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Gu M, Jiang S, Xu X, Wu M, Chen C, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Sun Y, Chen L, Shen C, Guo P, Liu S, Zhao E, Chen S, Chen S. Simultaneous Photodynamic Eradication of Tooth Biofilm and Tooth Whitening with an Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106071. [PMID: 35524635 PMCID: PMC9284169 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is among the most prevalent dental diseases globally, which arises from the formation of microbial biofilm on teeth. Besides, tooth whitening represents one of the fastest-growing areas of cosmetic dentistry. It will thus be great if tooth biofilm eradication can be combined with tooth whitening. Herein, a highly efficient photodynamic dental therapy strategy is reported for tooth biofilm eradication and tooth discoloration by employing a photosensitizer (DTTPB) with aggregation-induced emission characteristics. DTTPB can efficiently inactivate S. mutans, and inhibit biofilm formation by suppressing the expression of genes associated with extracellular polymeric substance synthesis, bacterial adhesion, and superoxide reduction. Its inhibition performance can be further enhanced through combined treatment with chlorhexidine. Besides, DTTPB exhibits an excellent tooth-discoloration effect on both colored saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and clinical teeth, with short treatment time (less than 1 h), better tooth-whitening performance than 30% hydrogen peroxide, and almost no damage to the teeth. DTTPB also demonstrates excellent biocompatibility with neglectable hemolysis effect on mouse red blood cells and almost no killing effect on mammalian cells, which enables its potential applications for simultaneous tooth biofilm eradication and tooth whitening in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Susu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Ming‐Yu Wu
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHong Kong999077China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryBiomedical Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Translational MedicineHealth Science CenterShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518035China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Luojia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Yanling Taocheng health centerXuchang461226China
| | - Engui Zhao
- School of ScienceHarbin Institute of Technology, ShenzhenHIT Campus of University TownShenzhen518055China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryMinistry of EducationDepartment of GastroenterologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universityand School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
- Department of Burn and Plastic SurgeryBiomedical Research CenterShenzhen Institute of Translational MedicineHealth Science CenterShenzhen Second People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518035China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHong Kong999077China
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Soheilifar S, Khodadadi H, Naghdi N, Farhadian M. Does a diluted chlorhexidine-based orthodontic mouthwash cause less discoloration compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash in fixed orthodontic patients? A randomized controlled trial. Int Orthod 2021; 19:406-414. [PMID: 34049835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chlorhexidine gluconate is currently the most effective oral antimicrobial agent against microorganisms, but discoloration of the teeth prevents its long-term use and can reduce patient cooperation. In this study, the effect of chlorhexidine and a diluted chlorhexidine-based, fluoride, cetylpyridinium and vitamin added mouth rinse (Orthokin) on stain index in fixed orthodontic patients was compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed as a double blind randomized controlled trial on 50 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in the age group of 14-30 years. The patients were categorized as two groups of chlorhexidine and Orthokin mouth rinses and were asked to use mouthwash for eight weeks. Groups were matched according to colouring food consumption. Extrinsic staining index was assessed by modified Loben technique. Data was analysed by SPSS software. P value was set to be 0.05. RESULTS In the chlorhexidine group, the stain extent index and overall stain index were increased significantly at 8 weeks (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). However, the increase in stain intensity index was insignificant (P=0.07). In Orthokin group, the changes in stain extent, stain intensity and overall stain were insignificant (P=0.66, P=1.000, P=0.47, respectively). CONCLUSION According to the results of the present study, chlorhexidine mouthwash causes more staining of teeth compared to Orthokin mouthwash. It seems that lower concentrations of chlorhexidine can be prescribed to orthodontic patients. Although these compounds are effective in sense of oral hygiene, they do not cause significant discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Soheilifar
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Implant Research Centre, Hamedan university of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Navid Naghdi
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Dental Implant Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farhadian
