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Lima NLB, Sette-de-Souza PH, Siqueira AHCD, Costa SGDA, Alves PVDM, Silvestre FA, Meneses NED, Santiago SL, Peixoto RF. Preemptive use of ibuprofen and desensitizer decreases immediate tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching: A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:304-311. [PMID: 38244017 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors evaluated the synergistic analgesic effect of preemptive administration of 400 mg of ibuprofen (IBU) and potassium fluoride 2% (KF2), both in isolation or combination, on the painful perception of tooth sensitivity after tooth bleaching. METHODS Fifteen patients participated in this triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study used a crossover design for drug administration and a split-mouth design for desensitizer agent. Four paired groups were formed: IBU plus KF2 (IBU + KF2); IBU (IBU + placebo KF); KF2 (placebo IBU + KF2), and placebo (placebo IBU + placebo KF). The outcome measure was the perception of tooth sensitivity, assessed using a visual analog scale. Data were collected at 4 different times: immediately after tooth bleaching (baseline) and after 6, 30, and 54 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test and relative risk. RESULTS IBU plus KF2 was found to be more effective in reducing tooth sensitivity immediately after bleaching (baseline) compared with the placebo group (P < .05). The risk of experiencing moderate or severe tooth sensitivity was approximately 4 times higher in the placebo group than in the IBU plus KF2 group (relative risk, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.01 to 15.81; P = .025). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of 400 mg of IBU and KF2 appears to be beneficial in managing postbleaching tooth sensitivity. It provides a superior analgesic effect compared with placebo. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The preemptive administration of IBU plus KF2 reduces tooth sensitivity after tooth whitening when compared with placebo. This clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The registration number is U1111-1249-8191.
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Zamudio-Santiago J, Ladera-Castañeda M, Santander-Rengifo F, López-Gurreonero C, Cornejo-Pinto A, Echavarría-Gálvez A, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Effect of 16% Carbamide Peroxide and Activated-Charcoal-Based Whitening Toothpaste on Enamel Surface Roughness in Bovine Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010022. [PMID: 36672530 PMCID: PMC9856117 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activated charcoal is a nanocrystalline form of carbon with a large specific surface area and high porosity in the nanometer range, having consequently the capacity to absorb pigments, chromophores, and stains responsible for tooth color change, while carbamide peroxide is unstable and breaks down immediately upon contact with tissue and saliva, first dissociating into hydrogen peroxide and urea and subsequently into oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide and activated-charcoal-based whitening toothpaste on enamel surface roughness in bovine teeth. Materials and Methods: The present experimental in vitro, longitudinal, and prospective study consisted of 60 teeth randomly distributed in six groups: A: artificial saliva, B: conventional toothpaste (Colgate Maximum Protection), C: whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clear), D: 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect 16%), E: 16% carbamide peroxide plus conventional toothpaste (Whiteness Perfect 16% plus Colgate Maximum Protection), and F: 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (Whiteness Perfect 16% plus Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clear). Surface roughness was assessed with a digital roughness meter before and after each treatment. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t test for related samples was used, in addition to the ANOVA test for one intergroup factor, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The surface roughness variation of bovine tooth enamel, before and after application of bleaching agent, was higher in groups of whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (0.200 µm, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.105; 0.296 µm) and 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (0.201 µm, (CI): 0.092; 0.309 µm). In addition, bovine teeth treated with conventional toothpaste (p = 0.041), whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.001), and 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.002) significantly increased their surface roughness values. On the other hand, significant differences were observed when comparing the variation in surface roughness between the application of artificial saliva (control) and the whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.031), and the 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal and in combination with 16% carbamide peroxide significantly increased enamel surface roughness in bovine teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Zamudio-Santiago
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Flor Santander-Rengifo
- Academic Program of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | | | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | | | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
- Correspondence:
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Haywood VB, Sword RJ. Tray bleaching status and insights. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:27-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van B. Haywood
- Restorative Sciences Department Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University Augusta Georgia
| | - Rhoda J. Sword
- Restorative Sciences Department Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University Augusta Georgia
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Sutil E, Silva KL, Terra RMO, Burey A, Rezende M, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Effectiveness and adverse effects of at‐home dental bleaching with37% versus 10%carbamide peroxide: Arandomized,blind clinical trial. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 34:313-321. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisama Sutil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Karine Letícia Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Oleniki Terra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Adrieli Burey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Márcia Rezende
- School of Dentistry School Paulo Picanço Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Alessandra Reis
- School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa Brazil
| | - Alessandro D. Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa Brazil
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Effects of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on the Surface Properties of Glazed Glassy Matrix Ceramics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1864298. [PMID: 32104679 PMCID: PMC7035531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the influence of the home bleaching agent, Opalescence PF, on the surface roughness and microhardness of glazed glassy matrix CAD-CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods. The 28 sintered leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD) were divided into control and bleached groups. The home bleaching agent was applied to specimens of bleached groups for 7 days. The surface roughness and microhardness of all specimens were measured. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface properties. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results The control e.max CAD showed the lowest surface roughness values. For both Empress and e.max CAD, surface roughness was significantly higher for the bleached group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in microhardness were observed. Conclusions According to our study, patients should be careful when using home bleaching agents because whitening agents can affect the mechanical properties of full ceramic restorations like e.max CAD and Empress CAD. Ceramic polishing may be required in clinical situations where ceramic restorations are accidentally exposed to bleaching gels.
