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Abstract
ABSTRACT Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is used to treat condylomata acuminata and works by destabilizing microtubules within epithelial cells, leading to mitotic arrest in metaphase. PPT-induced changes to the epidermis can cause histological findings mimicking dysplasia. Here, we present a case of vulvar condyloma acuminatum treated with PPT, showing ballooning degeneration, necrotic keratinocytes, and mitotic figures. PPT-treated skin may resemble dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma in situ due to dyskeratosis and frequent mitoses; however, the synchronicity of mitotic figures in early phases of mitosis, as well as the absence of cellular pleomorphism and atypical mitotic figures, allows for distinction from malignancy. This case demonstrates the importance of understanding the histological changes caused by PPT to prevent misdiagnosis and potential overtreatment.
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Pasmatzi E, Badavanis G, Kapranos N, Monastirli A, Apostolidou A, Tsambaos D. Condylomata acuminata, Bowenoid papulosis, and squamous cell carcinoma, all positive for human papillomavirus type 16/18 DNA, coexisting in the genital area: a case report. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2021. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2021.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sethi S, Ali A, Ju X, Antonsson A, Logan R, Jamieson L. An update on Heck's disease-a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:269-285. [PMID: 33501985 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested an ethnic association of Heck's disease with a prominent genetic and familial inheritance pattern, but no systematic review has been reported, which has collected all the evidence in one paper. The aim was estimation of the updated age estimates and gender predilection of this disease and also questioning its proposed link to ethnic and geographical factors. METHODS Heck's disease from 1966 until present are tabulated, including various descriptive characteristics. After removal of duplicates and adhering to all the inclusion criteria, we shortlisted 95 case reports. The quality assessment of all included studies has been done following STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. RESULTS We found an age range of 3-92 years (mean: 23.1 years) with a male to female ratio of 3:4. Geographical distribution revealed one of the main findings of this study, which was an increased incidence of Heck's disease in the European region. CONCLUSIONS As already observed and established, there is a much greater prevalence of this disease in the indigenous populations of the world and more research should be encouraged to understand the correct transmission and pattern of spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna Ali
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xiangqun Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Richard Logan
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Said AK, Leao JC, Fedele S, Porter SR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia - an update. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:435-42. [PMID: 23061874 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is an asymptomatic benign mucosal disease, which is mostly observed in specific groups in certain geographical regions. FEH is usually a disease of childhood and adolescence and is generally associated with people who live in poverty and of low socioeconomic status. Clinically, FEH is typically characterized by multiple, painless, soft, sessile papules, plaques or nodules, which may coalesce to give rise to larger lesions. Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially genotypes 13 and 32, have been associated and detected in the majority of FEH lesions. The clinical examination and social history often allow diagnosis, but histopathological examination of lesional tissue is usually required to confirm the exact diagnosis. FEH sometimes resolves spontaneously however, treatment is often indicated as a consequence of aesthetic effects or any interference with occlusion. There remains no specific therapy for FEH, although surgical removal, laser excision or possibly topical antiviral agents may be of benefit. There remains no evidence that FEH is potentially malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Said
- Oral Medicine Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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5
