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Shen P, Ji S, Li X, Yang Q, Xu B, Wong CKC, Wang L, Li L. LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation Caused mPOA-FSH/LH Disturbance and Impaired Testicular Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886085. [PMID: 35813649 PMCID: PMC9259990 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function is key to the continuation of species and is under sophisticated regulation, challenged by various stressors including inflammation. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection-induced acute systemic inflammation, male fecundity was compromised with decreased testosterone level, damaged spermatogenesis, and downregulations of testicular gene expression levels involved in steroidogenesis regulation and blood-testis barrier. It is also noteworthy that the testis is more sensitive to acute stress caused by LPS-induced systemic inflammation. LPS treatment resulted in lower testicular gene expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1 after LPS treatment, while no such decrease was found in the adrenal gland. In parallel to the significant decreases in testicular intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tight junction protein 1, and gap junction alpha-1 protein gene expression with LPS treatment, no decrease was found in the epididymis. In the brain, LPS treatment caused higher medial preoptic area (mPOA) activation in the hypothalamus, which is accompanied by elevated blood follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, suggesting a disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis function. Besides mPOA, brain c-fos mapping and quantitative analysis demonstrated a broad activation of brain nuclei by LPS, including the anterior cingulate cortex, lateral septum, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, basolateral amygdala, ventral tegmental area, lateral habenular nucleus, locus coeruleus, Barrington's nucleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract, accompanied by abnormal animal behavior. Our data showed that LPS-induced inflammation caused not only local testicular damage but also a systemic disturbance at the brain-testis axis level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilei Shen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Ji
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xulin Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingning Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingxian Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chris Kong Chu Wong, ; Liping Wang, ; Lei Li,
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chris Kong Chu Wong, ; Liping Wang, ; Lei Li,
| | - Lei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chris Kong Chu Wong, ; Liping Wang, ; Lei Li,
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Wienrich BG, Schuppe HC, Schön MP. Expression and putative function of lymphocyte endothelial epithelial-cell adhesion molecule in human testis. Andrologia 2008; 40:252-8. [PMID: 18727736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The testis is an immunologically privileged site where germ cell antigens are protected from autoimmune attack and foreign tissue grafts may survive for extended periods. However, the testicular environment does not preclude inflammatory reactions and tissue-specific recruitment of T lymphocytes appears to be a crucial component of the inflammation cascade. Here, we demonstrate expression of lymphocyte endothelial epithelial-cell adhesion molecule (LEEP-CAM), a putative receptor mediating lymphocyte adhesion to endothelia and some epithelia, in human testis. In all specimens examined, expression of LEEP-CAM could be observed on endothelial cells of testicular blood vessels, including those within the lamina propria of seminiferous tubules. Sections of histologically normal testis showed strong LEEP-CAM expression within the seminiferous epithelium localised to Sertoli cells, whereas immunoreactivity was almost absent in tubules with severely impaired spermatogenesis. In a modified Stamper-Woodruff adhesion assay, binding of activated lymphocytes to normal testicular tissue was reduced by 61% after incubation with anti-LEEP-CAM mAb as compared with controls (P < 0.00001). In conclusion, intratubular LEEP-CAM expression is correlated with normal spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function. In this context, it may contribute to adhesive cell-cell interactions. Moreover, the constitutive expression in human testis could play a role for localisation of T cells during testicular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Wienrich
- Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, and Department of Dermatology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Bols B, Jensen L, Jensen A, Braendstrup O. Immunopathology of in situ seminoma. Int J Exp Pathol 2000; 81:211-7. [PMID: 10971742 PMCID: PMC2517725 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/1999] [Accepted: 03/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study of the seminomatous human testis the composition, activity and apoptosis of lymphocytes infiltrating the immune-privileged seminiferous tubules with in situ seminoma were studied by immunohistochemistry and DNA fragmentation detection. Likewise the lymphocytes infiltrating the invasive seminomas were studied. The study showed equal numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B cells, about 30% of the cells. Very few T gamma/delta and NK cells were present. The activity in terms of IL-2-R, FasL and perforin expression was low. Apoptosis of the lymphocytic cells was limited. No differences were observed between the lymphocytes in seminiferous tubules with in situ seminoma and the lymphocytes in invasive tumours. The study suggests that either specifically committed lymphocytes are not present or, if present, immune-suppressing mechanisms in addition to FasL may be working.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bols
- Department of Pathology, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark
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Abstract
Sixteen seminomas with surrounding tissue containing normal and precancerous (cis) seminiferous tubules were examined for the expression of Fas (CD95, APO-1) and Fas ligand (FasL) (CD95L). This was done by analyzing frozen specimens using immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against Fas and FasL. The study showed that varying numbers (mean approx. 20%) of Fas-positive lymphocytes were present among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but very few FasL-positive lymphocytes. Fas was not expressed by normal seminiferous tubules and only occasional Fas-positive epithelial cells were seen in cis tubules. FasL was expressed in 9 out of 10 cases in virtually all normal seminiferous tubules, mainly as a thin layer at the base of the seminiferous epithelium. In precancerous tubules, this layer was discontinuous and less pronounced. Rete testis expressed FasL in 2 out of 2 cases with rete present and Fas in 1 out of 1 case. Invasive tumor cells did not express Fas or FasL. The data are discussed in relation to immune reactions to seminomas and to the concept of the testis being an immunologically privileged area.
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