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Abstract
Following changes in the EU regulations, it became legal for bleaching to be undertaken by dentists and their trained team. However, restrictions remained on bleaching for patients under the age of 18. A revised position statement by the General Dental Council (GDC) determined that bleaching could be undertaken on these patients if it was wholly for the purpose of treating or preventing disease. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the safety, efficacy, indications and techniques for under-18 bleaching.
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Are combined bleaching techniques better than their sole application? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3673-3689. [PMID: 31468261 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to answer this research question: "Does combined in-office (IO) and at-home (AH) bleaching produce improved color change and lower tooth sensitivity (TS) better than solely AH or IO bleaching in adults?" MATERIAL AND METHODS Randomized controlled trials in adults that compared combined versus sole application bleaching were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Meta-analyses were conducted for color change in shade guide units (∆SGU) and with a spectrophotometer (∆E*), risk, and intensity of TS, using the random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. GRADE assessed the quality of the evidence. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, SIGLE, IADR abstracts, unpublished, ongoing trial registries, dissertations, and theses were searched on August 28, 2017 (updated on January 29, 2019). RESULTS Twelve studies remained. Two were considered to have low RoB. For combined vs. IO bleaching, no significant difference for ∆E*, ∆SGU, and risk of TS were observed; data were not available to analyze the intensity of TS. For combined vs. AH bleaching, no significant difference for ∆E*, ∆SGU, but lower TS to risk (RR 1.40, 95% 1.10 to 1.80) and intensity (MD 1.40, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.63) were detected for AH bleaching. Quality of evidence was graded as low or very low in all meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Lower risk and intensity of TS was observed for the solely AH group without jeopardizing color change. However, more studies are still encouraged due to the low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If clinicians are to choose between combined or sole AH bleaching, the solely AH may be preferable; combined bleaching may potentiate the risk of TS without benefits in color change. For combined or sole IO bleaching, no important clinical difference in color change and risk of TS were detected; however, intensity of TS could not be compared due to lack of data. Further studies should be conducted due to the low/very low quality of the evidence.
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A clinical study assessing the short‐term efficacy of combined in‐office/at‐home whitening treatment. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:140-146. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Eachempati P, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Kiran Kumar Krishanappa S, Gupta P, Yaylali IE. Home-based chemically-induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD006202. [PMID: 30562408 PMCID: PMC6517292 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006202.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increased demand for whiter teeth, home-based bleaching products, either dentist-prescribed or over-the-counter products have been exponentially increasing in the past few decades. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2006. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of home-based tooth whitening products with chemical bleaching action, dispensed by a dentist or over-the-counter. SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 12 June 2018), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 6) in the Cochrane Library (searched 12 June 2018), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 12 June 2018), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 12 June 2018). The US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (12 June 2018) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (12 June 2018) were searched for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA We included in our review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which involved adults who were 18 years and above, and compared dentist-dispensed or over-the-counter tooth whitening (bleaching) products with placebo or other comparable products.Quasi-randomised trials, combination of in-office and home-based treatments, and home-based products having physical removal of stains were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials. Two pairs of review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data, and mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous data, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 71 trials in the review with 26 studies (1398 participants) comparing a bleaching agent to placebo and 51 studies (2382 participants) comparing a bleaching agent to another bleaching agent. Two studies were at low overall risk of bias; two at high overall risk of bias; and the remaining 67 at unclear overall risk of bias.The bleaching agents (carbamide peroxide (CP) gel in tray, hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel in tray, HP strips, CP paint-on gel, HP paint-on gel, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) chewing gum, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) chewing gum, and HP mouthwash) at different concentrations with varying application times whitened teeth compared to placebo over a short time period (from 2 weeks to 6 months), however the certainty of the evidence is low to very low.In trials comparing one bleaching agent to another, concentrations, application method and application times, and duration of use varied widely. Most of the comparisons were reported in single trials with small sample sizes and event rates and certainty of the evidence was assessed as low to very low. Therefore the evidence currently available is insufficient