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Goenka S, Lee HM. Effect of Commercial Children's Mouthrinses and Toothpastes on the Viability of Neonatal Human Melanocytes: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:287. [PMID: 38132425 PMCID: PMC10742640 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of six commercial children's mouthrinses (designated as #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, and #6) and four commercial children's toothpastes (designated as #1, #2, #3, and #4) on primary human neonatal melanocytes that were used as a representative model for oral melanocytes. Mouthrinses diluted directly with culture medium (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000) were added to monolayers of melanocytes for 2 min, followed by 24 h recovery, after which MTS cytotoxicity assay was conducted. The extracts of each toothpaste were prepared (50% w/v), diluted in culture medium (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:1000), and added to cell monolayers for 2 min (standard brushing time), followed by an analysis of cell viability after 24 h. Results showed that all mouthrinses except mouthrinse #4 showed significantly greater loss of cell viability, ascribed to cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) that induced significant cytotoxicity to melanocytes (IC50 = 54.33 µM). In the case of toothpastes, the examination of cellular morphology showed that a 2 min exposure to all toothpaste extracts induced a concentration-dependent decline in cell viability, pronounced in toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) detergent. Further results suggested SLS to be the critical driver of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 317.73 µM). It is noteworthy that toothpaste #1 exhibited much lower levels of cytotoxicity compared to the other three toothpastes containing SLS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the melanocytotoxicity of children's mouthrinse (#4) and toothpaste (#1) is comparatively low. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of children's toothpastes and mouthrinses on neonatal primary human melanocytes. Future studies to investigate these findings in a realistic scenario replicating oral cavity conditions of the presence of microbiota, pellicle layer and saliva, and other cell types are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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Campos DES, Ferreira Muniz ÍDA, da Costa TKVL, Lima RBW, Neppelenbroek KH, Batista AUD. Effect of simulated brushing with dentifrices on surface roughness and the mass loss of acrylic resin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00437-7. [PMID: 37612194 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Brushing with dentifrice is the most commonly used denture cleaning method. However, it can result in the mass loss of acrylic resin and an increase in surface roughness, which favors the adherence of microorganisms. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies was to assess the influence of simulated brushing by using dentifrices and water on surface roughness and the mass loss of acrylic resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Embase, Open Gray, and Google Scholar databases in September 2022. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias analysis were performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI number 10.17605/OSF.IO/QD4GH). Meta-analysis was performed by using a random effects model (α=.05) in the RevMan (Cochrane Collaboration) software program. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 2 studies in the quantitative synthesis. The manual toothbrush was the most analyzed (n=9), followed by the electric toothbrush (n=5) and denture brush (n=1). Denture base resin (n=8) was evaluated more than acrylic resin for the abrasiveness of toothpaste (n=6). Most studies used conventional toothpaste (n=12), whereas 6 used specific dentifrices. The period of brushing corresponding to 1 year was the most predominant (n=6). Surface roughness (n=13) was evaluated more than mass loss (n=4). In general, dentifrices resulted in greater surface roughness than water. According to meta-analysis results, brushing by using dentifrices reported higher mass loss values than brushing with distilled water (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Brushing acrylic resins with dentifrice was more abrasive than brushing with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora E Silva Campos
- PhD student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Ulisses Dantas Batista
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.
