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García-Curiel L, Del Rocío López-Cuellar M, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Chavarría-Hernández N. Toward understanding the signals of bacteriocin production by Streptococcus spp. and their importance in current applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:15. [PMID: 33394178 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have developed quorum sensing (QS) systems to detect small signaling molecules that help to control access to additional nutrients and space in highly competitive polymicrobial niches. Many bacterial processes are QS-regulated; two examples are the highly related traits of the natural genetic competence state and the production of antimicrobial peptides such as bacteriocins. The Streptococcus genus is widely studied for its competence and for its ability to produce bacteriocins, as these antimicrobial peptides have significant potential in the treatment of infections caused by multiple-resistant pathogens, a severe public health issue. The transduction of a two-component system controls competence in streptococci: (1) ComD/E, which controls the competence in the Mitis and Anginosus groups, and (2) ComR/S, which performs the same function in the Bovis, Mutans, Salivarius, and Pyogenic groups. The cell-to-cell communication required for bacteriocin production in the Streptococcus groups is controlled mainly by a paralog of the ComD/E system. The relationships between pheromone signals and induction pathways are related to the bacteriocin production systems. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the understanding of signaling and the induction of bacteriocin biosynthesis by QS regulation in streptococci. This information could aid in the design of better methods for the development and production of these antimicrobial peptides. It could also contribute to the analysis and emerging applications of bacteriocins in terms of their safety, quality, and human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Curiel
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, México
| | - Ma Del Rocío López-Cuellar
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, México.
| | - Adriana Inés Rodríguez-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, México
| | - Norberto Chavarría-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, México
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Bacterial diversity of the Colombian fermented milk "Suero Costeño" assessed by culturing and high-throughput sequencing and DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:129-136. [PMID: 28800820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
"Suero Costeño" (SC) is a traditional soured cream elaborated from raw milk in the Northern-Caribbean coast of Colombia. The natural microbiota that characterizes this popular Colombian fermented milk is unknown, although several culturing studies have previously been attempted. In this work, the microbiota associated with SC from three manufacturers in two regions, "Planeta Rica" (Córdoba) and "Caucasia" (Antioquia), was analysed by means of culturing methods in combination with high-throughput sequencing and DGGE analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The bacterial ecosystem of SC samples was revealed to be composed of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae families; the proportions and genera varying among manufacturers and region of elaboration. Members of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Lactocococcus lactis, Streptococcus infantarius and Streptococcus salivarius characterized this artisanal product. In comparison with culturing, the use of molecular in deep culture-independent techniques provides a more realistic picture of the overall bacterial communities residing in SC. Besides the descriptive purpose, these approaches will facilitate a rational strategy to follow (culture media and growing conditions) for the isolation of indigenous strains that allow standardization in the manufacture of SC.
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Arief II, Budiman C, Jenie BSL, Andreas E, Yuneni A. Plantaricin IIA-1A5 from Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 displays bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:603-13. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plantaricin IIA-1A5 is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 isolated from Indonesian beef. This research aimed to identify the genes involved in plantaricin IIA-1A5 production and examine its mode of action against Staphylococcus aureus. It has been reported that a bacteriocin structural gene, plnW, is present in genome of L. plantarum IIA-1A5. Here, we reported the presence of additional genes responsible for plantaricin precursor (plnA and plnEF) and a gene encoding the quorum sensor of histidine kinase (plnB). It indicates that genes involved in production of plantaricin IIA-1A5 are organized in at least two bacteriocin operons (plnABCD, plnEFI) and a structural plnW gene. Purified plantaricin IIA-1A5 yielded a single band in SDS-PAGE with apparent size of 6.4 kDa. Amino acid composition of purified plantaricin IIA-1A5 was mainly composed of cationic glutamic acid and cysteine that allowed the formation of disulphide bonds, suggesting plantaricin IIA-1A5 belongs to the pediocin-subclass of class II bacteriocins. Plantaricin IIA-1A5 displayed remarkable antibacterial activity against S. aureus, which was initiated by the adsorption of plantaricin IIA-1A5 onto the cell membrane of S. aureus. The adsorption is hypothesised to be facilitated by non-ionic interactions as it is reduced by the presence of organic solvents or detergents. This adsorption promoted leakage of cellular metabolites through the cell membrane of S. aureus, as indicated by the release of genetic and proteinaceous material of S. aureus observed at 260 and 280 nm, respectively. The leakage also promoted the release of divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) and monovalent (K+) cations. The release of these intracellular components might be due to pores formed in the cell membrane of S. aureus by plantaricin IIA-1A5 as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Altogether, the mode of action of plantaricin IIA-1A5 against S. aureus seems to be bactericidal as indicated by lysis of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Isnafia Arief
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - C. Budiman
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Jl. UMS 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - B. Sri Laksmi Jenie
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). P.O. Box 220, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - E. Andreas
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - A. Yuneni
