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Favaretto M, Shaw D, De Clercq E, Joda T, Elger BS. Big Data and Digitalization in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of the Ethical Issues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2495. [PMID: 32268509 PMCID: PMC7177351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Big Data and Internet and Communication Technologies (ICT) are being increasingly implemented in the healthcare sector. Similarly, research in the field of dental medicine is exploring the potential beneficial uses of digital data both for dental practice and in research. As digitalization is raising numerous novel and unpredictable ethical challenges in the biomedical context, our purpose in this study is to map the debate on the currently discussed ethical issues in digital dentistry through a systematic review of the literature. Four databases (Web of Science, Pub Med, Scopus, and Cinahl) were systematically searched. The study results highlight how most of the issues discussed by the retrieved literature are in line with the ethical challenges that digital technologies are introducing in healthcare such as privacy, anonymity, security, and informed consent. In addition, image forgery aimed at scientific misconduct and insurance fraud was frequently reported, together with issues of online professionalism and commercial interests sought through digital means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Favaretto
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.D.C.); (B.S.E.)
| | - David Shaw
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.D.C.); (B.S.E.)
| | - Eva De Clercq
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.D.C.); (B.S.E.)
| | - Tim Joda
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Bernice Simone Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.D.C.); (B.S.E.)
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2
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Bonato LL, Quinelato V, de Felipe Cordeiro PC, Vieira AR, Granjeiro JM, Tesch R, Casado PL. Polymorphisms in COMT, ADRB2 and HTR1A genes are associated with temporomandibular disorders in individuals with other arthralgias. Cranio 2019; 39:351-361. [PMID: 31264537 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1632406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association between polymorphisms in genes and comorbid presence of arthralgias and TMD.Methods: This is a case-control study. The groups formed were individuals with chronic arthralgia and 1) myofascial pain (n = 42); 2) articular (n = 16); 3) multiple diagnoses (n = 69); 4) with TMD and without some other arthralgia (n = 16); 5) without TMD but with pain in other joints (n = 82); and 6) a control group (n = 72). SNPs in COMT, ADRB2, and HTR1A genes were investigated.Results: The CT genotype for the COMT (rs9332377) gene was associated with the absence of myofascial pain (p = .05). In the ADRB2 (rs1042713) gene, the AA genotype was associated with the absence of myofascial pain (p = .03).Discussion: This study supports the hypothesis that alterations in the COMT, ADRB2, and HTR1A genes influence the presence of chronic pain and TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandre Rezende Vieira
- Departments of Oral Biology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Cell Therapy Center, Clinical Research Unit and Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tesch
- Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain Clinic, School of Medicine of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ladeira Casado
- Department of Periodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the number of articles in the area of personalized medicine specific to dentistry. Materials and Methods: Electronic search using three databases was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus search. Results: Results suggest that there is a definite need for more awareness and research pertaining to this specific area. Conclusion: With this background, the authors have written a comprehensive review on applications of personalized medicine in various branches of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchala Sesha Reddy
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Shishir Ram Shetty
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Venkataramana Vannala
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
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4
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Guven Y. Scientific basis of dentistry. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2017; 51:64-71. [PMID: 29114433 PMCID: PMC5624148 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.04646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological and scientific innovations have increased exponentially over the past years in the dentistry profession. In this article, these developments are
evaluated both in terms of clinical practice and their place in the educational program. The effect of the biologic and digital revolutions on dental education and
daily clinical practice are also reviewed. Biomimetics, personalized dental medicine regenerative dentistry, nanotechnology, high-end simulations providing virtual
reality, genomic information, and stem cell studies will gain more importance in the coming years, moving dentistry to a different dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Guven
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University Turkey
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5
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Polverini PJ, Krebsbach PH. Research and Discovery Science and the Future of Dental Education and Practice. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:eS97-eS107. [PMID: 28864810 DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental graduates of 2040 will face new and complex challenges. If they are to meet these challenges, dental schools must develop a research and discovery mission that will equip graduates with the new knowledge required to function in a modern health care environment. The dental practitioner of 2040 will place greater emphasis on risk assessment, disease prevention, and health maintenance; and the emerging discipline of precision medicine and systems biology will revolutionize disease diagnosis and reveal new targeted therapies. The dental graduate of 2040 will be expected to function effectively in a collaborative, learning health care system and to understand the impact of health care policy on local, national, and global communities. Emerging scientific fields such as big data analytics, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and advanced biomimetics will impact dental practice. Despite all the warning signs indicating how the changing scientific and heath care landscape will dramatically alter dental education and dental practice, dental schools have yet to reconsider their research and educational priorities and clinical practice objectives. Until dental schools and the practicing community come to grips with these challenges, this persistent attitude of complacency will likely be at the dental profession's peril. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Polverini
- Dr. Polverini is Jonathan Taft Distinguished University Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School; and Dr. Krebsbach is Dean and Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry.