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Mitsuishi T, Iwabu Y, Tokunaga K, Sata T, Kaneko T, Ohara K, Ohsawa I, Oda F, Yamada Y, Kawana S, Ozaki K, Nakatake M, Yamada O. Combined analysis of cell growth and apoptosis-regulating proteins in HPVs associated anogenital tumors. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:118. [PMID: 20346172 PMCID: PMC2868050 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical course of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with Bowenoid papulosis and condyloma acuminatum of anogenital tumors are still unknown. Here we evaluated molecules that are relevant to cellular proliferation and regulation of apoptosis in HPV associated anogenital tumors. Methods We investigated the levels of telomerase activity, and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family (c-IAP1, c-IAP2, XIAP) and c-Myc mRNA expression levels in 20 specimens of Bowenoid papulosis and 36 specimens of condyloma acuminatum in anogenital areas. Overall, phosphorylated (p-) AKT, p-ribosomal protein S6 (S6) and p-4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) expression levels were examined by immunohistochemistry in anogenital tumors both with and without positive telomerase activity. Results Positive telomerase activity was detected in 41.7% of Bowenoid papulosis and 27.3% of condyloma acuminatum compared to normal skin (p < 0.001). In contrast, the expression levels of Bowenoid papulosis indicated that c-IAP1, c-IAP2 and XIAP mRNA were significantly upregulated compared to those in both condyloma acuminatum samples (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.022, respectively) and normal skin (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.034, respectively). Overall, 30% of Bowenoid papulosis with high risk HPV strongly promoted IAPs family and c-Myc but condyloma acuminatum did not significantly activate those genes. Immunohistochemically, p-Akt and p-S6 expressions were associated with positive telomerase activity but not with p-4EBP1 expression. Conclusion Combined analysis of the IAPs family, c-Myc mRNA expression, telomerase activity levels and p-Akt/p-S6 expressions may provide clinically relevant molecular markers in HPV associated anogenital tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Mitsuishi
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
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De Gusmão Nunes M, Azevedo-E-Silva M, Gonçalves CP, Trope BM, Oliveira LDHDS, Ramos-E-Silva M. Human papillomavirus detection and typification in cutaneous and mucosal lesions of HIV-seropositive patients. Int J STD AIDS 2008; 19:611-6. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2007.007224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Summary: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in a lesion is related to an increased chance of neoplasic transformation, especially when with immunosuppression, as in HIV infection. We investigated HPV frequency in cutaneous and mucosal lesions of HIV-seropositive male patients. The frequency of malignancy, its association with the HPV type detected and some clinical variables were also assessed. A total of 38 lesions from 27 patients were studied in a period of 18 months. The biopsied fragment was submitted to HPV detection and typification, through polymerase chain reaction with generic (MY09/11) and specific (types 6, 11, 16 and 18) primers. HPV frequency was 63.2%, with detection of HPV types 6, 11 or 16 in 18 lesions and with multi-infection in three. There was low detection of high-risk HPV (type 16, 18.4%) and no HPV type 18. Of the lesions, 36.8% were already premalignant or malignant, and the frequency of moderate or severe dysplasia was higher in the study patients than that described in the HIV-seronegative population. High-risk HPV (type 16) was detected in four benign lesions and low-risk HPV (type 6) in three premalignant genital lesions. There was no significant association between the clinical variables and an increase in the prevalence of premalignant or malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Gusmão Nunes
- Sector of Dermatology and Post Graduation course in Dermatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Melissa Azevedo-E-Silva
- Sector of Dermatology and Post Graduation course in Dermatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Carolina Pereira Gonçalves
- Sector of Dermatology and Post Graduation course in Dermatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Beatriz Moritz Trope
- Sector of Dermatology and Post Graduation course in Dermatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Marcia Ramos-E-Silva
- Sector of Dermatology and Post Graduation course in Dermatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
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Benevides dos Santos PJ, Borborema dos Santos CM, Rufino Mendonça R, Vieira do Carmo MA, Astofi-Filho S. Human papillomavirus type 13 infecting the conjunctiva. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 53:71-3. [PMID: 15936914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) is a rare infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 13 or 32 believed to infect exclusively oral mucosa. This report illustrates a case of multiple conjunctival papillomas similar to oral FEH caused by HPV-13, consisting in the first description of its infection outside the oral mucosa in a healthy patient.