to draw reliable conclusions regarding the superiority of home-based bleaching compositions or any particular method of application or concentration or application time or duration of use.Tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common side effects which were more prevalent with higher concentrations of active agents though the effects were mild and transient. Tooth whitening did not have any effect on oral health-related quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found low to very low-certainty evidence over short time periods to support the effectiveness of home-based chemically-induced bleaching methods compared to placebo for all the outcomes tested.We were unable to draw any conclusions regarding the superiority of home-based bleaching compositions or any particular method of application or concentration or application time or duration of use, as the overall evidence generated was of very low certainty. Well-planned RCTs need to be conducted by standardising methods of application, concentrations, application times, and duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanti Eachempati
- Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka‐Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)Department of ProsthodonticsJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj
- Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka‐Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), ManipalDepartment of Oral Medicine and Oral RadiologyJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Salian Kiran Kumar Krishanappa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka‐Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)Department of ProsthodonticsJalan Batu HamparBukit BaruMelakaMalaysia75150
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Government College of Dentistry, IndorePublic Health Dentistry1 Sardar Patel Marg.Opp M Y HospitalIndoreMadhya PradeshIndia452001
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Chemin K, Rezende M, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Effectiveness of and Dental Sensitivity to At-home Bleaching With 4% and 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: A Randomized, Triple-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2018; 43:232-240. [PMID: 29676979 DOI: 10.2341/16-260-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk for and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change of at-home dental bleaching with 4% and 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP). METHODS For this study, 78 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into two groups: HP 4 (White Class 4%, FGM) and HP 10 (White Class 10%, FGM). In both groups, the at-home bleaching was performed for a period of 30 minutes twice a day for two weeks. The color was assessed by Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER and spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade (Vita Zahnfabrik) at baseline, during bleaching (first and second weeks) and after bleaching (one month). Patients recorded their tooth sensitivity using a numeric rating scale (0-4) and visual analog scale (0-10). Data from color change (DeltaE data) was submitted to two-way analysis of variance. The color change data in Delta SGU from the two shade guide units were compared with the Mann Whitney test. The risk of tooth sensitivity was evaluated by χ2 test and the intensity of tooth sensitivity from both scales was evaluated by a Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). RESULTS The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity was higher in the group that used HP 10 than the one that used HP 4. Data from change in the number of shade guide units and color variation after one month of bleaching for both groups showed significant whitening, with no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS At-home bleaching is effective with 4% and 10% HP concentrations, but 10% HP increased the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity during at-home bleaching.
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de Geus JL, Wambier LM, Boing TF, Loguercio AD, Reis A. At-home Bleaching With 10% vs More Concentrated Carbamide Peroxide Gels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2018; 43:E210-E222. [DOI: 10.2341/17-222-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
To perform a systematic review to answer the following research question: Is at-home bleaching in adults with more concentrated carbamide peroxide (CP) gels as effective and safe as bleaching performed with 10% carbamide peroxide gels?
Methods and Materials:
A comprehensive search was carried out in the MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library and SIGLE, without restrictions. IADR abstracts (1990 to 2016) and unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations and theses (ProQuest Dissertations and Periodicos Capes Theses Databases) were also searched. The risk of bias of the included studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration. We meta-analyzed the data using the random effects model to compare 10% CP and more concentrated CP gels in terms of color change (ΔSGU or ΔE) and risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS). The quality of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach.
Results:
After the database screening, 182 articles remained, and this number was reduced to 17 after examination of the abstracts and/or full texts. Four articles were follow-ups of earlier studies, and thus we collected 13 studies. Ten studies were at unclear risk of bias, while three were at low risk of bias. Lower risk and intensity of TS was observed for 10% CP. The odds ratio for the risk of TS was 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.84, p=0.01), and the difference in means for TS intensity was 0.44 (95% CI 0.67 to −0.20, p=0.0003). No significant difference was observed in terms of color change in ΔSGU (difference in means 0.29; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.83, p=0.29) and for ΔE (difference in means −0.16; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.06, p=0.16). Except from the ΔSGU, for which the evidence was graded as low quality, the other outcomes were considered at moderate quality.
