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Evaluation of protein production in rice seedlings under dark conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7759. [PMID: 35545638 PMCID: PMC9095683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although plants have several advantages for foreign protein production, cultivation of transgenic plants in artificial plant growth facilities involves the use of a great amount of electricity for lightning and air conditioning, reducing cost-effectiveness. Protein production in plants grown in darkness can overcome this problem, but the amount of protein produced in the dark is unknown. In this study, the total amount of soluble protein produced in rice seedlings germinated and grown in light or darkness were examined at several time points after germination and under different temperature, nutritional, and seedling density conditions. Our results indicate that rice seedlings grown in darkness produce a comparable amount of total soluble protein to those grown in light. Furthermore, we found that the best conditions for protein production in dark-grown rice seedlings are large seeds germinated and grown for 10-12 days at 28 °C supplemented with Murashige and Skoog medium and 30 g/l sucrose in dense planting. Therefore, our results suggest that foreign proteins can be produced in rice seedlings in the dark, with a reduced electricity use and an increase in cost-effectiveness.
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Valdez-Miramontes CE, De Haro-Acosta J, Aréchiga-Flores CF, Verdiguel-Fernández L, Rivas-Santiago B. Antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals and their applications in veterinary medicine. Peptides 2021; 142:170576. [PMID: 34033877 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules with a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. These peptides are widely distributed in insects, amphibians and mammals. Indeed, they are key molecules of the innate immune system with remarkable antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Besides, these peptides have also shown regulatory activity for gut microbiota and have been considered inductors of growth performance. The current review describes the updated findings of antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals, such as bovines, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, canines and felines, analyzing the most relevant aspects of their use as potential therapeutics and their applications in Veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Valdez-Miramontes
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Jeny De Haro-Acosta
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - C F Aréchiga-Flores
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - L Verdiguel-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - B Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Kumar R, Ali SA, Singh SK, Bhushan V, Mathur M, Jamwal S, Mohanty AK, Kaushik JK, Kumar S. Antimicrobial Peptides in Farm Animals: An Updated Review on Its Diversity, Function, Modes of Action and Therapeutic Prospects. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040206. [PMID: 33352919 PMCID: PMC7766339 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
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Structural insight into the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptide BMAP-28(1–18) and its analogue mutBMAP18. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:435-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Kang KM, Park JH, Kim SH, Yang SJ. Potential role of host defense antimicrobial peptide resistance in increased virulence of health care-associated MRSA strains of sequence type (ST) 5 versus livestock-associated and community-associated MRSA strains of ST72. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 62:13-18. [PMID: 30711040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The most significant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in Korea is sequence type (ST) 72 with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV (ST72-MRSA-IV). Although the impact of CA-MRSA on the clinical outcomes versus healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA remains unclear, it has recently been revealed that ST5 HA-MRSA-II is associated with higher mortality compared with ST72 CA-MRSA-IV, suggesting higher virulence in ST5 HA-MRSA-II strains. In this investigation, human-/animal-originated ST72-MRSA-IV strains were examined for virulence phenotypes and compared with those of ST5-MRSA-II strains, the established HA-MRSA in Korea. Overall, ST5 HA-MRSA-II strains demonstrated higher levels of resistance to host defense-cationic antimicrobial peptides of human (LL-37), bovine (BMAP-28), and bacterial (polymyxin B) origins versus ST72-MRSA-IV strains via enhanced surface positive charge. Hemolysis profiles, gelatinase activity, and staphylococcal superantigen gene profiles were not different between ST72 CA-MRSA and ST5 HA-MRSA strains. However, ST5 HA-MRSA strains were able to downregulate initial cytokine response in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mi Kang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Kim
- Asian Pacific Foundation for Infectious Disease (APFID), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Guo Y, Xun M, Han J. A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP-28) and its analogs kill pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by interacting with outer membrane protein A (OmpA). Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12832. [PMID: 30334982 PMCID: PMC6211872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit multiple activities against bacteria and fungi. A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP-28) belongs to the cathelicidin-derived AMPs and has antimicrobial activity. Due to the rapidly increasing number of infections and outbreaks caused by pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB), we sought to determine whether BMAP-28 and its 4 analog peptides (A837, A838, A839, and A840) have antimicrobial activity against PDRAB. Furthermore, we clarified the possible mechanism of inhibition by which of BMAP-28 acts against PDRAB. In the current study, we examined the inhibitory effect of BMAP-28 and its 4 analog peptides on the growth of PDRAB through minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis and short time killing assays. We also evaluated the effects of BMAP-28 and its analogs on the bacterial cell surface through the use of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In order to determine the inhibitory mechanism of BMAP-28, we examined the interaction between BMAP-28 and outer membrane proteins (OMPs), especially the interaction between BMAP-28 and A. baumannii OmpA (AbOmpA), which is the main component of OMPs, by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). BMAP-28 and its 4 analogs were effective in inhibiting the growth of PDRAB and had rapid killing ability. BMAP-28 showed exceptionally strong and rapid inhibitory effects on PDRAB when compared to the other peptides and was also shown to cause damage to the cell surface of PDRAB. Moreover, QCM analysis provided evidence of potential interaction between BMAP-28 and AbOmpA. These data indicate that BMAP-28 is a promising candidate for the treatment of PDRAB infections and that its inhibitory effects were related with its binding to AbOmpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology