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Toothpaste Abrasion and Abrasive Particle Content: Correlating High-Resolution Profilometric Analysis with Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA). Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11030079. [PMID: 36975576 PMCID: PMC10047781 DOI: 10.3390/dj11030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this in vitro study, the influence of the concentration of abrasive particles on the abrasivity of toothpastes was investigated using laser scan profilometry on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surfaces with the aim of providing an alternative method to developers for screening of new toothpaste formulations. PMMA plates were tested in a toothbrush simulator with distilled water and four model toothpastes with increasing content of hydrated silica (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 wt%). The viscosity of the model toothpaste formulations was kept constant by means of varying the content of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and water. The brushed surfaces were evaluated using laser scan profilometry at micrometer-scale resolutions, and the total volume of the introduced scratches was calculated along with the roughness parameters Ra, Rz and Rv. RDA measurements commissioned for the same toothpaste formulations were used to analyze the correlation between results obtained with the different methods. The same experimental procedure was applied to five commercially available toothpastes, and the results were evaluated against our model system. In addition, we characterize abrasive hydrated silica and discuss their effects on PMMA-sample surfaces. The results show that the abrasiveness of a model toothpaste increases with the weight percentage of hydrated silica. Increasing roughness parameter and volume loss values show good correlation with the likewise increasing corresponding RDA values for all model toothpastes, as well as commercial toothpastes without ingredients that can damage the used substrate PMMA. From our results, we deduce an abrasion classification that corresponds to the RDA classification established for marketed toothpastes.
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Valadas LAR, Sena NJC, Júnior FJG, Lotif MAL, Passos VF, Squassi A. Fluoride content in paediatric dentifrices commercialized in Brazil. Int J Dent Hyg 2023; 21:165-171. [PMID: 36300685 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the total, soluble and ionic fluoride (IF) concentration in toothpastes for children since there is a lack of information about this data. METHODS Fifteen different brands of toothpastes were purchased in different cities in Brazil. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and IF of two samples of each brand were determined (μg/g F). RESULTS The concentration of TF found in the fluoride toothpastes ranged from 324.4 to 1466.2 μg/g F, TSF ranged from 214.6 to 1424.1 μg/g F and IF ranged from 108.3 to 1320.1 μg/g F. TSF ranged between TF and IF. Most toothpastes were formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), and only one with monofluorophosphate (MFP). The concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were below the TF concentration. CONCLUSIONS The measured TF was less than that declared by the manufacturer in all the products. Most of the evaluated fluoride toothpastes commercialized in Brazil showed concentrations of TF below what was stated on the packaging, but with enough TSF to provide an anti-caries effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Audrey Rocha Valadas
- Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing College, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Aldo Squassi
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ludovichetti FS, Signoriello AG, Colussi N, Zuccon A, Stellini E, Mazzoleni S. Soft drinks and dental erosion during pediatric age: a clinical investigation. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2022; 71:262-269. [PMID: 36321620 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.22.04662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is an irreversible condition of loss of teeth hard tissues caused by intrinsic or extrinsic acids attack, without bacterial involvement. Common soft drinks have an acid pH and they release hydrogen ions and act as chelating agents, dissolving teeth mineral component. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the consumption of soft drinks in children and the degree of dental erosion. METHODS A questionnaire of 15 multiple choice questions was addressed to the parents of the 231 children needing different dental treatments. Responses were compared with the level of dental erosion of their child, that was clinically investigated using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. RESULTS About 26.8% of subjects fall into a high-risk category of dental erosion while 24.2% in a low risk level. Socioeconomic status and oral hygiene habits are able to affect the degree of dental erosion. Toothpastes containing fluoride have not proved effective in preventing this phenomenon and no significant correlations were found between the type of toothbrush used and its frequency of use. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to apply preventive measures such as information on the processes and causes of erosion, instruction about right home oral hygiene maneuvers and the possible use of specific products, to avoid the development of problems related to severe dental wear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna G Signoriello
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Noemi Colussi
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Zuccon
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Mazzoleni
