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Horgan FG. Virulence Adaptation by Rice Planthoppers and Leafhoppers to Resistance Genes and Loci: A Review. INSECTS 2024; 15:652. [PMID: 39336620 PMCID: PMC11432362 DOI: 10.3390/insects15090652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, research on developing and deploying resistant rice has accelerated due to the availability of modern molecular tools and, in particular, advances in marker-assisted selection. However, progress in understanding virulence adaptation has been relatively slow. This review tracks patterns in virulence adaptation to resistance genes (particularly Bph1, bph2, Bph3, and bph4) and examines the nature of virulence based on selection experiments, responses by virulent populations to differential rice varieties (i.e., varieties with different resistance genes), and breeding experiments that interpret the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation. The review proposes that varietal resistance is best regarded as a combination of minor and major resistance traits against which planthoppers develop partial or complete virulence through heritable improvements that are reversable or through evolutionary adaptation, respectively. Agronomic practices, deployment patterns, and herbivore population pressures determine the rates of adaptation, and there is growing evidence that pesticide detoxification mechanisms can accelerate virulence adaptation. Research to delay adaptation has mainly focused on gene pyramiding (i.e., including ≥ two major genes in a variety) and multilines (i.e., including ≥ two resistant varieties in a field or landscape); however, these strategies have not been adequately tested and, if not managed properly, could inadvertently accelerate adaptation compared to sequential deployment. Several research gaps remain and considerable improvements in research methods are required to better understand and manage virulence adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr G. Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P499 County Cork, Ireland;
- Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences, School of Agronomy, Catholic University of Maule, Casilla 7-D, Curicó 3349001, Chile
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Hu J, Xiao C, He Y. Recent progress on the genetics and molecular breeding of brown planthopper resistance in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:30. [PMID: 27300326 PMCID: PMC4908088 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most devastating pest of rice. Host-plant resistance is the most desirable and economic strategy in the management of BPH. To date, 29 major BPH resistance genes have been identified from indica cultivars and wild rice species, and more than ten genes have been fine mapped to chromosome regions of less than 200 kb. Four genes (Bph14, Bph26, Bph17 and bph29) have been cloned. The increasing number of fine-mapped and cloned genes provide a solid foundation for development of functional markers for use in breeding. Several BPH resistant introgression lines (ILs), near-isogenic lines (NILs) and pyramided lines (PLs) carrying single or multiple resistance genes were developed by marker assisted backcross breeding (MABC). Here we review recent progress on the genetics and molecular breeding of BPH resistance in rice. Prospect for developing cultivars with durable, broad-spectrum BPH resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Kamolsukyunyong W, Sukhaket W, Ruanjaichon V, Toojinda T, Vanavichit A. Single-feature polymorphism mapping of isogenic rice lines identifies the influence of terpene synthase on brown planthopper feeding preferences. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:18. [PMID: 24280452 PMCID: PMC4883687 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bph3, a major brown planthopper (BPH) resistance locus derived from the rice cultivar Rathu Heenati (RH), has been used as a stable donor of traits that improve highly susceptible aromatic rice varieties in Thailand. Map-based cloning was initiated using a set of isogenic lines (ILs) harboring the major Bph3 locus on chromosome 6. IL genomes were scanned with a 57 K Affymetrix Rice GeneChip to identify the gene responsible for Bph3. FINDINGS Single-feature polymorphism (SFP) mapping was used to localize 84 candidate genes. An expression analysis of 15 selected candidate genes in the aromatic rice cultivar KDML105 (KD) and the ILs under normal conditions revealed two differentially expressed sequences. Following hopper feeding, only one candidate gene, Os04g27430, was differentially expressed. Os04g27430 encodes a putative sesquiterpene synthase (STPS) gene that was induced by BPH feeding in ILs. An antixenosis test in three selected ILs revealed a major role for STPS in insect preference during the first 120 hours of the rice-insect interaction. Functional SNPs in exon 5 that resulted in the deletion of seven amino acids in the susceptible rice line were identified. Moreover, three additional SNPs associated with three transcription binding sites were also identified, which might explain the differential response of Os04g27430 during the anti-feeding test. CONCLUSION Os04g27430 is the second known rice STPS induced by BPH. The gene may involve an antixenosis BPH resistance mechanism. The combination of the STPS and the Bph3 locus was more effective than Bph3 alone in the tested ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wintai Kamolsukyunyong