| | - Meng Xun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
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7
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Young-Speirs M, Drouin D, Cavalcante PA, Barkema HW, Cobo ER. Host defense cathelicidins in cattle: types, production, bioactive functions and potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:813-821. [PMID: 29476808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are a primitive class of host defense peptides and are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. These small, cationic, proteolytically-activated peptides are diverse in structure, encompassing a wide range of activities on host immune and inflammatory cell responses. The dual capacity of cathelicidins to directly control infection and regulate host defenses highlights the potential use of these peptides as alternatives to antibiotics and immunomodulators. Cathelicidins are found in many mammalian species; this review focuses on bovine cathelicidins. Eight naturally and two synthetically occurring bovine cathelicidins are described in detail, with a focus on recent advances in their expression, location and biological roles. This review also presents an overview of the bioactive functions of cathelicidins in bovine mastitis, a disease causing economic losses in cattle dairy production. Comparison of the structural, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanistic properties of bovine cathelicidins advances the knowledge needed for the development of these peptides as potential identifiers of infectious diseases (e.g., bovine mastitis) and as novel therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Young-Speirs
- Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique Drouin
- Bachelor of Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paloma Araujo Cavalcante
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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D'Este F, Oro D, Boix-Lemonche G, Tossi A, Skerlavaj B. Evaluation of free or anchored antimicrobial peptides as candidates for the prevention of orthopaedic device-related infections. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:777-789. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medicine; University of Udine; P.le Kolbe 4 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Debora Oro
- Department of Medicine; University of Udine; P.le Kolbe 4 33100 Udine Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; Via Giorgieri 5 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Barbara Skerlavaj
- Department of Medicine; University of Udine; P.le Kolbe 4 33100 Udine Italy
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Blower
- a School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Serguei G Popov
- a School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Monique L van Hoek
- a School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
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Guo YJ, Zhang B, Feng XS, Ren HX, Xu JR. Human cathelicidin LL-37 enhance the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:101. [PMID: 27659310 PMCID: PMC5034579 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans forms biofilms as a resistance mechanism against antimicrobial agents in the human oral cavity. We recently showed that human cathelicidin LL-37 exhibits inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of S. mutans through interaction with lipoteichoic acid (LTA), but without antibacterial or biofilm dispersal abilities. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant constituent of tea catechins that has the greatest anti-infective potential to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms and biofilm formation. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether LL-37 interacts with EGCG to enhance the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on S. mutans biofilm formation. METHODS Clinical S. mutans strains (n = 10) isolated from children's saliva were tested in a biofilm formation assay. The antibiofilm effect of EGCG with and without LL-37 was analyzed by the minimum biofilm eradication concentration assay and confirmed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the interaction among EGCG, LL-37, and LTA of S. mutans was determined using quartz crystal microbalance analysis. RESULTS EGCG killed 100 % of planktonic S. mutans within 5 h, inhibited biofilm formation within 24 h, and reduced bacteria cells in preformed biofilms within 3 h at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. However, EGCG did not appear to interact with LTA. LL-37 effectively enhanced the bactericidal activity of EGCG against biofilm formation and preformed biofilms as determined by quantitative crystal violet staining and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, quartz crystal microbalance analysis revealed that LL-37 interacted with EGCG and promoted binding between EGCG and LTA of S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS We show that LL-37 enhances the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on S. mutans. This finding provides new knowledge for dental treatment by using LL-37 as a potential antibiofilm compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.,Clinical Laboratory, AnKang City Central Hospital, Jinzhou South Road No.85, AnKang, 725000, ShaanXi, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China
| | - Hui-Xun Ren
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China
| | - Ji-Ru Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.