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Abad-Coronel C, Palomeque A, Mena Córdova N, Aliaga P. Digital Volumetric Analysis of CAD/CAM Polymeric Materials after Tooth Brushing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173499. [PMID: 36080574 PMCID: PMC9459686 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the volumetric wear of four composite materials for CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) systems. The materials evaluated were: Cerasmart (CER), Shofu Block HC (SBH), Tetric CAD (TEC) and Brava (BRA). All the samples (n = 40) were subjected to simulated brushing (100,000 cycles). Wear was evaluated by superimposing pre-and post-brushing scans obtained with an intraoral optical scanner (CEREC Primescan; Dentsply Sirona, Germany), which were subsequently imported into the OraCheck software 5.0 (Dentsply Sirona, Germany). The data were analyzed by ANOVA test and Tukey’s HSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Cerasmart showed the least wear after brushing. All the tested materials exhibited mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Department of Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Palomeque
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Nancy Mena Córdova
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Aliaga
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Kamonkhantikul K, Homsiang W, Arksornnukit M. Brushing effect on the retentive force of retentive inserts in three denture attachments: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:487.e1-487.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sarembe S, Ufer C, Kiesow A, Limeback H, Meyer F, Fuhrmann I, Enax J. Influence of the Amount of Toothpaste on Cleaning Efficacy: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35785824 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to test the influence of the amount of toothpaste on enamel cleaning efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydrated silica-based test toothpaste (radioactive dentin abrasion: 60.19 ± 1.35) contained all ingredients of a regular fluoride toothpaste. The cleaning efficacy of four different toothpaste amounts (1.00 g, 0.50 g [both "full length of brush"], 0.25 g ["pea-size"], and 0.125 g ["grain of rice-size"]) diluted in 1.00 mL water were each tested for different brushing times (10, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 300 seconds) using a standardized staining model on human molars with a brushing machine. Photographic documentation and colorimetric measurements were conducted, respectively, initially, after staining and after each brushing step. Colorimetric measurements were used to calculate the stain removal (in %). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test and Levene's test for analysis of homogeneity of variance. The level of significance α was set at ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The cleaning efficacy decreased significantly when using smaller toothpaste amounts. Stain removal after 120 seconds brushing time was: 77.4 ± 5.0% (1.00 g toothpaste), 75.7 ± 3.4% (0.50 g toothpaste), 54.1 ± 6.7% (0.25 g toothpaste), and 48.2 ± 7.1% (0.125 g toothpaste), respectively. CONCLUSION In this in vitro study the cleaning efficacy of a medium-abrasive, hydrated silica-based toothpaste was analyzed. Note that 1.00 g toothpaste showed for all brushing times a significantly higher cleaning efficacy than 0.25 g toothpaste and 0.125 g toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sarembe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle, Germany
| | - Carolin Ufer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Kiesow
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle, Germany
| | - Hardy Limeback
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ines Fuhrmann
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
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Effects of storage and toothbrush simulation on color, gloss, and roughness of CAD/CAM, hand-cast, thermoforming, and 3D-printed splint materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4183-4194. [PMID: 35119536 PMCID: PMC9072518 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to investigate color, gloss, or roughness of splint materials after storage in liquids and toothbrush simulation. Materials and methods A total of 58 × 8 (n = 10 per material and group) specimens were fabricated (hand-cast, thermoforming, CAD/CAM-milled, 3D-printed materials); stored in air, water, coffee, red wine, and cleaning tablets; and investigated after fabrication, 24 h, two-, and four-week storage or toothbrushing. Color values (L*, a*, b*; ISO 11664–4:2008; CM–3500d, Konica-Minolta), gloss (ISO 2813:2014), and roughness values were determined (3D laser-scanning-microscope, KJ 3D, Keyence) before and after simulation or storage. Statistics: Levene-test, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, between-subjects effects, Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). Results Color, gloss, and roughness altered due to contact with staining solutions/toothbrush simulation. Highest impact on color, gloss, and roughness presented the material followed by storage time (ΔE material (η2 = 0.239/p < 0.001), storage time (η2 = 0.179/p < 0.001); gloss (η2 = 0.751/p < 0.001) (η2 = 0.401/p < 0.001); Ra/Rz (η2 ≥ 0.801/p < 0.001) (η2 ≥ 0.416/p < 0.001)). Correlations were found between Rz and Ra (Pearson 0.887/p ≤ 0.001) or Rz and ΔE (0.517/p ≤ 0.001) or Ra and ΔE (0.460/p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Storage and toothbrushing were accompanied by a change in color, gloss, and roughness. Almost all materials showed visible discoloration after 4 weeks of storage. Gloss values decreased as storage time increased. The initial roughness and polishability were better with harder materials. Clinical relevance. Milled and 3D printed splints show good color, gloss, and roughness resistance after 4-week storage or toothbrush application.