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Dr. Polverini is Jonathan Taft Distinguished University Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School; and Dr. Krebsbach is Dean and Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry
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6
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Polverini PJ. Oral Health Research and Scholarship in 2040: Executive Summary. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:1137-1143. [PMID: 28864797 DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This executive summary for Section 6 of the "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century" project provides an overview of five background articles that address the role of research and scholarship in dental education in the year 2040. Beginning with a historical account of research and discovery science in dentistry's evolution as a profession, the article then reviews the role of early thought leaders and organized dentistry in establishing research as a cornerstone of dental education and dental practice. The dental research workforce faces an uncertain future fueled by a volatile funding environment and inadequate mentoring and training of research faculty. Dental schools must forge stronger academic and scientific ties to their university and academic health centers and will be challenged to develop sustainable research and patient care collaborations with other health professions. The changing health care environment will create new opportunities for oral health care providers to expand their scope of practice and focus on prevention and screening for non-communicable chronic diseases. Dental practitioners in the future are likely to place greater emphasis on managing the overall health of their patients while promoting closer integration with other health professionals. All dental schools must develop a sustainable research mission if they hope to graduate dentists who function effectively in a collaborative health care environment. The changing scientific and health care landscape will dramatically alter dental education and dental practice. Dental schools need to reconsider their research and educational priorities and clinical practice objectives. Until dental schools and the practicing community come to grips with these challenges, a persistent attitude of complacency will likely be at the dental profession's peril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Polverini
- Dr. Polverini is Jonathan Taft Distinguished University Professor of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, and Professor of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan.
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7
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Iovino RP. Revising the American Dental Association Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct: Adding "Respect for Human Dignity" as the sixth principle of dental ethics to accommodate advances in genetic science. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 147:918-922. [PMID: 27886669 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Goh WP, Tao X, Zhang J, Yong J. Decision support systems for adoption in dental clinics: A survey. Knowl Based Syst 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Carlson DS. Evolving concepts of heredity and genetics in orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016; 148:922-38. [PMID: 26672698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of genetics emerged from the study of heredity early in the 20th century. Since that time, genetics has progressed through a series of defined eras based on a number of major conceptual and technical advances. Orthodontics also progressed through a series of conceptual stages over the past 100 years based in part on the ongoing and often circular debate about the relative importance of heredity (nature) and the local environment (nurture) in the etiology and treatment of malocclusion and dentofacial deformities. During the past 20 years, significant advancements in understanding the genomic basis of craniofacial development and the gene variants associated with dentofacial deformities have resulted in a convergence of the principles and concepts in genetics and in orthodontics that will lead to significant advancement of orthodontic treatments. Fundamental concepts from genetics and applied translational research in orthodontics provide a foundation for a new emphasis on precision orthodontics, which will establish a modern genomic basis for major improvements in the treatment of malocclusion and dentofacial deformities as well as many other areas of concern to orthodontists through the assessment of gene variants on a patient-by-patient basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Carlson
- Regents Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, Tex.
