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Rietmann SJ, Cochet-Faivre N, Dropsy H, Jagannathan V, Chevallier L, Leeb T. EDA Missense Variant in a Cat with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:854. [PMID: 39062633 PMCID: PMC11276485 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a developmental defect characterized by sparse or absent hair, missing or malformed teeth and defects in eccrine glands. Loss-of-function variants in the X-chromosomal EDA gene have been reported to cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We investigated a male cat exhibiting diffuse truncal alopecia with a completely absent undercoat. The cat lacked several teeth, and the remaining teeth had an abnormal conical shape. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense variant in the EDA gene, XM_011291781.3:c.1042G>A or XP_011290083.1:p.(Ala348Thr). The predicted amino acid exchange is located in the C-terminal TNF signaling domain of the encoded ectodysplasin. The corresponding missense variant in the human EDA gene, p.Ala349Thr, has been reported as a recurring pathogenic variant in several human patients with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The identified feline variant therefore represents the likely cause of the hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the investigated cat, and the genetic investigation confirmed the suspected clinical diagnosis. This is the first report of an EDA-related hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Rietmann
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.J.R.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Noëlle Cochet-Faivre
- Unité de Dermatologie, CHUV-Animaux de Compagnie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (N.C.-F.); (H.D.)
- BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Helene Dropsy
- Unité de Dermatologie, CHUV-Animaux de Compagnie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (N.C.-F.); (H.D.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.J.R.); (V.J.)
| | - Lucie Chevallier
- U955-IMRB, Team 10-Biology of the Neuromuscular System, INSERM, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (S.J.R.); (V.J.)
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Reinartz S, Weiß C, Heppelmann M, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Hellige M, Willen L, Feige K, Schneider P, Distl O. A Missense Mutation in the Collagen Triple Helix of EDA Is Associated with X-Linked Recessive Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Fleckvieh Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 38275590 PMCID: PMC10815684 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations within the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene have been associated with congenital hypotrichosis and anodontia (HAD/XHED) in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We identified a three-generation family of Fleckvieh cattle with male calves exhibiting clinical and histopathological signs consistent with an X-linked recessive HAD (XHED). Whole genome and Sanger sequencing of cDNA showed a perfect association of the missense mutation g.85716041G>A (ss2019497443, rs1114816375) within the EDA gene with all three cases following an X-linked recessive inheritance, but normal EDAR and EDARADD. This mutation causes an exchange of glycine (G) with arginine (R) at amino acid position 227 (p.227G>R) in the second collagen triple helix repeat domain of EDA. The EDA variant was associated with a significant reduction and underdevelopment of hair follicles along with a reduced outgrowth of hairs, a complete loss of seromucous nasolabial and mucous tracheal and bronchial glands and a malformation of and reduction in number of teeth. Thermostability of EDA G227R was reduced, consistent with a relatively mild hair and tooth phenotype. However, incisors and canines were more severely affected in one of the calves, which correlated with the presence of a homozygous missense mutation of RNF111 (g.51306765T>G), a putative candidate gene possibly associated with tooth number in EDA-deficient Fleckvieh calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Reinartz
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Christine Weiß
- Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Maike Heppelmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | | | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (L.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (M.H.); (K.F.)
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; (L.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
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Abstract
Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can be attributed to a decreased formation or cytodifferentiation of the hair follicle or the hair shaft in utero, resulting in congenital alopecia. Congenital alopecia often has a hereditary cause, and examples of such disorders are ectodermal dysplasias associated with gene variants of the ectodysplasin A gene. Noninflammatory alopecia may also be caused by impaired postnatal regeneration of hair follicles or shafts. Such disorders may have a clear breed predilection, and alopecia starts early in life. A hereditary background is suspected in those cases but has not been proven. They are referred to as follicular dysplasia although some of these disorders present histologically like a hair cycle disturbance. Late-onset alopecia is usually acquired and may be associated with endocrinopathies. Other possible causes are impaired vascular perfusion or stress. As the hair follicle has limited possible responses to altered regulation, and histopathology may change during the course of a disease, a detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination including blood work, appropriate biopsy site selection, and detailed histological findings need to be combined to achieve a final diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview about the known noninflammatory alopecic disorders in dogs. As the pathogenesis of most disorders is unknown, some statements are based on comparative aspects or reflect the authors' opinion.