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Sangpanya A, Fuangtharnthip P, Nimmanon V, Pachimsawat P. Toothbrush-Dentifrice Abrasion of Dental Sealants: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:549-556. [PMID: 34856628 PMCID: PMC9507614 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants.
Materials and Methods
Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired
t
-test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe's test).
Results
Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)—a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant—exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite.
Conclusion
Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkhana Sangpanya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vanida Nimmanon
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praewpat Pachimsawat
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yılmaz C, Kanık Ö. Investigation of surface roughness values of various restorative materials after brushing with blue covarine containing whitening toothpaste by two different methods: AFM and profilometer. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:521-532. [PMID: 34528740 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of whitening toothpaste on the surface roughness of resin-based restorative materials by different measurement methods. Twenty four specimens from each of human enamel, a microhybrid composite and two nanohybrid composites discs (8.0 diameter × 4.0 mm thick) were divided into two groups (n = 12) according to toothbrushing solutıon and subjected to simulation toothbrushing (30,000 cycles) with both distilled water and whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine. Surface roughness was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the data obtained were subjected to analysis. Ra values of Tescera (TES) were significantly higher than Sonicfill 2 (SF2) when brushing both toothbrushing solutions for initial or 30,000 cycles. Roughness increased for SF2 and TES when brushed for 30,000 cycles and was higher than enamel and Herculite XRV Ultra (HXU). Human enamel was obtained lower surface roughness values brushed with toothpaste compared with distilled water. Evaluation of the surface roughness of control groups using the AFM revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups, but significant differences were found using a profilometer. The use of abrasive whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine and the number of brushing cycles affect the surface properties of human enamel and the restorative material, and also, the clinical success of the restoration. Toothbrushing for 30,000 cycles increased the surface roughness of all materials. The type of toothbrushing solution partially has affected surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Yılmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kanık
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Salem MN, Hafez S. Aesthetic Management of Erosive Tooth Wear in a Young Egyptian Swimmer: A Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:201-209. [PMID: 34079381 PMCID: PMC8164355 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s308045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth wear can have a multifactorial aetiology which requires thorough patient assessment and aesthetic management. Purpose This case report discusses the management of a young, Egyptian swimmer complaining of tooth sensitivity associated with erosive tooth wear. Anterior teeth were restored using the injection molding technique, also known as the injectable composite resin technique, to overcome the patient’s complaint and enhance the aesthetics of compromised anterior teeth. Patients and Methods Thorough patient assessment was followed by impression taking, a diagnostic wax-up and intraoral mock-up fabrication for aesthetic, functional and biological verification. Upon the patient’s agreement on the proposed treatment, an injection molding technique was carried out. Conclusion The tooth loss pattern associated with erosive tooth wear in competitive swimmers showed a very characteristic presentation. Detailed patient history is imperative for successful assessment of the risk factors contributing to the condition and treatment planning in such cases. The use of injection molding technique for restoration of anterior teeth is a simple, straightforward and aesthetically pleasing alternative for patients with erosive tooth wear requiring direct composite veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah N Salem
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Operative Division, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt.,Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Hafez