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Fader DJ, Stoler MH, Anderson TF. Isolated extragenital HPV-thirties-group-positive bowenoid papulosis in an AIDS patient. Br J Dermatol 1994; 131:577-80. [PMID: 7947214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of extragenital bowenoid papulosis in a man with AIDS. The lesions occurred on the anterolateral aspects of the neck, and were not associated with clinical genital or periungual involvement. In situ hybridization demonstrated abundant HPV DNA within the thirties group (31/33/35), in the absence of HPV-16 or -18.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Fader
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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Abstract
Anal tumours represent 5 per cent of anorectal cancers and exist as two clinical entities: tumours of the anal canal and those of the anal margin. Smoking and sexual behaviour, particularly homosexual anal intercourse, are important aetiological factors. This association is related to anal warts and human papillomavirus infection, notably type 16, which is found in around 70 per cent of warts. Symptoms are non-specific and are frequently attributed to benign conditions. Rectal examination reveals a characteristically infiltrating lesion and any suspicious anal area should be biopsied. There are two histological types. Squamous carcinoma comprises approximately 95 per cent of anal tumours and includes the 35 per cent of tumours derived from the anal transition zone (cloacogenic tumours), containing a mixture of squamous and mucinous elements. The remaining 5 per cent of anal tumours are adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell tumours of the anal canal are probably best treated using radiotherapy (with chemotherapy) as complete response rates, 5-year survival rates, and incidences of normal sphincter function and significant toxicity are around 80, 70, 75 and 20 per cent respectively. Treatment failures may be salvaged by surgery. The 5-year survival and local recurrence rates for radical surgery are around 60 and 25 per cent respectively; there are few indications for local excision. In contrast, 60 per cent of anal margin tumours are suitable for local excision, the 5-year survival rate being in excess of 80 per cent. Combining radiotherapy with surgery may give additional benefit. Current randomized controlled trials should further clarify the relative merits and demerits of the treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Deans
- Department of Surgery, Belfast City Hospital, Queen's University of Belfast, UK
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Buchwald C, Franzmann MB, Jacobsen GK, Lindeberg H. The presence of human papillomavirus in sinonasal papillomas, demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction with consensus primers. Hum Pathol 1993; 24:1354-6. [PMID: 8276383 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(93)90270-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal papillomas seems to vary considerably. The highest frequencies have been reported by investigators using in situ DNA or RNA hybridization. Few studies have used polymerase chain reaction, and in these reports the frequency of HPV detection is rather low. We have investigated the presence of HPV in sinonasal papillomas using the polymerase chain reaction with a set of degenerated consensus primers, which amplify the vast majority of the known HPV types. Human papillomavirus was found in three of 14 papillomas. By in situ hybridization the same three papillomas were positive for HPV type 6/11.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark
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Affiliation(s)
- N Francis
- Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Department of Histopathology, London, UK
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Obalek S, Janniger C, Jablonska S, Favre M, Orth G. Sporadic cases of Heck disease in two Polish girls: association with human papillomavirus type 13. Pediatr Dermatol 1993; 10:240-4. [PMID: 8415300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two sporadic cases of Heck disease in Polish girls were associated with human papillomavirus 13. No other children and nobody from their surroundings had similar lesions. The course of the disease was chronic in both patients. The lesions regressed spontaneously in one girl within several years after some of the papules were excised. The second girl's warts persist after eight years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Obalek
- Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland
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13
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Van Ranst M, Fuse A, Fiten P, Beuken E, Pfister H, Burk RD, Opdenakker G. Human papillomavirus type 13 and pygmy chimpanzee papillomavirus type 1: comparison of the genome organizations. Virology 1992; 190:587-96. [PMID: 1325697 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 13(HPV-13) is associated with oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) in humans. A recent epidemic of a FEH-like disease in a pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) colony allowed us to clone a novel papillomavirus genome. To assess the homology between HPV-13 and the pygmy chimpanzee papillomavirus type 1 (PCPV-1), the complete nucleotide sequences of both FEH-related viruses were determined. In both viruses, all eight major open reading frames were located on one strand and the genomic organization was similar to that of other mucosal papillomaviruses. The genomes of PCPV-1 and HPV-13 showed extensive overall sequence homology (85%). They could be classified, using phylogenetic analysis, together with HPV types 6, 11, 43, and 44 in a group associated with benign orogenital lesions. These data indicate that two phylogenetically related papillomaviruses can elicit similar pathology in different primate host species, reflecting viral genomic similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, Belgium
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