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Okandeji ME, Lijoka AD, Atiba FA, Adebiyi OA, Olopade JO. Dental Disorders in Wild and Domestic Pigs ( Sus Scrofa): A Review. J Vet Dent 2023; 40:47-56. [PMID: 36124401 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Teeth in the mouth of vertebrates represent the modified descendants of bony dermal plates of ancestral fishes. Dental disorders, which are deviations of dental tissues origins, are derived from any or all of the dental tissues; enamel, dentin or cementum, and include dental abnormalities and diseases. These disorders can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, or an interplay of both factors. This article reviews disorders that have been reported in both wild and domestic pigs and the frequency of occurrence of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Efeturi Okandeji
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji David Lijoka
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluso Ayobami Atiba
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 58987University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Castejon-Gonzalez AC, Reiter AM. Dental Abnormalities in Immature Dogs with a History of Mandibular Fractures. J Vet Dent 2022; 39:173-181. [PMID: 35293801 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221082150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to report the dental abnormalities encountered in immature dogs with a history of mandibular fracture. Dogs were included in the study if mandibular fractures were diagnosed by means of oral examination and diagnostic imaging, they were treated with non-invasive or minimally invasive methods, and there was a follow-up examination of at least 90 days after the initial presentation with the last follow-up visit occurring at 6 months of age or older. Eleven dogs met the inclusion criteria. Dental abnormalities occurred exclusively in those dogs that had sustained fracture of the mandibular body or fracture at the transition of mandibular body and mandibular ramus. A high number of developing permanent teeth located in or near the mandibular fracture were affected (73.5%). The most common dental abnormalities were failure of eruption or partial eruption (29.0%), resorption (22.6%), abnormal shape (19.4%), and enamel hypoplasia (16.1%). The majority of deciduous teeth (64.3%) in or near the mandibular fracture exfoliated uneventfully. Ten out of 11 dogs needed a surgical procedure to treat dental abnormalities after mandibular fracture healing. The development of the tooth germs located in or near a mandibular fracture is frequently affected. Radiographic evaluation of the area of trauma is recommended until eruption and full development of the teeth are completed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander M Reiter
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Moura E, Daltro SRT, Sás DM, Engracia Filho JR, Farias MR, Pimpão CT. Genetic analysis of a possible case of canine X-linked ectodermal dysplasia. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:1127-1130. [PMID: 34076266 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we describe targeted next-generation sequencing of the EDA gene of a male poodle with a clinical and histopathological diagnosis of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The result was compared with the reference sequence and with the result of the sequencing of a normal dog's EDA gene. No point variant, small deletion or insertion were found in the exons and splice sites, but a transition and a transversion were found in the intron 6' and 3' UTR, respectively. The cause of the dysplasia of the affected dog in this study is neither a point variant nor a small deletion or insertion in the exons and splice sites of the EDA gene. Therefore, patients with phenotype of XLHED may have other types of variants in the EDA gene or variants in other genes of the EDA signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S R T Daltro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D M Sás
- Genotyping - Diagnósticos Genéticos, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R Engracia Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M R Farias
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C T Pimpão
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Crossbred Beef Cattle Due to a Large Deletion in EDA. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030657. [PMID: 33801223 PMCID: PMC7999020 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ectodermal dysplasias such as hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), are genetic conditions affecting the development and/or homeostasis of two or more ectodermal derivatives, including hair, teeth, nails, and eccrine glands. In particular, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in humans is characterized by a triad of signs comprising sparse hair, abnormal teeth, and anhidrosis or hypohidrosis. It has been reported in cattle, dogs, mice and rats. Until now, eight pathogenic variants in the bovine ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene causing ECTD1-like disorders have been found. Herein, five affected Red Angus-Simmental bull calves born over a 6-year period (2013–2019) in a single herd in the Western United States are reported showing an ECTD1-like syndrome. Calves were born with severe hypotrichosis and oligodontia. At age 1-week-old two calves died of severe pneumonia. Microscopic findings of the skin revealed small-caliber hair follicles with a mean density in flank skin slightly greater in affected animals than in control animals. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified a 53 kb deletion of the X chromosome including parts of the EDA gene as well as the entire AWAT2 gene. The partial deletion of the EDA gene that is known to be associated with forms of ECTD1 is the most likely cause for the reported genodermatosis. Similar rare disorders in livestock are often not diagnosed at the molecular level due to lack of resources, short lifespan of the animals, and concerns for the producers’ reputation. Abstract X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in people results in a spectrum of abnormalities, most importantly hypotrichosis, anodontia/oligodontia, and absent or defective ectodermally derived glands. Five Red Angus-Simmental calves born over a 6-year period demonstrated severe hypotrichosis and were diagnosed as affected with ECTD1-like syndrome. Two died of severe pneumonia within a week of birth. The skin of three affected calves revealed a predominance of histologically unremarkable small-caliber hair follicles. Larger follicles (>50 µm) containing medullated hairs (including guard and tactile hairs) were largely restricted to the muzzle, chin, tail, eyelids, tragus and distal portions of the limbs and tail. The mean histological density of hair follicles in flank skin of two affected calves was slightly greater than that in two unaffected calves. One affected calf was examined postmortem at 10 days of age to better characterize systemic lesions. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Mandibular incisor teeth were absent. Premolar teeth were unerupted and widely spaced. Other than oligodontia, histological changes in teeth were modest, featuring multifocal disorganization of ameloblasts, new bone formation in dental alveoli, and small aggregates of osteodentin and cementum at the margins of the enamel organ. A 52,780 base pair deletion spanning six out of eight coding exons of EDA and all of AWAT2 was identified. Partial deletion of the EDA gene is the presumed basis for the reported X-chromosomal recessive inherited genodermatosis.