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Daud A, Adams AJ, Shawkat A, Gray G, Wilson NH, Lynch CD, Blum IR. Effects of toothbrushing on surface characteristics of microhybrid and nanofilled resin composites following different finishing and polishing procedures. J Dent 2020; 99:103376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Effect of mechanical and chemical cleaning on surface roughness of silicone soft relining material. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 64:373-379. [PMID: 31787576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the effect of mechanical and chemical cleaning on the surface roughness of silicone soft relining materials. METHODS We selected silicone soft relining materials with the highest (Soft) and lowest (Supersoft) Shore A hardness. In the abrasion test, specimens were cleaned 50,000 times using a kitchen sponge (Sponge), a soft (Soft brush) or hard (Hard brush) denture brush, or stored in water (No cleaning). In the immersion test, specimens were immersed in either water (Water), neutral peroxide denture cleanser (Neutral), alkaline peroxide denture cleanser (Alkaline), or hypochlorite denture cleanser (Hypochlorite) for 1440 h. Surface roughness of the arithmetic mean height of the surface (Sa) and maximum height (Sz) were measured before and after the tests. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS In the abrasion test, significant differences were observed for Sa and Sz with Soft relining materials, but not for No cleaning and Sponge. In the immersion test, significant differences were observed for Sa and Sz with Soft relining materials, but not between Water and Neutral or Water and Alkaline. Significant differences were observed with Supersoft, except between Water and Neutral or Water and Alkaline for Sa and between Water and Neutral for Sz. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical cleaning using a sponge did not increase the surface roughness of the material with a high Shore A hardness. Furthermore, neutral peroxide denture cleanser did not increase the roughness of materials with high and low Shore A hardness.
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Hara AT, Turssi CP. Baking soda as an abrasive in toothpastes: Mechanism of action and safety and effectiveness considerations. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 148:S27-S33. [PMID: 29056187 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toothpastes can be formulated with different abrasive systems, depending on their intended clinical application. This formulation potentially affects their effectiveness and safety and, therefore, requires proper understanding. In this article, the authors focused on abrasive aspects of toothpastes containing sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), which have gained considerable attention because of their low abrasivity and good compatibility, while providing clinical effectiveness (further detailed in the other articles of this special issue). The authors first appraised the role of toothpaste abrasivity on tooth wear, exploring some underlying processes and the existing methods to determine toothpaste abrasivity. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors reviewed the available data on the abrasivity of toothpastes containing baking soda and reported a summary of findings highlighting the clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the collected evidence, baking soda has an intrinsic low-abrasive nature because of its comparatively lower hardness in relation to enamel and dentin. Baking soda toothpastes also may contain other ingredients, which can increase their stain removal effectiveness and, consequently, abrasivity. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Even those formulations have abrasivity well within the safety limit regulatory agencies have established and, therefore, can be considered safe.
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Mozzaquatro LR, Rodrigues CS, Kaizer MR, Lago M, Mallmann A, Jacques LB. The Effect of Brushing and Aging on the Staining and Smoothness of Resin Composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 29:E44-E55. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina R. Kaizer
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | | | - André Mallmann
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Letícia B. Jacques
- School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria; Santa Maria Brazil
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17
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Kamonkhantikul K, Arksornnukit M, Lauvahutanon S, Takahashi H. Toothbrushing alters the surface roughness and gloss of composite resin CAD/CAM blocks. Dent Mater J 2016; 35:225-32. [PMID: 27041012 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the surface roughness and gloss of composite resin CAD/CAM blocks after toothbrushing. Five composite resin blocks (Block HC, Cerasmart, Gradia Block, KZR-CAD Hybrid Resin Block, and Lava Ultimate), one hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), one feldspar ceramic (Vitablocs Mark II), one PMMA block (Telio CAD), and one conventional composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT) were evaluated. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were determined for each group of materials (n=6) after silicon carbide paper (P4000) grinding, 10k, 20k, and 40k toothbrushing cycles. One-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant differences in the Ra and gloss of each material except for the Ra of GRA. After 40k toothbrushing cycles, the Ra of BLO and TEL showed significant increases, while CER, KZR, ULT, and Z350 showed significant decreases. GRA, ENA, and VIT maintained their Ra. All of the materials tested, except CER, demonstrated significant decreases in gloss after 40k toothbrushing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krid Kamonkhantikul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