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
- />Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Wissarut Sukhaket
- />Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Vinitchan Ruanjaichon
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Apichart Vanavichit
- />Rice Gene Discovery Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
- />Rice Science Center, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
- />Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
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Cheng X, Zhu L, He G. Towards understanding of molecular interactions between rice and the brown planthopper. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:621-34. [PMID: 23396040 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most notorious pest of rice (Oryza sativa). Studies of rice-BPH interaction have contributed to development of new rice varieties, offering an effective means for long-lasting control of BPH. Here, we review the status of knowledge of the molecular basis of rice-BPH interaction, from the perspective of immunity. The BPH has complicated feeding behaviors on rice, which are mainly related to host resistance. Now, 24 resistance genes have been detected in rice, indicating gene-for-gene relationships with biotypes of the BPH. However, only one BPH resistance gene (Bph14) was identified and characterized using map-based cloning. Bph14 encodes an immune receptor of NB-LRR family, providing a means for studying the molecular mechanisms of rice resistance to BPH. Plant hormones (e.g. salicylic acid and jasmonate/ethylene), Ca(2+), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and OsRac1 play important roles in the immune response of rice to BPH. Signal transduction leads to modifying expression of defense-related genes and defense mechanisms against BPH, including sieve tube sealing, production of secondary metabolites, and induction of proteinase inhibitor. A model for the molecular interactions between rice and the BPH is proposed, although many details remain to be investigated that are valuable for molecular design of BPH-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Xie K, Wang B, Tuyen LQ, Song Z, Wu H, Liu Y, Jiang L, Liu S, Cheng X, Wang C, Zhai H, Wan J. Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistances to small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus in rice using recombinant inbred lines. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8406-21. [PMID: 23591851 PMCID: PMC3645751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small brown planthopper (SBPH) and rice stripe virus (RSV) disease transmitted by SBPH cause serious damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China. In the present study, we screened 312 rice accessions for resistance to SBPH. The indica variety, N22, is highly resistant to SBPH. One hundred and eighty two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of N22 and the highly susceptible variety, USSR5, were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of resistances to SBPH and RSV. In a modified seedbox screening test, three QTLs for SBPH resistance, qSBPH2, qSBPH3 and qSBPH7.1, were mapped on chromosomes 2, 3 and 7, a total explaining 35.1% of the phenotypic variance. qSBPH7.2 and qSBPH11.2, conferring antibiosis against SBPH, were detected on chromosomes 7 and 11 and accounted for 20.7% of the total phenotypic variance. In addition, qSBPH5 and qSBPH7.3, expressing antixenosis to SBPH, were detected on chromosomes 5 and 7, explaining 23.9% of the phenotypic variance. qSBPH7.1, qSBPH7.2 and qSBPH7.3, located in the same region between RM234 and RM429 on chromosome 7, using three different phenotyping methods indicate that the locus or region plays a major role in conferring resistance to SBPH in N22. Moreover, three QTLs, qSTV4, qSTV11.1 and qSTV11.2, for RSV resistance were detected on chromosomes 4 and 11. qSTV11.1 and qSTV11.2 are located in the same region between RM287 and RM209 on chromosome 11. Molecular markers spanning these QTLs should be useful in the development of varieties with resistance to SBPH and RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Le Quang Tuyen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhaoqiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanling Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xianian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huqu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Crop Science, the National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China; E-Mails: (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (K.X.); (B.W.); (L.Q.T.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (L.J.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Crop Science, the National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-9061; Fax: +86-25-8439-6516
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