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jurgelėnas E, Zakienė I, Daugnora L. Dental and skull bone pathologies of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Lithuania. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenijus jurgelėnas
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, Kaunas, Lithuania; e-mail: ,
| | - Indrė Zakienė
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, Kaunas, Lithuania; e-mail: ,
| | - Linas Daugnora
- Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology, Klaipėda University, Herkaus Manto 84, Klaipėda, Lithuania; e-mail:
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9
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Giavitto AE, Meehan LJ. Congenital hypodontia in three horses diagnosed by computed tomography. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Giavitto
- Langford Equine Referral Hospital University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences Langford, Bristol UK
| | - L. J. Meehan
- Langford Equine Referral Hospital University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences Langford, Bristol UK
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Moura E, Henrique Weber S, Engracia Filho JR, Pimpão CT. A Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Arising From a New Mutation in a Yorkshire Terrier Dog. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 39:100404. [PMID: 32482291 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias (HED) constitute a group of genetic disorders that affect ectodermal derivatives such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and teeth. The vast majority of cases of HED are caused by a recessive mutation of the EDA gene located in the X chromosome. In these cases, affected individuals are usually male and have alopecia and hypotrichosis with characteristic distribution, in addition to malformed teeth and fewer than normal. From a canine HED isolated case (proband) andc in order to verify if this emerged from a new mutation, it was possible to construct a pedigree with 5 generations and 93 individuals representing an extended and informative family. The proband's mother crossed with 2 different males and generated 33 descendants in 9 gestations: 1 affected male (proband), 15 normal males, and 17 normal females, which together can be considered as 1 sibship. Through Bayesian inference, it was possible to establish that this case originated from a new mutation, with a 99.99% probability of the mother of the proband not being a carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Henrique Weber
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jair Rodini Engracia Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudia Turra Pimpão
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Margolis CA, Schneider P, Huttner K, Kirby N, Houser TP, Wildman L, Grove GL, Schneider H, Casal ML. Prenatal Treatment of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia using Recombinant Ectodysplasin in a Canine Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:806-813. [PMID: 31000577 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.256040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is caused by defects in the EDA gene that inactivate the function of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1). This leads to abnormal development of eccrine glands, hair follicles, and teeth, and to frequent respiratory infections. Previous studies in the naturally occurring dog model demonstrated partial prevention of the XLHED phenotype by postnatal administration of recombinant EDA1. The results suggested that a single or two temporally spaced injections of EDI200 prenatally might improve the clinical outcome in the dog model. Fetuses received ultrasound-guided EDI200 intra-amniotically at gestational days 32 and 45, or 45 or 55 alone (of a 65-day pregnancy). Growth rates, lacrimation, hair growth, meibomian glands, sweating, dentition, and mucociliary clearance were compared in treated and untreated XLHED-affected dogs, and in heterozygous and wild-type control dogs. Improved phenotypic outcomes were noted in the earlier and more frequently treated animals. All animals treated prenatally showed positive responses compared with untreated dogs with XLHED, most notably in the transfer of moisture through paw pads, suggesting improved onset of sweating ability and restored meibomian gland development. These results exemplify the feasibility of ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injections for the treatment of developmental disorders, with improved formation of specific EDA1-dependent structures in dogs with XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Margolis
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Pascal Schneider
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Kenneth Huttner
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Neil Kirby
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Timothy P Houser
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Lee Wildman
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Gary L Grove
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Holm Schneider
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
| | - Margret L Casal
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.A.M., M.L.C.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.S.); Edimer Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.H., N.K.); cyberDERM, Inc., Broomall, Pennsylvania (T.P.H., L.W., G.L.G.); and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Erlangen, Germany (H.S.)