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Bruno M, Taddeo F, Medeiros IS, Boaro LCC, Moreira MSNA, Marques MM, Calheiros FC. Relationship between toothpastes properties and patient-reported discomfort: crossover study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:485-94. [PMID: 26228904 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to correlate patient-reported reactions with in vitro analyses of the pH, abrasive quality, and cytotoxicity of four toothpastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-one patients received non-identified samples of toothpaste to be used for 6 days and answered a questionnaire about their sensations. In vitro analysis: the pH of toothpastes was measured with a pH meter. The abrasivity of toothpastes was evaluated against composite resin specimens (n = 10). A toothbrushing machine was used to simulate wear, which was indirectly measured by mass loss using a scale. Cell culture media conditioned with toothpaste were used to assess the cytotoxicity. Confluent cells were kept in contact with the conditioned media or control for 24 h. The cell viability was measured using the 3-(bromide, 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)-reduction assay. The obtained data on the pH, weight loss, and cell viability were compared by ANOVA/Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS With the exception of the bleaching effect paste, the Oral B® paste produced the highest frequencies of irritation reports, tooth sensitivity, taste discomfort, and texture discomfort in the clinical study; patients also reported rougher teeth, soft tissue peeling, dry mouth, thrush, tingling, and taste changes in response to this paste. The in vitro analysis demonstrated that Oral B® had the lowest pH, the highest abrasivity, and produced the lowest cell viability (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Results suggest that low pH toothpastes that are highly abrasive and cytotoxic may cause undesirable reactions in patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothpaste's properties should be well known for indication to patient therefore minimizing discomfort reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bruno
- Master Degree Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Chácara Flora, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Taddeo
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Stella N A Moreira
- Master Degree Program, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Chácara Flora, São Paulo, Brazil
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Heasman PA, Holliday R, Bryant A, Preshaw PM. Evidence for the occurrence of gingival recession and non-carious cervical lesions as a consequence of traumatic toothbrushing. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 Suppl 16:S237-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Heasman
- School of Dental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | | | - Andrew Bryant
- Institute of Health and Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Philip M. Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Kumar S, Kumar A, Debnath N, Kumar A, K. Badiyani B, Basak D, S. A. Ali M, B. Ismail M. Prevalence and risk factors for non-carious cervical lesions in children attending special needs schools in India. J Oral Sci 2015; 57:37-43. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry
| | - Arunoday Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hazaribagh College of Dental sciences
| | - Nitai Debnath
- Department of Prosthodontics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sarjug Dental College and Hospital
| | | | - Debashish Basak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hazaribagh College of Dental sciences
| | - Mohamed S. A. Ali
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences
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da Silva EM, de Sá Rodrigues CUF, Dias DA, da Silva S, Amaral CM, Guimarães JGA. Effect of Toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling on Surface Roughness and Topography of Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Microhybrid Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2014; 39:521-9. [DOI: 10.2341/13-199-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of toothbrushing-mouthrinse-cycling (TMC) on the surface roughness and topography of three resin composites with different filler particle systems (Z350, nanofilled [Nf]; Durafill, microfilled [Mf], and Empress Direct, microhybrid [Mh]). Twenty specimens of each resin composite (8.0 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) according to the mouthrinses: alcohol-free (Plax – P) and alcohol-containing (Listerine – L and Plax Fresh Mint – PM) and artificial saliva (control – AS). The specimens were submitted to TMC for nine weeks. A surface roughness tester and a three-dimensional profilometer were used to measure the roughness (Ra) and the topography (Sa) before and after TMC. The data were analyzed by multifactor analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05). In all media, Mh presented greater roughness than Mf (p<0.05). The highest value of roughness was presented by Mh immersed in L (p<0.05). The lowest values of roughness were presented by Mf (p<0.05). The three resin composites presented the highest roughness after immersion in mouthrinses containing alcohol (PM and L) (p<0.05). For the three resin composites, the increase in roughness was noticeable after the fifth week. Topographic analysis showed that the smoothest surfaces were present after immersion in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- EM da Silva