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10
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Imangaliyev S, Keijser B, Crielaard W, Tsivtsivadze E. Personalized microbial network inference via co-regularized spectral clustering. Methods 2015; 83:28-35. [PMID: 25842007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We use Human Microbiome Project (HMP) cohort (Peterson et al., 2009) to infer personalized oral microbial networks of healthy individuals. To determine clustering of individuals with similar microbial profiles, co-regularized spectral clustering algorithm is applied to the dataset. For each cluster we discovered, we compute co-occurrence relationships among the microbial species that determine microbial network per cluster of individuals. The results of our study suggest that there are several differences in microbial interactions on personalized network level in healthy oral samples acquired from various niches. Based on the results of co-regularized spectral clustering we discover two groups of individuals with different topology of their microbial interaction network. The results of microbial network inference suggest that niche-wise interactions are different in these two groups. Our study shows that healthy individuals have different microbial clusters according to their oral microbiota. Such personalized microbial networks open a better understanding of the microbial ecology of healthy oral cavities and new possibilities for future targeted medication. The scripts written in scientific Python and in Matlab, which were used for network visualization, are provided for download on the website http://learning-machines.com/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Imangaliyev
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Zeist, The Netherlands; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Keijser
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Tsivtsivadze
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Zeist, The Netherlands
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11
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Emerging horizons of salivary diagnostics for periodontal disease. Br Dent J 2014; 217:567-73. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Bauer DC, Gaff C, Dinger ME, Caramins M, Buske FA, Fenech M, Hansen D, Cobiac L. Genomics and personalised whole-of-life healthcare. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:479-86. [PMID: 24801560 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing has the potential for stratified cancer treatment and improved diagnostics for rare disorders. However, sequencing needs to be utilised in risk stratification on a population scale to deepen the impact on the health system by addressing common diseases, where individual genomic variants have variable penetrance and minor impact. As the accuracy of genomic risk predictors is bounded by heritability, environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and microbiome have to be considered. Large-scale, longitudinal research programmes need to study the intrinsic properties between both genetics and environment to unravel their risk contribution. During this discovery process, frameworks need to be established to counteract unrealistic expectations. Sufficient scientific evidence is needed to interpret sources of uncertainty and inform decision making for clinical management and personal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis C Bauer
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship and CSIRO Computational Informatics, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia.
| | - Clara Gaff
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Melody Caramins
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Laverty/SDS Pathology, 60 Waterloo Road, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Fabian A Buske
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food, and Health Sciences, Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David Hansen
- Australian E-Health Research Centre and CSIRO Computational Informatics, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Lynne Cobiac
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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13
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Jessri M, Farah CS. Next generation sequencing and its application in deciphering head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:247-53. [PMID: 24440145 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are a group of heterogeneous tumours mainly attributable to tobacco use, alcohol consumption and infection with human papillomavirus. Based on the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis, patients are managed by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these. Early diagnosis usually improves patient prognosis. Since their first commercial application in 2005, next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are rapidly changing the face of basic science laboratories; however prior to progressing to clinical applications, clinicians should carefully examine currently available data and guidelines for technical and ethical matters concerning NGS. In this review, we compare various commercially available NGS platforms, with special consideration given to their clinical application in the management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jessri
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia
| | - Camile S Farah
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia.