- Department of biostatistics, School of public health and research centre for health sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Valkenburg C, Rosema NAMM, Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Versteeg PA, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GAF. Do natural ingredients in a dentifrice contribute to prevention of plaque and gingivitis? Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:429-439. [PMID: 33991392 PMCID: PMC8596674 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing the turmeric and licorice extract compared to a control for preventing plaque and gingivitis over a four-month period. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety (non-dental) participants with moderate gingival inflammation(≥40%) were selected. The triple blind study consisted of two phases, namely at first a 3-week pre-experimental phase of using an oxygenating and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. Secondly, a 4-months experimental period in which participants were randomly assigned to a test or control group. All were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily for 2 minutes with their assigned dentifrice. Gingival bleeding(BI), plaque(PI) and gingivitis(GI) were assessed. RESULTS Eighty participants completed the protocol. At the first assessment in the pre-experimental phase, the mean scores of all indices showed no differences for the two groups. At the second session, the values of all three parameters had decreased significantly (p<0.001). At the last session the BI values were 0.52(0.25) for the test group and 0.56(0.25) for the control, the mean GI was 0.27(0.17) for the test group and 0.31 0.16) for the control, and for PI the scores were 1.89(0.46) for the test group and 1.98(0.43) for the control group. Statistical comparison of the scores for the two groups at each stage of the study showed no significant difference for any of the parameters. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the current study design, dentifrice formulation and concentration of turmeric/licorice extracts the results show that the adjuvant effect of the natural ingredients in the test dentifrice was not evident on clinical parameters of gingivitis and plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cees Valkenburg
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N A M Martijn Rosema
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke L Hennequin-Hoenderdos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A Versteeg
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Else Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Antimicrobial Effect of Natural Berry Juices on Common Oral Pathogenic Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090533. [PMID: 32847029 PMCID: PMC7557983 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) are commonly used in oral plaque control. However, sometimes those agents lack antimicrobial efficiency or cause undesired side effects. To identify alternative anti-infective agents, the present study investigated the antibacterial activity of all-fruit juices derived from blackcurrant, redcurrant, cranberry and raspberry on common oral pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis). (2) Methods: Antibacterial efficiency was evaluated by agar diffusion assay and in direct contact with bacteria in planktonic culture. Furthermore, cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts was determined. (3) Results: Blackcurrant juice was most efficient at suppressing bacteria; followed by the activity of redcurrant and cranberry juice. Raspberry juice only suppressed P. gingivalis significantly. Only high-concentrated blackcurrant juice showed minimal cytotoxic effects which were significantly less compared to the action of CHX. (4) Conclusion: Extracts from natural berry juices might be used for safe and efficient suppression of oral pathogenic bacterial species.
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Potential Advantages of Peroxoborates and Their Ester Adducts Over Hydrogen Peroxide as Therapeutic Agents in Oral Healthcare Products: Chemical/Biochemical Reactivity Considerations In Vitro, Ex Vivo And In Vivo. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030089. [PMID: 32784634 PMCID: PMC7559157 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxides present in oral healthcare products generally exert favourable protective activities against the development and progression of tooth decay, plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis, etc. However, despite the high level of research focus on hydrogen and carbamide peroxides as therapeutically active (and tooth-whitening) agents, to date the use of alternative chemical forms of peroxides such as peroxoborates for these purposes has received only scant attention. Intriguingly, peroxoborate and its esters with polyols, such as glycerol, have a very diverse chemistry/biochemistry in aqueous solution, for which there is an increasing amount of evidence that it remains distinctive from that of hydrogen peroxide; such properties include self-associative and hydrolytic equilibria, and their abilities to participate in electrophile- or nucleophile-scavenging, metal ion-complexing, redox and free radical reactions, for example. Therefore, the purpose of this detailed commentary is to evaluate both differences and similarities between the molecular/biomolecular reactivities of peroxoborate species and hydrogen peroxide in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo. It encompasses brief sectional accounts regarding the molecular heterogeneity of peroxoborates, the release of bioactive agents therefrom, and their oxidative attack on oral cavity biomolecules (the nucleophilic or electrophilic character of these oxidations are discussed). Further areas explored are the abilities of borates and peroxoborates to enhance the solubility of iron ions in aqueous solution, their involvements in free radical biochemistry (particularly the complexation of oxygen radical-promoting transition metal ions by, and antioxidant properties of, peroxoborate-polyol ester adducts), and the specific inhibition of protease enzymes. Further aspects focus on the tooth-whitening, oral malodor neutralizing, and potential mutagenic and genotoxic properties of peroxoborates, along with possible mechanisms for these processes. The abilities of peroxoborates, and peroxides in general, to modulate the activities of inflammatory mediators and vitamins, antioxidant or otherwise, are also explored.