- Eduardo Moreira da Silva, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - DA Dias
- Danielle Ambrosio Dias, postgraduate student (Master's degree), Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - S da Silva
- Eduardo Moreira da Silva, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - CM Amaral
- Cristiane Mariote Amaral, DDS, MSc, PhD, adjunct professor, Restorative Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - JGA Guimarães
- José Guilherme Antunes Guimarães, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Restorative Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Churchley D, Schemehorn BR. In vitro assessment of a toothpaste range specifically designed for children. Int Dent J 2014; 63 Suppl 2:48-56. [PMID: 24283284 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of a range of low abrasivity experimental toothpastes designed for use by children at different stages of their development (typically ages 0-2 years, 3-5 years and 6+ years) to promote fluoride uptake and remineralisation of artificial caries lesions. METHODS pH cycling study: demineralised human permanent enamel specimens were subjected to a daily pH cycling regime consisting of four 1-minute treatments with toothpaste slurries, a 4-hour acid challenge and remineralisation in pooled whole human saliva. Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured at baseline, 10 days and 20 days, and the fluoride content determined at 20 days. Enamel Fluoride Uptake (EFU): these studies were based on Method #40 described in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) testing procedures. Abrasivity: relative enamel abrasivity (REA) and relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) were measured using the Hefferren abrasivity test. Bioavailable fluoride: the bioavailable fluoride was determined for all experimental toothpastes from slurries of one part toothpaste plus 10 parts deionised water. RESULTS Enamel remineralisation measured by changes in SMH correlated with enamel fluoride content. A statistically significant fluoride dose response was observed for all toothpastes tested across all age groups (P < 0.05). The fluoride content of specimens in the pH cycling model correlated with the EFU testing results. The enamel and dentine abrasivities were low and the level of bioavailable fluoride was high for all experimental toothpastes. CONCLUSION A series of low abrasivity experimental toothpastes were developed which were effective at promoting fluoride uptake and remineralisation of artificial caries lesions.
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KAMONKHANTIKUL K, ARKSORNNUKIT M, TAKAHASHI H, KANEHIRA M, FINGER WJ. Polishing and toothbrushing alters the surface roughness and gloss of composite resins. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:599-606. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kyoizumi H, Yamada J, Suzuki T, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Sasaki K. Effects of toothbrush hardness on in vitro wear and roughness of composite resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:1137-44. [PMID: 24858764 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Toothbrushes (DENT. EX Slimhead II 33, Lion Dental Products Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) marked as soft, medium and hard, were used to brush 10 beam-shaped specimens of each of three composites resins (Venus [VEN], Venus Diamond [VED] and Venus Pearl [VEP]; HeraeusKulzer) with standardized calcium carbonate slurry in a multistation testing machine (2N load, 60 Hz). After each of five cycles with 10k brushing strokes the wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens were determined. After completion of 50k strokes representative samples were inspected by SEM. Data were treated with ANOVA and regression analyses (p < 0.05). RESULTS Abrasion of the composite resins increased linearly with increasing number of brushing cycles (r² > 0.9). Highest wear was recorded for VEN, lowest for VED. Hard brushes produced significantly higher wear on VEN and VEP, whereas no difference in wear by toothbrush type was detected for VED. Significantly highest surface roughness was found on VED specimens (Ra > 1.5 µm), the lowest one on VEN (Ra < 0.3 µm). VEN specimens showed increased numbers of pinhole defects when brushed with hard toothbrushes, surfaces of VEP were uniformly abraded without level differences between the prepolymerized fillers and the glass filler-loaded matrix, VED showed large glass fillers protruding over the main filler-loaded matrix portion under each condition. CONCLUSION Abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins produced by toothbrushing with dentifrice depend mainly on the type of restorative resin. Hardness grades of toothbrushes have minor effects only on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. No relationship was found between abrasion and surface roughness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The grade of the toothbrush used has minor effect on wear, texture and roughness of the composite resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kyoizumi
