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da Silva Junior FC, Araujo RML, Sarmento ASC, de Carvalho MM, Fernandes HF, Yoshioka FKN, Pinto GR, Motta FJN, Canalle R. The association of A-1438G and T102C polymorphisms in HTR2A and 120 bp duplication in DRD4 with alcoholic dependence in a northeastern Brazilian male population. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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King LB, Walum H, Inoue K, Eyrich NW, Young LJ. Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Predicts Brain Region-Specific Expression and Social Attachment. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:160-169. [PMID: 26893121 PMCID: PMC4909578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OXT) modulates several aspects of social behavior. Intranasal OXT is a leading candidate for treating social deficits in patients with autism spectrum disorder, and common genetic variants in the human OXTR gene are associated with emotion recognition, relationship quality, and autism spectrum disorder. Animal models have revealed that individual differences in Oxtr expression in the brain drive social behavior variation. Our understanding of how genetic variation contributes to brain OXTR expression is very limited. METHODS We investigated Oxtr expression in monogamous prairie voles, which have a well-characterized OXT system. We quantified brain region-specific levels of Oxtr messenger RNA and oxytocin receptor protein with established neuroanatomic methods. We used pyrosequencing to investigate allelic imbalance of Oxtr mRNA, a molecular signature of polymorphic genetic regulatory elements. We performed next-generation sequencing to discover variants in and near the Oxtr gene. We investigated social attachment using the partner preference test. RESULTS Our allelic imbalance data demonstrate that genetic variants contribute to individual differences in Oxtr expression, but only in particular brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, where oxytocin receptor signaling facilitates social attachment. Next-generation sequencing identified one polymorphism in the Oxtr intron, near a putative cis-regulatory element, explaining 74% of the variance in striatal Oxtr expression specifically. Males homozygous for the high expressing allele display enhanced social attachment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings provide convincing evidence for robust genetic influence on Oxtr expression and provide novel insights into how noncoding polymorphisms in OXTR might influence individual differences in human social cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Larry J. Young
- Address Correspondence to: Larry J. Young, 954
Gatewood Rd., Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA 30329, USA, Phone: 404 727-8272, Fax: 404 727-8070,
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Sánchez-Mora C, Richarte V, Garcia-Martínez I, Pagerols M, Corrales M, Bosch R, Vidal R, Viladevall L, Casas M, Cormand B, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M. Dopamine receptor DRD4 gene and stressful life events in persistent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:480-491. [PMID: 26174753 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We performed a case-control association study in persistent ADHD considering eight candidate genes (DRD4, DAT1/SLC6A3, COMT, ADRA2A, CES1, CYP2D6, LPHN3, and OPRM1) and found additional evidence for the involvement of the Dup 120bp and VNTR 48bp functional variants within the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene in the etiology of adult ADHD. We subsequently investigated the interaction of stressful life events with these two DRD4 polymorphisms, and the impact of such events on the severity of ADHD symptomatology. The gene-by-environment analysis revealed an independent effect of stressful experiences on the severity of persistent ADHD, and a gene-by-environment interaction on the inattentive dimension of the disorder, where non carriers of the Dup 120bp (L) - VNTR 48bp (7R) haplotype were more sensitive to environmental adversity than carriers. These results are in agreement with previous works reporting a relationship between DRD4 and the effect of adverse experiences, which may explain the discordant findings in previous genetic studies and strengthen the importance of gene-by-environment interactions on the severity of ADHD. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Garcia-Martínez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Casas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Institute Vall d'Hebron Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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Warburton A, Breen G, Rujescu D, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. Characterization of a REST-Regulated Internal Promoter in the Schizophrenia Genome-Wide Associated Gene MIR137. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:698-707. [PMID: 25154622 PMCID: PMC4393679 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
MIR137 has been identified as a candidate gene for schizophrenia from genome-wide association studies via association with an intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1625579. The location of the SNP suggests one mechanism in which transcriptional or posttranscriptional regulation of miR-137 expression could underlie schizophrenia. We identified and validated a novel promoter of the MIR137 gene adjacent to miR-137 itself which can direct the expression of distinct mRNA isoforms encoding miR-137. Analysis of both endogenous gene expression and reporter gene assays determined that this internal promoter is regulated by repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), which has previously been associated with pathways linked to schizophrenia. Distinct isoforms of REST mediate differential expression at this locus, suggesting the relative levels of these isoforms are important for miR-137 expression profiles. The internal promoter contains a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) domain adjacent to the pre-miR-137 sequence. The reporter gene activity directed by this promoter was modified by the genotype of the VNTR. Differential expression was also observed in response to cocaine, which is known to regulate the REST pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data support the hypothesis that a "gene × environment" interaction could modify the level of miR-137 expression via this internal promoter and that the genotype of the VNTR could modulate transcriptional responses. We demonstrate that this promoter region is not in disequilibrium with rs1625579 and therefore would supply a distinct pathway to potentially alter miR-137 levels in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Warburton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - Gerome Breen
- King’s College London, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; ,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London SE5 8DF, UK;
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Vivien J. Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; ,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; tel: +44-151-794-5498, fax: +44-151-794-5517, e-mail:
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Contribution of common and rare variants of the PTCHD1 gene to autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1694-701. [PMID: 25782667 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings revealed rare copy number variants and missense changes in the X-linked gene PTCHD1 in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Here, we aim to explore the contribution of common PTCHD1 variants in ASD and gain additional evidence for the role of rare variants of this gene in ASD and ID. A two-stage case-control association study investigated 28 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 994 ASD cases and 1035 controls from four European populations. Mutation screening was performed in 673 individuals who included 240 ASD cases, 183 ID patients and 250 controls. The case-control association study showed a significant association with rs7052177 (P=6.13E-4) in the ASD discovery sample that was replicated in an independent sample (P=0.03). A Mantel-Haenszel meta-analysis for rs7052177T considering the four European populations showed an odds ratio of 0.58 (P=7E-05). This SNP is predicted to be located in a transcription factor binding site. No rare missense PTCHD1 variants were found in our ASD cohort and only one was identified in the ID sample. A duplication (27 bp) in the promoter region, absent from 590 controls, was found in three ASD patients (Fisher exact test, P=0.024). A gene reporter assay showed a significant decrease in the transcriptional activity (26%) driven by this variant. Moreover, we found that the longest allele of a trinucleotide repeat located upstream from PTCHD1 was associated with ASD (P=0.003, permP=0.0186). Our results further support the involvement of PTCHD1 in ASD, suggesting that both common and rare variants contribute to the disorder.