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Effect of mixed chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses on developing plaque and stain in gingivitis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1697-1704. [PMID: 32757075 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of mixed chlorhexidine (CHX)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mouthrinses compared with CHX mouthrinse alone on plaque, tooth stain, and gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a double-blind, randomized two group parallel experiment, using a 14-day non-brushing half-mouth model. The test group was randomly assigned to the mixed 0.12% CHX and 1.5% H2O2 mouthrinse, whereas the control group used 0.12% CHX. Sixty healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study and received scaling and polishing 2 weeks prior to the experiment and then rinsed with the allocated mouthrinses twice daily for 2 weeks. The plaque, stain, and gingivitis scores were evaluated and recorded by a calibrated investigator. RESULTS Fifty-two subjects completed the study (CHX + H2O2n = 25/CHX n = 27). There were significant differences between the control and test groups for plaque index (CHX 0.64 ± 0.41 vs. CHX + H2O2 0.46 ± 0.36, p = 0.035) and stain intensity at proximal areas (CHX 0.26 ± 0.36 vs. CHX + H2O2 0.09 ± 0.14, p = 0.019) at the end of the experimental non-brushing side. However, the gingival indices did not differ significantly (CHX 0.61 ± 0.34 vs. CHX + H2O2 0.62 ± 0.31, p = 0.938) between groups. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of oral hygiene practice, the mixed CHX + H2O2 mouthrinse was slightly superior in reducing plaque scores and stain compared with CHX alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The clinical effectiveness of CHX + H2O2 is comparable with CHX mouthwash alone. Therefore, the use of the mixed mouthrinse is beneficial compared with CHX for minimizing biofilm and tooth staining.
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Evaluation of new Seawater-based Mouth Rinse Versus Chlorhexidine 0.2% Reducing Plaque and Gingivitis Indexes. A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) has been considered the most used mouth-rinse for reducing plaque and gingivitis. Sea4® Encias is a new seawater-based mouth rinse with a similar action to CHX. Its prolonged use produces fewer side effects. This study compared the effects of two oral rinses: Chlorhexidine 0.20% and Sea 4® Encias (seawater) for reducing plaque and gingivitis indices. This double-blind crossover study recruited and monitored 93 volunteer dental students, hygienists and doctors from the Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), for 1 month, and compared the efficacy of Chlorhexidine 0.20% (Group A); Sea4® Encías (Group B); and a placebo saline solution (Group C) mouth-rinses for reducing plaque and gingivitis indices. Plaque and gingival inflammation (Löe and Silness test) were evaluated at baseline and after each study stage. Group A reduced plaque growth and gingivitis significantly compared with Groups B and C; Group B was more effective than Group C. The mean P.I. decreased similarly in groups A and B. However, Group A showed the statistically significant value compared with other groups. Group A and group B, showed greater reduction in Gingival Indexes compared with group C. The Sea4 mouthwash showed better inhibitory activity on plaque (1.32 ± 0.22) compared with CHX (1.97 ± 0.34) and saline (2.78 ± 0.11). Sea4 Encias and Chlorhexidine 0.20% mouth-rinses significantly reduce plaque growth and G.I. compared with saline mouth-rinse; Sea4 Encías mouth-rinse is more effective against plaque regrowth than Chlorhexidine in this pilot study.
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Afkhami F, Elahy S, Nahavandi AM, Kharazifard MJ, Sooratgar A. Discoloration of teeth due to different intracanal medicaments. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e10. [PMID: 30834232 PMCID: PMC6387892 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to assess coronal discoloration induced by the following intracanal medicaments: calcium hydroxide (CH), a mixture of CH paste and chlorhexidine gel (CH/CHX), and triple antibiotic paste (3Mix). Materials and Methods Seventy extracted single-canal teeth were selected. Access cavities were prepared and each canal was instrumented with a rotary ProTaper system. The specimens were randomly assigned to CH, CH/CHX, and 3Mix paste experimental groups (n = 20 each) or a control group (n = 10). Each experimental group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups (A and B). In subgroup A, medicaments were only applied to the root canals, while in subgroup B, the root canals were completely filled with medicaments and a cotton pellet dipped in medicament was also placed in the pulp chamber. Spectrophotometric readings were obtained from the mid-buccal surface of the tooth crowns immediately after placing the medicaments (T1) and at 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 3 months (T4) after filling. The ∆E was then calculated. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), 3-way ANOVA, and the Scheffé post hoc test. Results The greatest color change (ΔE) was observed at 3 months (p < 0.0001) and in 3Mix subgroup B (p = 0.0057). No significant color change occurred in the CH (p = 0.7865) or CH/CHX (p = 0.1367) groups over time, but the 3Mix group showed a significant ΔE (p = 0.0164). Conclusion Intracanal medicaments may induce tooth discoloration. Use of 3Mix must be short and it must be carefully applied only to the root canals; the access cavity should be thoroughly cleaned afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Elahy
- General Dentist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mahmoudi Nahavandi
- Color Imaging and Color Image Processing Department, Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Kharazifard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aidin Sooratgar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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Van Leeuwen MPC, Rosema NAM, Versteeg PA, Slot DE, Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Van der Weijden GA. Effectiveness of various interventions on maintenance of gingival health during 1 year - a randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:e16-e27. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MPC Van Leeuwen