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14
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Garcia I, Kuska R, Somerman MJ. Expanding the foundation for personalized medicine: implications and challenges for dentistry. J Dent Res 2013; 92:3S-10S. [PMID: 23690361 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513487209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine aims to individualize care based on a person's unique genetic, environmental, and clinical profile. Dentists and physicians have long recognized variations between and among patients, and have customized care based on each individual's health history, environment, and behavior. However, the sequencing of the human genome in 2003 and breakthroughs in regenerative medicine, imaging, and computer science redefined "personalized medicine" as clinical care that takes advantage of new molecular tools to facilitate highly precise health care based on an individual's unique genomic and molecular characteristics. Major investments in science bring a new urgency toward realizing the promise of personalized medicine; yet, many challenges stand in the way. In this article, we present an overview of the opportunities and challenges that influence the oral health community's full participation in personalized medicine. We highlight selected research advances that are solidifying the foundation of personalized oral health care, elaborate on their impact on dentistry, and explore obstacles toward their adoption into practice. It is our view that now is the time for oral health professionals, educators, students, researchers, and patients to engage fully in preparations for the arrival of personalized medicine as a means to provide quality, customized, and effective oral health care for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Garcia
- National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2290, Bethesda, MD 20892-2290, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND and Overview The use of salivary diagnostics continues to develop and advance the field of risk determination for periodontal diseases. Researchers are investigating genetic, microbial and protein biomarkers with the objective of translating findings to such aspects of clinical care as broad patient screening, monitoring and treatment planning. METHODS /st> In this review, the author briefly explores currently available salivary diagnostics used to identify bacteria prevalent in periodontal disease, and focuses on the future development and use of a variety of rapid disease detection platforms, such as lab-on-a-chip, as a point-of-care device for identification of patients' risk. CONCLUSIONS and CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS /st> Several diagnostic tests are commercially available, and point-of-care tests are under development. However, challenges remain regarding the introduction of these technologies to clinical practice and adoption by dental practitioners for promotion of personalized oral health care.
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Abstract
Oral Diseases (2012) Underlying molecular genetic mechanisms of diseases can be deciphered with unbiased strategies using recently developed technologies enabling genome-wide scale investigations. These technologies have been applied in scanning for genetic variations, gene expression profiles, and epigenetic changes for oral and craniofacial diseases. However, these approaches as applied to oral and craniofacial conditions are in the initial stages, and challenges remain to be overcome, including analysis of high throughput data and their interpretation. Here, we review methodology and studies using genome-wide approaches in oral and craniofacial diseases and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Personalized nanomedicine advancements for stem cell tracking. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1488-507. [PMID: 22820528 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments in biomedicine have facilitated the generation of data on the anatomical, physiological and molecular level for individual patients and thus introduces opportunity for therapy to be personalized in an unprecedented fashion. Generation of patient-specific stem cells exemplifies the efforts toward this new approach. Cell-based therapy is a highly promising treatment paradigm; however, due to the lack of consistent and unbiased data about the fate of stem cells in vivo, interpretation of therapeutic effects remains challenging hampering the progress in this field. The advent of nanotechnology with a wide palette of inorganic and organic nanostructures has expanded the arsenal of methods for tracking transplanted stem cells. The diversity of nanomaterials has revolutionized personalized nanomedicine and enables individualized tailoring of stem cell labeling materials for the specific needs of each patient. The successful implementation of stem cell tracking will likely be a significant driving force that will contribute to the further development of nanotheranostics. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of cell tracking using currently available nanoparticles.
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Glurich I, Acharya A, Shukla SK, Nycz GR, Brilliant MH. The oral-systemic personalized medicine model at Marshfield Clinic. Oral Dis 2012; 19:1-17. [PMID: 22458294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease and diabetes, two diseases that have achieved epidemic status, share a bidirectional relationship driven by micro-inflammatory processes. The present review frames the current understanding of the pathological processes that appear to link these diseases and advances the hypothesis that reversal of the epidemic is possible through application of interdisciplinary intervention and advancement of oral-systemic personalized medicine. An overview of how Marshfield Clinic's unique clinical, informatics and bio-repository resources and infrastructures are being aligned to advance oral-systemic personalized medicine is presented as an interventional model with the potential to reverse the epidemic trends seen for these two chronic diseases over the past several decades. The overall vision is to engineer a transformational shift in paradigm from 'personalized medicine' to 'personalized health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Glurich
- Office of Scientific Writing and Publication, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
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