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Moura E, Rotenberg IS, Pimpão CT. X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia-General Features and Dental Abnormalities in Affected Dogs Compared With Human Dental Abnormalities. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35:11-17. [PMID: 31122682 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormalities in ectodermal derivatives such as sweat glands, hair, and teeth. In animals, the highest number of cases has been reported in dogs, which show characteristic congenital alopecia and develop abnormalities in the shape and number of teeth. Although the clinical phenotype of the affected individuals is typical, this disorder remains almost unknown in veterinary clinical practice. With the aim of making it better known, we gathered in this review the main clinical and genetic aspects of XLHED, placing emphasis on dental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio Moura
- Service of Medical Genetics, Course of Veterinary Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Isabel S Rotenberg
- Course of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cláudia T Pimpão
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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A de Novo EDA-Variant in a Litter of Shorthaired Standard Dachshunds with X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:95-104. [PMID: 30397018 PMCID: PMC6325906 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a detailed phenotype description and genetic elucidation of the first case of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the shorthaired standard Dachshund. This condition is characterized by partial congenital hypotrichosis, missing and malformed teeth and a lack of eccrine sweat glands. Clinical signs including dental radiographs and histopathological findings were consistent with ectodermal dysplasia. Pedigree analysis supported an X-recessive mode of inheritance. Whole-genome sequencing of one affected puppy and his dam identified a 1-basepair deletion within the ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene (CM000039.3:g.54509504delT, c.458delT). Sanger sequencing of further family members confirmed the EDA:c.458delT-variant. Validation in all available family members, 37 unrelated shorthaired standard Dachshunds, 128 further Dachshunds from all other coat and size varieties and samples from 34 dog breeds revealed the EDA:c.458delT-variant to be private for this family. Two heterozygous females showed very mild congenital hypotrichosis but normal dentition. Since the dam is demonstrably the only heterozygous animal in the ancestry of the affected animals, we assume that the EDA:c.458delT-variant arose in the germline of the granddam or in an early embryonic stage of the dam. In conclusion, we detected a very recent de-novo EDA mutation causing X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in the shorthaired standard Dachshund.
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Kupczik K, Cagan A, Brauer S, Fischer MS. The dental phenotype of hairless dogs with FOXI3 haploinsufficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5459. [PMID: 28710361 PMCID: PMC5511229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hairless dog breeds show a form of ectodermal dysplasia characterised by a lack of hair and abnormal tooth morphology. This has been attributed to a semi-dominant 7-base-pair duplication in the first exon of the forkhead box I3 gene (FOXI3) shared by all three breeds. Here, we identified this FOXI3 variant in a historical museum sample of pedigreed hairless dog skulls by using ancient DNA extraction and present the associated dental phenotype. Unlike in the coated wild type dogs, the hairless dogs were characterised in both the mandibular and maxillary dentition by a loss of the permanent canines, premolars and to some extent incisors. In addition, the deciduous fourth premolars and permanent first and second molars consistently lacked the distal and lingual cusps; this resulted in only a single enlarged cusp in the basin-like heel (talonid in lower molars, talon in upper molars). This molar phenotype is also found among several living and fossil carnivorans and the extinct order Creodonta in which it is associated with hypercarnivory. We therefore suggest that FOXI3 may generally be involved in dental (cusp) development within and across mammalian lineages including the hominids which are known to exhibit marked variability in the presence of lingual cusps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Kupczik
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Alexander Cagan
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Silke Brauer
- Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin S Fischer
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Collados J, Rice CA. Diagnostic Imaging in Veterinary Dental Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:1239-1241. [PMID: 28509632 DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.11.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Boy S, Crossley D, Steenkamp G. Developmental Structural Tooth Defects in Dogs - Experience From Veterinary Dental Referral Practice and Review of the Literature. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:9. [PMID: 26904551 PMCID: PMC4744861 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental tooth abnormalities in dogs are uncommon in general veterinary practice but understanding thereof is important for optimal management in order to maintain masticatory function through preservation of the dentition. The purpose of this review is to discuss clinical abnormalities of the enamel and general anatomy of dog teeth encountered in veterinary dental referral practice and described in the literature. More than 900 referral cases are seen annually between the two referral practices. The basis of the pathogenesis, resultant clinical appearance, and the principles of management for each anomaly will be described. Future research should be aimed toward a more detailed analysis of these conditions so rarely described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Boy
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - David Crossley
- Division of Oral Surgery, Animal Medical Centre Referral Services , Manchester , UK
| | - Gerhard Steenkamp
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
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Immunohistochemical expression of CD56 in dog (Canis familiaris) odontogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1577-80. [PMID: 26276269 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of CD56 in dog odontogenesis in order to elucidate the expression found in ameloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of CD56 expression of developing dog teeth in the bud, cap and bell stages including the remnants of the dental lamina. RESULTS Weak CD56 expression was observed in the dental epithelium during the bud stage with intense staining of certain peripheral epithelial cells. Positive staining of epithelial cells was also observed in the cap stage with intense staining of the inner enamel epithelium at this stage. During the bell stage the staining was concentrated on the cervical loop areas. The dental papilla revealed positive staining throughout the cap and bell stages while the dental follicle stained intensely positive throughout all the phases examined. The dental lamina and Serres rests also stained positive for CD56. CONCLUSIONS The expression of CD56 in dog odontogenic tissue varies according to the stage of tooth development. There is a positive correlation between the positive staining observed in ameloblastomas and their odontogenic cells of origin.