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - NAM Rosema
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - PA Versteeg
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - DE Slot
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - NL Hennequin-Hoenderdos
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - GA Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Van der Weijden FA, Van der Sluijs E, Ciancio SG, Slot DE. Can Chemical Mouthwash Agents Achieve Plaque/Gingivitis Control? Dent Clin North Am 2015; 59:799-829. [PMID: 26427569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Also note that structured abstracts are not allowed per journal style: What is the effect of a mouthwash containing various active chemical ingredients on plaque control and managing gingivitis in adults based on evidence gathered from existing systematic reviews? The summarized evidence suggests that mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine(CHX) and essential oils (EO) had a large effect supported by a strong body of evidence. Also there was strong evidence for a moderate effect of cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC). Evidence suggests that a CHX mouthwash is the first choice, the most reliable alternative is EO. No difference between CHX and EO with respect to gingivitis was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fridus A Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eveline Van der Sluijs
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian G Ciancio
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dagmar E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gallob JT, Lynch M, Charles C, Ricci-Nittel D, Mordas C, Gambogi R, Revankar R, Mutti B, Labella R. A randomized trial of ethyl lauroyl arginate-containing mouthrinse in the control of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:740-747. [PMID: 26087864 PMCID: PMC4744955 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim This 4‐week, single‐centre, randomized, examiner‐blind, controlled study investigated the efficacy and safety of 0.15% ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE)‐containing mouthrinse in adults with mild‐to‐moderate gingivitis. Material and Methods Subjects were randomized to use 0.15% LAE‐containing mouthrinse or 5% hydroalcohol‐negative control twice daily after brushing with standard fluoride toothpaste. Plaque, gingivitis and bleeding were assessed at baseline and Weeks 2 and 4. The oral microflora was analysed at baseline and Week 4. Results Eighty‐seven subjects were randomized to treatment. The 0.15% LAE‐containing mouthrinse was associated with statistically significantly (p < 0.001) greater reductions in mean plaque and gingivitis scores versus the negative control at Week 2 (difference [95% confidence interval]: plaque 0.83 [0.64, 1.02], 29.1%; gingivitis 0.11 [0.07, 0.14], 4.8%) and Week 4 (co‐primary endpoints: plaque 1.23 [1.07, 1.39], 42.6%; gingivitis 0.23 [0.19, 0.28], 10.7%). Bleeding‐index scores were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced versus the control at Weeks 2 (by 0.04 [0.03, 0.06], 36.3%) and 4 (by 0.06 [0.04, 0.08], 50.9%). No shifts were detected in the oral microflora. There were no treatment‐related adverse events. Conclusions The 0.15% LAE‐containing mouthrinse was well tolerated and significantly reduced plaque, gingivitis and bleeding when used as an adjunct to tooth brushing for 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Gallob
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Michael Lynch
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Carolyn Mordas
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Gambogi
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, NJ, USA
| | - Ratna Revankar
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Skillman, NJ, USA
| | | | - Roberto Labella
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Services EAME Ltd., Maidenhead, UK
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Genovesi A, Barone A, Toti P, Covani U. The efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine versus 0.12% chlorhexidine plus hyaluronic acid mouthwash on healing of submerged single implant insertion areas: a short-term randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 15:65-72. [PMID: 26084554 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was performed to evaluate the incidence of post-surgical adverse events at submerged implant sites as well as the antiplaque, antigingivitis and antistaining effects in the entire dentition of patients treated with two mouthwashes. METHODS The present randomized controlled clinical study considered 40 patients subjected to dental implant treatment. Two 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashes were compared for 15 days: one with 0.1% hyaluronic acid (CHX⊗HYL group) and one without it (CHX group). Surgical outcome variables, and plaque, gingival, and staining indexes were recorded. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the two rinses regarding the presence of oedema within 2 days after surgery (20% for the CHX⊗HYL group and 78% for the CHX group). No other significant differences were recorded between the two mouthwashes. No intergroup differences in plaque, staining and gingivitis indexes were registered. The intragroup analysis revealed that for the plaque and gingival indexes, the differences between the baseline values (before surgery) and those at 15 days were all found to be significant just for CHX⊗HYL rinse, with final values ranging from 0.18 to 0.23 for the plaque index and from 0.06 to 0.07 for the gingival index. The staining index increased for both mouthwash types with significant results (with final value of 0.19 and 0.31 for CHX⊗HYL and CHX groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the sites of patients subjected to dental implant placement, an additional anti-oedematigenous effect in early healing seemed to be disclosed for 0.12% CHX⊗HYL mouthwash. Regarding antiplaque and antigingivitis activities, HYL seemed to be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Genovesi