Conclusions:
At-home bleaching with 10% CP showed similar bleaching efficacy with lower risk and intensity of TS in comparison with more concentrated carbamide peroxide gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL de Geus
- Juliana Larocca de Geus, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - LM Wambier
- Letícia Maíra Wambier, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Dental Materials, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - TF Boing
- Thaynara Faelly Boing, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guairacá Faculty, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro Dourado Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Krasniqi TP, Lila-Krasniqi Z, Ajeti N, Shala K, Bicaj T, Dula L. Differences of Tooth Colorimetric Parameters L*a*b* Depended on Age. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:777-780. [PMID: 29104689 PMCID: PMC5661718 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The study aimed to analyse differences in colourimetric parameters L*a*b*, depended on age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study were included 255 subjects with age interval from 20 to 49 years. The subjects were divided into three groups, as follows: in the younger group were 20 to 29 years of age, those in the middle group 30 to 39 years and older group 40 to 49 years. The overall number of analysed teeth in the intercanine sector of the maxilla was 2295. The colour of the teeth was measured using the spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade. RESULTS: The results for differences in the colourimetric parameters in relation with age were tested with Pearson Chi-square (χ2). For χ2 = 572, 87 and df = 124 there was a statistical significant difference between the ages P < 0.001. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that the parameter L* - Lightness was decreasing when age increased. In the age group, 20 to 29 years L* was 83.2, whereas in the older group of this investigation; 40 to 49 years was 79.4. In the youngest group, the parameter a* was - 0.7, whereas with increasing of age this parameter was -0.5. The values for parameter b* from the youngest to the older group were from 21.7 to 23.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuta Pustina Krasniqi
- Rectorate of the University of Prishtina, Vice Rector for Quality Assurance and Development; Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Branch, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Zana Lila-Krasniqi
- Rectorate of the University of Prishtina, Vice Rector for Quality Assurance and Development; Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Branch, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nexhmije Ajeti
- University Clinical Center Prishtina - QKSUK, Endodontic, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Kujtim Shala
- University Clinical Center Prishtina - QKSUK, Prosthodontics, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Teuta Bicaj
- University Clinical Center Prishtina - QKSUK, Prosthodontics, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Linda Dula
- University Clinical Center Prishtina - QKSUK, Prosthodontics, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Greenwall-Cohen J, Greenwall L. Carbamide peroxide and its use in oral hygiene and health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2017.44.9.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Greenwall-Cohen
- University of Manchester School of Dentistry, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M15 6FH
| | - Linda Greenwall
- Specialist in Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Hampstead Dental Specialists, 5 Elm Terrace, Constantine Road, London NW3 2LL, UK
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Carlos NR, Bridi EC, Amaral F, França F, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Efficacy of Home-use Bleaching Agents Delivered in Customized or Prefilled Disposable Trays: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2016; 42:30-40. [PMID: 27723425 DOI: 10.2341/15-315-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate bleaching methods containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP), dispensed in customized or prefilled trays, in terms of color change, tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, acceptance, and comfort. Seventy-five volunteers were randomly selected and distributed according to the whitening agent (n=25): 10% HP dispensed in prefilled trays (Opalescence Go 10%) and 9.5% HP (Pola Day) and 10% CP both delivered in customized trays (Opalescence PF 10%). HP was applied for 30 min/d for 14 days (d), and CP for 8 h/d for 14 days. Evaluations were performed at baseline and at 7 days and 14 days of treatment. Color change was measured with Commission internationale de l'éclairage color coordinates (L*, a*, b*), Vita Classical, and 3D Master scales. A visual analog scale was used to assess tooth sensitivity, acceptance of the method and degree of comfort of the tray. Gingival irritation was evaluated as present or absent and localized or generalized. Regarding gingival irritation, tray acceptance, and tooth sensitivity, no differences were observed among the groups at any time (p>0.05). As for degree of comfort, 10% HP showed lower scores (comfortable) than 10% CP, with significant differences (p<0.05) from the other groups (comfortable to very comfortable). In terms of ΔL, Δa, and ΔE, no difference was observed among the groups or between the time periods (p>0.05). The Δb average was higher at 14 days (p<0.05), and there was no difference among the groups (p>0.05). Localized gingival irritation was observed in both tray methods. Mild tooth sensitivity was observed with time, regardless of the bleaching agent concentration or the application time. Color change was similar for all the groups at 7 days and 14 days, but there was a greater reduction in the yellow hue at 14 days. All the bleaching methods were highly accepted and effective in promoting whitening. Although prefilled trays are generally comfortable, they proved less comfortable than customized trays.