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Agatis, IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Jans C, Meile L, Lacroix C, Stevens MJA. Genomics, evolution, and molecular epidemiology of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 33:419-36. [PMID: 25233845 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is a group of human and animal derived streptococci that are commensals (rumen and gastrointestinal tract), opportunistic pathogens or food fermentation associates. The classification of SBSEC has undergone massive changes and currently comprises 7 (sub)species grouped into four branches based on sequences identities: the Streptococcus gallolyticus, the Streptococcus equinus, the Streptococcus infantarius and the Streptococcus alactolyticus branch. In animals, SBSEC are causative agents for ruminal acidosis, potentially laminitis and infective endocarditis (IE). In humans, a strong association was established between bacteraemia, IE and colorectal cancer. Especially the SBSEC-species S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an emerging pathogen for IE and prosthetic joint infections. S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus and the S. infantarius branch are further associated with biliary and urinary tract infections. Knowledge on pathogenic mechanisms is so far limited to colonization factors such as pili and biofilm formation. Certain strain variants of S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius are associated with traditional dairy and plant-based food fermentations and display traits suggesting safety. However, due to their close relationship to virulent strains, their use in food fermentation has to be critically assessed. Additionally, implementing accurate and up-to-date taxonomy is critical to enable appropriate treatment of patients and risk assessment of species and strains via recently developed multilocus sequence typing schemes to enable comparative global epidemiology. Comparative genomics revealed that SBSEC strains harbour genomics islands (GI) that seem acquired from other streptococci by horizontal gene transfer. In case of virulent strains these GI frequently encode putative virulence factors, in strains from food fermentation the GI encode functions that are pivotal for strain performance during fermentation. Comparative genomics is a powerful tool to identify acquired pathogenic functions, but there is still an urgent need for more physiological and epidemiological data to understand SBSEC-specific traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Meile
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bali V, Panesar PS, Bera MB, Kennedy JF. Bacteriocins: Recent Trends and Potential Applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:817-34. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.729231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jans C, Bugnard J, Njage PMK, Lacroix C, Meile L. Lactic acid bacteria diversity of African raw and fermented camel milk products reveals a highly competitive, potentially health-threatening predominant microflora. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jans C, Lacroix C, Meile L. A novel multiplex PCR/RFLP assay for the identification of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex members from dairy microbial communities based on the 16S rRNA gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 326:144-50. [PMID: 22092382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises pathogenic species associated with different degrees with human infections but also spontaneously fermented dairy products. We aimed therefore at developing a specific identification assay for the SBSEC targeting the 16S rRNA gene comprising a multiplex PCR followed by a differentiating restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The multiplex PCR assay was positively applied on 200 SBSEC isolates including reference strains. The assay did not yield false-positive amplifications with strains of closely related bacteria and isolates of non-SBSEC streptococci, lactococci, enterococci, and other genera of dairy origin. The downstream RFLP using MseI and XbaI enabled further discrimination of Streptococcus infantarius/S. bovis (biotype II.1) from Streptococcus gallolyticus (biotype I and II.2)/Streptococcus alactolyticus and S. equinus. Furthermore, the newly developed primers can be used directly for Sanger sequencing. Conclusively, this novel PCR/RFLP assay is applicable in the complex dairy microbial communities and provides an important tool to assess the prevalence of members of the SBSEC in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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Ortolani MBT, Moraes PM, Perin LM, Viçosa GN, Carvalho KG, Silva Júnior A, Nero LA. Molecular identification of naturally occurring bacteriocinogenic and bacteriocinogenic-like lactic acid bacteria in raw milk and soft cheese. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2880-6. [PMID: 20630205 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are currently used by food industries because of their ability to produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity against gram-positive pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to identify naturally occurring bacteriocinogenic or bacteriocinogenic-like LAB in raw milk and soft cheese and to detect the presence of nisin-coding genes in cultures identified as Lactococcus lactis. Lactic acid bacteria cultures were isolated from 389 raw milk and soft cheese samples and were later characterized for the production of antimicrobial substances against Listeria monocytogenes. Of these, 58 (14.9%) LAB cultures were identified as antagonistic; the nature of this antagonistic activity was then characterized via enzymatic tests to confirm the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial substances. In addition, 20 of these antagonistic cultures were selected and submitted to genetic sequencing; they were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (n=2) and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (n=18). Nisin genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction in 7 of these cultures. The identified bacteriocinogenic and bacteriocinogenic-like cultures were highly variable concerning the production and activity of antimicrobial substances, even when they were genetically similar. The obtained results indicated the need for molecular and phenotypic methodologies to properly characterize bacteriocinogenic LAB, as well as the potential use of these cultures as tools to provide food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B T Ortolani
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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