- Department of Surgery, Medical Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
| | - A Barone
- Department of Surgery, Medical Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
| | - P Toti
- Department of Surgery, Medical Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
| | - U Covani
- Department of Surgery, Medical Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Versilia General Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
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13
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Effetti indesiderati locali da clorexidina: un focus sulle pigmentazioni dentali. DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Fernandez y Mostajo M, van der Reijden WA, Buijs MJ, Beertsen W, Van der Weijden F, Crielaard W, Zaura E. Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:95. [PMID: 25101249 PMCID: PMC4107829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria live in symbiosis with the host. Therefore, when mouthwashes are indicated, selective inhibition of taxa contributing to disease is preferred instead of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The potential selectivity of an oxygenating mouthwash, Ardox-X® (AX), has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of AX and the effects of a twice-daily oral rinse on dental plaque composition. Material and methods:In vitro, 16 oral bacterial strains were tested using agar diffusion susceptibility, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. A pilot clinical study was performed with 25 healthy volunteers. Clinical assessments and microbiological sampling of supragingival plaque were performed at 1 month before the experiment (Pre-exp), at the start of the experiment (Baseline) and after the one-week experimental period (Post-exp). During the experiment individuals used AX mouthwash twice daily in absence of other oral hygiene measures. The microbiological composition of plaque was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results: AX showed high inter-species variation in microbial growth inhibition. The tested Prevotella strains and Fusobacterium nucleatum showed the highest sensitivity, while streptococci and Lactobacillus acidophilus were most resistant to AX. Plaque scores at Pre-exp and Baseline visits did not differ significantly (p = 0.193), nor did the microbial composition of plaque. During a period of 7-days non-brushing but twice daily rinsing plaque scores increased from 2.21 (0.31) at Baseline to 2.43 (0.39) Post-exp. A significant microbial shift in composition was observed: genus Streptococcus and Veillonella increased while Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium and Capnocytophaga decreased (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: AX has the potential for selective inhibition of oral bacteria. The shift in oral microbiome after 1 week of rinsing deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Fernandez y Mostajo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wil A van der Reijden
- Regional Laboratory for Public Health Haarlem, Department Molecular Biology Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Beertsen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fridus Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Van Leeuwen MPC, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of an essential-oils mouthrinse as compared to a vehicle solution on plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2014; 12:160-7. [PMID: 24720368 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of an alcohol vehicle solution (V-Sol) compared with an essential-oils mouthwash (EOMW) and if available with a water-based control (WC) on plaque, gingival inflammation parameters and extrinsic tooth staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis was performed, and difference of means (DIFFM) as calculated. RESULTS In total, 971 unique papers were found of which five met the eligibility criteria. The DIFFM of the meta-analysis of four 6-month studies showed that the EOMW provided significantly better plaque control (DIFFM = 0.39, P < 0.00001) and gingival inflammation reduction as measured by the Löe and Silness Index (DIFFM = 0.36, P = 0.00001) as compared to the V-Sol. Regarding extrinsic tooth staining, a small but significant difference (DIFFM = -0.08, P = 0.03) was observed. CONCLUSION Limited data, but with a low risk of bias, were available to assess the potential benefit of the alcohol-containing V-Sol. 'High'- and 'moderate'-quality data were available for the analysis of plaque and gingivitis, respectively. Within these limitations, EOMW appears to provide a significant oral health benefit during the 6 months of use. The data retrieved for this review suggest that the essential oils produce an effect on plaque and gingivitis that extends beyond the V-Sol. Furthermore, the V-Sol proved to be no different from a WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P C Van Leeuwen
- Department of Periodontology (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dentistry Clinic, Bussum, the Netherlands
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16
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Slot DE, Berchier CE, Addy M, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of chlorhexidine dentifrice or gel on plaque, clinical parameters of gingival inflammation and tooth discoloration: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 12:25-35. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DE Slot
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - CE Berchier
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Clinic for Periodontology; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M Addy
- School of Oral and Dental Science; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - U Van der Velden
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - GA Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Clinic for Periodontology; Utrecht The Netherlands
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