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Lefebvre S, Mikkola ML. Ectodysplasin research—Where to next? Semin Immunol 2014; 26:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Wiener DJ, Gurtner C, Panakova L, Mausberg TB, Müller EJ, Drögemüller C, Leeb T, Welle MM. Clinical and histological characterization of hair coat and glandular tissue of Chinese crested dogs. Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:274-e62. [PMID: 23413772 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two varieties exist in the Chinese crested dog breed, namely hairless Chinese crested dogs presenting with hypotrichosis and dentition abnormalities, and the coated powderpuffs. Hairless Chinese crested dogs are obligate heterozygotes for a FOXI3 mutation, and this phenotype is classified as a form of canine ectodermal dysplasia. OBJECTIVES We provide a detailed histological description of hair follicles and their density for the three subphenotypes (true hairless, semi-coated and powderpuffs) of Chinese crested dogs. Apocrine and exocrine glands of the skin and other tissues were compared with findings reported from dogs with X-linked ectodermal dysplasia. ANIMALS Skin biopsies were collected from 22 Chinese crested dogs. Additionally, the glands of the skin and other tissues were examined from another two dogs available for postmortem examination. METHODS Skin biopsies and tissues were processed, stained and evaluated in a blinded fashion. RESULTS Hair follicular anomalies decreased with increasing number of hairs in the different phenotypes. The FOXI3 mutants had only simple primary hair follicles, whereas the nonmutant powderpuffs had compound follicles identical to other dog breeds. All Chinese crested dogs had an anagen-dominated hair cycle. Furthermore, apocrine glands in the skin and respiratory mucous glands of the mutant Chinese crested dogs were present and normal. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We have identified striking histopathological differences between the three subphenotypes of Chinese crested dogs. We clearly demonstrated distinct differences between the canine ectodermal dysplasia in Chinese crested dogs and dogs with X-linked ectodermal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique J Wiener
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Längasstrasse 122, Bern, Switzerland.
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Gargani M, Valentini A, Pariset L. A novel point mutation within the EDA gene causes an exon dropping in mature RNA in Holstein Friesian cattle breed affected by X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:35. [PMID: 21740563 PMCID: PMC3224562 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a disorder characterized by abnormal development of tissues and organs of ectodermal origin caused by mutations in the EDA gene. The bovine EDA gene encodes the ectodysplasin A, a membrane protein expressed in keratinocytes, hair follicles and sweat glands, which is involved in the interactions between cell and cell and/or cell and matrix. Four mutations causing ectodermal dysplasia in cattle have been described so far. Results We identified a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the 9th base of exon 8 in the EDA gene in two calves of Holstein Friesian cattle breed affected by ectodermal dysplasia. This SNP is located in the exonic splicing enhancer (ESEs) recognized by SRp40 protein. As a consequence, the spliceosome machinery is no longer able to recognize the sequence as exonic and causes exon skipping. The mutation determines the deletion of the entire exon (131 bp) in the RNA processing, causing a severe alteration of the protein structure and thus the disease. Conclusion We identified a mutation, never described before, that changes the regulation of alternative splicing in the EDA gene and causes ectodermal dysplasia in cattle. The analysis of the SNP allows the identification of carriers that can transmit the disease to the offspring. This mutation can thus be exploited for a rational and efficient selection of unequivocally healthy cows for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gargani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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