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Bernardon JK, Vieira Martins M, Branco Rauber G, Monteiro Junior S, Baratieri LN. Clinical evaluation of different desensitizing agents in home-bleaching gels. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 115:692-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Cooper JR, Young NB, Haywood VB, Mettenburg D, Callan RS, Rueggeberg FA. Effect of Short-Duration, Localized Carbamide Peroxide Application to Remove Enamel Staining on Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Enamel. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2016; 28:190-6. [PMID: 26936612 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objective Peripheral enamel staining is often noticed after removal of long-term veneer or crown provisional restorations. Application of carbamide peroxide (CP) easily removes the stain, but the potential for immediate bonding with a resin-based cement is questionable. This project tested the short-term, shear bond strength of a commercial, photo-curable, resin cement to bovine enamel after application of a 10% concentration of CP placed for different exposure times. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel was flattened and polished. Surfaces had either no CP application (control), or 10% CP applied for 10, 20, or 30 seconds. Teeth were acid-etched, rinsed, dried, and controlled sized stubs of a commercial resin cement were photocured onto the treated surfaces. The shear bond strength of each specimen was determined using a universal testing machine, and results were compared using an analysis of variance at a preset alpha of 0.5 (n = 10/group). RESULTS No significant differences (p = 0.819) in shear bond strength were found among any CP cleaning treatments or the experimental (nontreated) control. CONCLUSIONS Short-term application of 10% carbamide peroxide prior to acid etching, to remove enamel stains in teeth prepared to receive ceramic veneers or crowns, does not reduce immediate shear bond strength of resin-based cement to enamel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians can confidently apply 10% CP for short-term, localized stain removal on enamel and not be concerned about affecting subsequent bond strength of a resin-based cement to enamel. (J Esthet Restor Dent, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeril R Cooper
- Associate Professor, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Nancy B Young
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Van B Haywood
- Professor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Don Mettenburg
- Dental Research Equipment Technician, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Richard S Callan
- Associate Professor, Chairman, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Fredrick A Rueggeberg
- Professor, Section Director, Dental Materials, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1430 John Wesley Gilbert Dr, GC-3210, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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Bruzell EM, Pallesen U, Thoresen NR, Wallman C, Dahl JE. Side effects of external tooth bleaching: a multi-centre practice-based prospective study. Br Dent J 2013; 215:E17. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Ontiveros JC, Eldiwany MS, Paravina R. Clinical effectiveness and sensitivity with overnight use of 22% carbamide peroxide gel. J Dent 2012; 40 Suppl 2:e17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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BOUSHELL LEEW, RITTER ANDRÉV, GARLAND GLENNE, TIWANA KARENK, SMITH LYNNR, BROOME ANGELA, LEONARD RALPHH. Nightguard Vital Bleaching: Side Effects and Patient Satisfaction 10 to 17 Years Post-Treatment. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2011; 24:211-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2011.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Dawson PFL, Sharif MO, Smith AB, Brunton PA. A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening. Oper Dent 2011; 36:460-6. [DOI: 10.2341/10-159-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p<0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.
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Ourique SAM, Arrais CAG, Cassoni A, Ota-Tsuzuki C, Rodrigues JA. Effects of different concentrations of carbamide peroxide and bleaching periods on the roughness of dental ceramics. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:453-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Meireles SS, Heckmann SS, Santos IS, Della Bona A, Demarco FF. A double blind randomized clinical trial of at-home tooth bleaching using two carbamide peroxide concentrations: 6-month follow-up. J Dent 2008; 36:878-84. [PMID: 18722039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S S Meireles
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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A.M. Sulieman M. An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontol 2000 2008; 48:148-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Uysal T, Sisman A. Can Previously Bleached Teeth Be Bonded Safely Using Self-etching Primer Systems? Angle Orthod 2008; 78:711-5. [PMID: 18302472 DOI: 10.2319/0003-3219(2008)078[0711:cpbtbb]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tancan Uysal
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Meireles SS, Heckmann SS, Leida FL, Santos IS, Bona ÁD, Demarco FF. Efficacy and Safety of 10% and 16% Carbamide Peroxide Tooth-whitening Gels: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2008; 33:606-12. [DOI: 10.2341/07-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
This clinical trial suggests that two carbamide peroxide concentrations, when used once a day for three weeks, were well tolerated by patients and were effective in tooth whitening. Although some tooth sensitivity occurred during treatment, this side effect was mostly mild and transient.
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LEONARD RALPHH, SMITH LYNNR, GARLAND GLENNE, TIWANA KARENK, ZAIDEL LYNETTEA, PUGH GEORGE, LIN NORAC. Evaluation of Side Effects and Patients’ Perceptions during Tooth Bleaching. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2007; 19:355-64; discussion 365-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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