detected for the oxidative conversion of fumarate to acetate. Pyruvate formate-lyase and NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase were also found for the production and consumption of formate, respectively. Methylviologen: NAD(P) oxidoreductase was found to be responsible for linkage between these reductive and oxidative pathways. Furthermore, the cell extracts had branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase and methylviologen-dependent branched-chain 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase, concomitantly with NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. Valine and leucine could be converted to isobutyryl CoA and isovaleryl CoA, respectively, through the sequential catalyses of these enzymes, and consequently to isobutyrate and isovalerate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takahashi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Stubbs S, Hobot JA, Waddington RJ, Embery G, Lewis MA. Effect of environmental haemin upon the physiology and biochemistry of Prevotella intermedia R78. Lett Appl Microbiol 1999; 29:31-6. [PMID: 10432629 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of environmental haemin on the physiology and biochemistry of Prevotella intermedia R78 grown in batch culture was assessed. Extent and rate of growth increased as the environmental haemin concentration was raised. In addition, cell morphology was predominantly cocco-bacillary when cultured in high haemin environments, while bacillary forms were prevalent in low haemin conditions (< 2.5 mumol l-1). Cells harvested from low haemin environments produced greater numbers of extracellular vesicles and greater amounts of peptidolytic activity, haemagglutinating potential and haemin binding activity when compared with cells harvested from high haemin conditions. The results of the present study indicate that aspects of the biochemistry and physiology of P. intermedia are influenced by changes in environmental haemin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stubbs
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, Public Health Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Beem JE, Nesbitt WE, Leung KP. Cloning of Prevotella intermedia loci demonstrating multiple hemolytic domains. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1999; 14:143-52. [PMID: 10495708 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.1999.140302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A gene bank was created from Prevotella intermedia strain 27 chromosomal DNA, and a clone was isolated that conferred the expression of two separate modes of hemolytic activity in recombinant Escherichia coli. The original recombinant hemolytic strain (EB34) contained plasmid, pEB34, with a 5.6-kb insert from Sau 3 AI-digested P. intermedia strain 27 chromosomal DNA cloned into the Bam HI site of pUC18. EB34 and deletion subclones were tested for expression of hemolytic activity in a standard tube assay, measuring lysis of erythrocytes spectrophotometrically as a function of hemoglobin release. Cell suspensions of EB34 demonstrated a dose-dependent hemolytic activity, inhibitable by proteases, and heat treatment but not dependent on calcium ions, and not inhibitable by osmoprotectants. Cell-free lysates also demonstrated a heat inhibitable, dose dependent hemolytic activity. Sub-cloning experiments localized the hemolytic region of the insert to a 3.9-kb fragment under direction of the lac promoter. Sequence analysis of the entire insert revealed the presence of multiple open reading frames (1 to 3) in this region which correlated to different forms of hemolytic expression, such that subclones containing all open reading frames 1 to 3 demonstrated strong hemolytic phenotype on blood plates and in the tube assay. Subclones containing only ORF1 demonstrated hemolysis on plates, but not in the tube assay. Subclones containing only open reading frames 2 and 3, but not ORF1 demonstrated hemolysis in the tube assay but not on plates. Homology searches of DNA and protein databases have not revealed significant homologies with reported hemolysins or proteins in any of the open reading frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Beem
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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16
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Maeda N, Okamoto M, Kondo K, Ishikawa H, Osada R, Tsurumoto A, Fujita H. Incidence of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in periodontal health and disease. Microbiol Immunol 1998; 42:583-9. [PMID: 9802558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of black-pigmented rods (BPRs), especially Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, in periodontal health and disease were examined. Furthermore, the degradative enzyme activities of P. intermedia were compared among the strains from periodontal health and disease. Microbiological specimens were collected from subgingival crevice or periodontal pocket by paper point. The BPRs were found in 71.1% of periodontally healthy subjects (n=45), and in 47.1% of healthy sites (n=34) and 87.8% of active sites (n=41) among periodontally diseased patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected only in active sites of periodontally diseased patients (17.8% of 180 strains). P. intermedia was the predominant BPR in both healthy and active sites (37.3 and 41.7%, respectively) of the patients. However, P. nigrescens was the predominant BPR (70.5% of 173 strains) in periodontally healthy subjects. The enzyme activities of esterase, esterase-lipase, acid-phosphatase and alpha-fucosidase of P. intermedia strains isolated from active sites in patients were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of healthy subjects. The results suggest that P. intermedia might increase the activity of degradative enzymes under a certain condition and support the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Bacteriology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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