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Krupitsky ЕМ, Kibitov АО, Blokhina ЕА, Verbitskaya ЕV, Brodyansky VМ, Alekseeva NP, Bushara NМ, Yaroslavtseva ТS, Palatkin VY, Masalov DV, Burakov АМ, Romanova ТN, Sulimov GY, Kosten Т, Nielsen D, Zvartau EE, Woody D. [Stabilization of remission in patients with opioid dependence with naltrexone implant: a pharmacogenetic approach]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:14-23. [PMID: 26288297 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151154214-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of opioid receptor genes and dopamine system genes polymorphisms on treatment outcomes of opioid dependence with implantable and oral naltrexone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors carried out a randomized double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Three hundred and six patients with opioid dependence were randomized into 3 equal treatment groups. The first group received implantation of 1000 mg naltrexone every 2 months during 6 months + oral naltrexone placebo; the second group - placebo implant every 2 months + oral naltrexone (50mg/day) and the third group - placebo implant + oral naltrexone placebo. It was genotyped polymorphisms in the following genes: mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1), kappa-opioid receptor (OPRK1), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine receptors types 2 (DRD2) and 4 (DRD4), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter (DAT1). RESULTS Regardless of treatment several polymorphisms of these genes were associated with high risk of relapse: an allele L (2R) DRD4 120bp (p=0.05; OR (95% CI)=3.3(1.1-10.1)); an allele С DRD2 NcoI (р=0,051; OR (95% CI)=2,86 (1,09-7,52)); the genotype 9.9 DAT VNTR 40bp (р=0,04; OR (95% CI)=1,4 (1,3-1,5)); on the contrary, (СС+СТ)-(ТТ)) variants of OPRK1-DRD2Ncol increased a chance to complete treatment program (р=0,004; OR (95% CI)=7.4 (1.8-30.4)), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (р=0,016). The probability of completing treatment program by the carriers of these variants was higher in the oral naltrexone group (p=0.016), lower in the double placebo group (p=0.015), but did not influence on treatment outcomes in the naltrexone-implant group. CONCLUSION Naltrexone-implant is a highly effective medication for treatment of opioid dependence and its effectiveness exceeds that of oral naltrexone and placebo. The study has shown the joint influence of opioid receptor genes and genes of dopaminergic system on treatment outcomes of opioid dependence. Genetic analysis is useful for determining potential responders to naltrexone treatment of opioid dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Е М Krupitsky
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg; Bekhterev St. Petersburg Research Psychoneurological Institute, St. Petersburg
| | - А О Kibitov
- National Research Center of Narcology, Moscow
| | - Е А Blokhina
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - Е V Verbitskaya
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | | | - N P Alekseeva
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - N М Bushara
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - Т S Yaroslavtseva
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - V Ya Palatkin
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - D V Masalov
- Leningrad Oblast Narcology Dispensary, Leningrad Oblast
| | - А М Burakov
- Leningrad Oblast Narcology Dispensary, Leningrad Oblast
| | - Т N Romanova
- Leningrad Oblast Narcology Dispensary, Leningrad Oblast
| | | | - Т Kosten
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - D Nielsen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - E E Zvartau
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - D Woody
- Pennsylvanian University, USA
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Savage AL, Wilm TP, Khursheed K, Shatunov A, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Shaw CE, Smith B, Breen G, Al-Chalabi A, Moss D, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. An evaluation of a SVA retrotransposon in the FUS promoter as a transcriptional regulator and its association to ALS. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90833. [PMID: 24608899 PMCID: PMC3946630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations of FUS have been linked to many diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. A primate specific and polymorphic retrotransposon of the SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) family is present upstream of the FUS gene. Here we have demonstrated that this retrotransposon can act as a classical transcriptional regulatory domain in the context of a reporter gene construct both in vitro in the human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cell line and in vivo in a chick embryo model. We have also demonstrated that the SVA is composed of multiple distinct regulatory domains, one of which is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). The ability of the SVA and its component parts to direct reporter gene expression supported a hypothesis that this region could direct differential FUS expression in vivo. The SVA may therefore contribute to the modulation of FUS expression exhibited in and associated with neurological disorders including ALS where FUS regulation may be an important parameter in progression of the disease. As VNTRs are often clinical associates for disease progression we determined the extent of polymorphism within the SVA. In total 2 variants of the SVA were identified based within a central VNTR. Preliminary analysis addressed the association of these SVA variants within a small sporadic ALS cohort but did not reach statistical significance, although we did not include other parameters such as SNPs within the SVA or an environmental factor in this analysis. The latter may be particularly important as the transcriptional and epigenetic properties of the SVA are likely to be directed by the environment of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Savage
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P. Wilm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kejhal Khursheed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Neurosciences Division, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Smith
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research, Centre for Mental Health, South London, United Kingdom; and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Moss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vivien J. Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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