- Assistant Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Esthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan, Phone: +81-3-3787-1151, e-mail:
| | - Junji Yamada
- Visiting Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Esthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Suzuki
- Associate Professor (Retired), Department of Conservative Dentistry Division of Esthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kanehira
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai, Japan
| | - Werner J Finger
- Professor, Guest Researcher, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Professor, Department of Oral Function and Morphology, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry and Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Zanatta FB, Antoniazzi RP, Pinto TMP, Rösing CK. Supragingival plaque removal with and without dentifrice: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Braz Dent J 2012; 23:235-40. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of dental plaque removal by brushing with and without conventional dentifrice. Twenty-four students aged 17 to 28 years participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Quadrants 1-3 or 2-4 were randomly allocated to the test group (brushing without dentifrice) or control group (brushing with dentifrice). After 72 h of cessation of oral hygiene, Quigley & Hein (Turesky) plaque index was assessed before and after brushing by a calibrated and blind examiner. Overtime and intergroup comparisons were performed by Student's paired sample t-test at 5% significance level. The results showed that both groups after toothbrushing presented statistically significant reductions in plaque, with no differences between them (from 3.06 ± 0.54 to 1.27 ± 0.26 versus from 3.07 ± 0.52 to 1.31 ± 0.23). A separate analysis of the buccal and lingual aspects also showed no significant differences between groups. It may be concluded that the use of a conventional dentifrice during toothbrushing does not seem to enhance plaque removal capacity.
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Kyoizumi H, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Araki Y, Suzuki T. Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Purpose
To investigate the effect of tooth brushing wear with and without calcium carbonate slurry on four commercial resin composites based on different filler concepts.
Materials and methods
One nanofiller composite MI FIL (MFI, GC), one conventional hybrid type Venus (VEN) and two nanohybrid composites Venus Diamond (VED) and Venus Pearl (VEP) all from Heraeus Kulzer were examined. Forty beam-shaped specimens (12 × 3 × 3 mm) from each product were prepared and subdivided in two equal groups for pregrinding on SiC paper #600 and #4000 respectively. Ten specimens of each pre-ground group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry, and 10 to toothbrushing with water only. The samples were submitted to five subsequent runs of 10,000 brushing strokes. Depth of wear and surface roughness (Ra) were measured with a profilometer after each 10 k strokes. Specimens after 50 k strokes were assessed by SEM. Additionally, the KHN (0.25 N/15 s) and the degree of conversion (DC) were determined. Data analysis was done by linear regression and ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).
Results
Toothbrushing with abrasive slurry produced significantly different wear depths: VEN > MIF > VEP > VED. Linear relationships between depth of wear and number of cycles (r2 ≥ 0.94) were established for each material. Pregrinding with SiC #4000 resulted in less wear than pregrinding with #600. Ra figures were much higher for VED than for the other materials tested. MIF and VEN were uniformly abraded, whereas the largest glass fillers in VED protruded from the surroundings and the prepolymer particles in VEP were deeper abraded than the bulk of the material. Toothbrushing with water only revealed not measurable wear. Roughness Ra was practically unchanged when compared with the preground samples before challenging with toothbrushes. Ranking by KHN was: MIF < VEN, VEP < VED, by DC: MIF < VEN < VEP < VED.
Conclusion
Filler concepts and monomer compositions affect wear and roughness of resin composites when tooth brushed with abrasive slurry. Toothbrushing without abrasive medium produced neither wear nor roughness. Careful polishing of resin composite restorations is an important determinant of wear and surface roughness.
How to cite this article
Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Kanehira M. Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts. World J Dent 2012;3(2):184-193.
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