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11
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Miyoshi N, Isogai E, Hiramatsu K, Sasaki T. Activity of tick antimicrobial peptide from Ixodes persulcatus (persulcatusin) against cell membranes of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 70:142-146. [PMID: 27531221 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Persulcatusin (IP), which is an antimicrobial peptide found in Ixodes persulcatus midgut, is active against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Multidrug-resistant bacteria in particular methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) are a worldwide clinical concern. In the present study, to explore the potential of IP as a new agent against multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of IP against multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains by MIC90, morphological observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the calcein leakage assay of membrane integrity. Among the six antimicrobial peptides used in this study, IP exhibited the lowest MIC90 values for both vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus strains. The IP MIC90 against a VISA strain was equivalent to vancomycin, while the MIC90 against VRSA was relatively low. SEM observations indicated that bacterial cells exposed to IP were crumpled and showed prominent structural changes. Moreover, IP influenced the cell membranes of both MRSA and VRSA in a mere 5 min, leading to leakage of the preloaded calcein. Although a VISA strain was resistant to the action of IP on cell membrane, the MIC90 of IP was lower than that of Nisin, suggesting that IP had another bactericidal mechanism in addition to cell membrane attack. Our results indicate that the synthetic tick antimicrobial peptide, IP exhibits strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains, including VRSA, via both cell membrane attack and another unknown mechanism. IP represents a promising candidate for a new anti-VRSA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhide Miyoshi
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Miyoshi N, Saito T, Ohmura T, Kuroda K, Suita K, Ihara K, Isogai E. Functional structure and antimicrobial activity of persulcatusin, an antimicrobial peptide from the hard tick Ixodes persulcatus. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:85. [PMID: 26873587 PMCID: PMC4752739 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered promising candidates for the development of novel anti-infective agents. In arthropods such as ticks, AMPs form the first line of defense against pathogens in the innate immune response. Persulcatusin (IP) was found in the Ixodes persulcatus midgut, and its amino acid sequence was reported. However, the complete structure of IP has not been identified. We evaluated the relation between structural features and antimicrobial activity of IP, and its potential as a new anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agent. Methods The structure of IP was predicted using homology modeling and molecular dynamics. IP and other tick AMPs were synthesized using a solid-phase method and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA were used for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and short-time killing assay of IP and other tick peptides. The influence of IP on mammalian fibroblasts and colon epithelial cells and each cell DNA and its hemolytic activity towards human erythrocytes were also examined. Results In the predicted IP structure, the structure with an S-S bond was more stable than that without an S-S bond. The MIC after 24 h of incubation with IP was 0.156–1.25 μg/mL for MSSA and 0.625–2.5 μg/mL for MRSA. Compared with the mammalian antimicrobial peptide and other tick peptides, IP was highly effective against MRSA. Moreover, IP showed a dose-dependent bactericidal effect on both MSSA and MRSA after 1 h of incubation. IP had no observable effect on mammalian cell growth or morphology, on each cell DNA and on human erythrocytes. Conclusions We predicted the three-dimensional structure of IP and found that the structural integrity was maintained by three S-S bonds, which were energetically important for the stability and for forming α helix and β sheet. IP has cationic and amphipathic properties, which might be related to its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of IP against MRSA was stronger than that of other antimicrobial peptides without apparent damage to mammalian and human cells, demonstrating its possible application as a new anti-MRSA medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhide Miyoshi
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Dassault Systemes Biovia K.K, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Kengo Kuroda
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Suita
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ihara
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
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13
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Blodkamp S, Kadlec K, Gutsmann T, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Schwarz S. In vitro activity of human and animal cathelicidins against livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Microbiol 2015; 194:107-111. [PMID: 26453316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen. An emerging problem in treating S. aureus infections is the increasing resistance against antibiotics. A possible way to overcome this issue is to boost the host immune system and one target are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), especially cathelicidins. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial activity of cathelicidins from different animal species against LA-MRSA and to reveal whether major antimicrobial resistance mechanisms influence the bactericidal activity of these peptides. The MICs of 153 LA-MRSA field isolates for different cathelicidins (LL-37, mCRAMP, CAP18, BMAP-27 and BMAP-28) were analysed. The cathelicidin MICs of S. aureus RN4220 and isogenic transformants, that carried 14 functionally active antimicrobial resistance genes, were determined. These resistance genes have been identified in LA-MRSA and specify the resistance mechanisms active efflux, enzymatic inactivation and modification/protection/replacement of target sites. The data showed that mode MIC values for the cathelicidins did not differ among the LA-MRSA isolates of different animal origin. However, distinct differences were detected between the MIC values for the different cathelicidins. MIC values were lowest for bovine cathelicidins (BMAP-27 and BMAP-28) and highest for the human and mouse cathelicidins (LL-37 and mCRAMP). None of the tested antimicrobial resistance genes affected the antimicrobial activity of the cathelicidins. The findings obtained in this study support the hypothesis that cathelicidins might be a promising target to support the host defense against LA-MRSA, especially since the antimicrobial activity of these peptides is not affected by common staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Blodkamp
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Research group Biophysics, Research Centre Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
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14
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Takagi S, Bai L, Ozeki T, Miyagi H, Kuroda K, Hayashi S, Yoneyama H, Ando T, Isogai E. A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP-28) kills methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusbut promotes adherence of the bacteria. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:342-6. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiaki Takagi
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Lanlan Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | | | - Hikaru Miyagi
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Kengo Kuroda
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Shunji Hayashi
- Division of Bacteriology; Department of Infection & Immunity; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Tasuke Ando
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology; Department of Microbial Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
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Takagi S, Nishimura J, Bai L, Miyagi H, Kuroda K, Hayashi S, Yoneyama H, Ando T, Isogai H, Isogai E. Susceptibility difference between methicillin‐susceptible and methicillin‐resistant
S
taphylococcus aureus
to a bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (
BMAP
‐28). Anim Sci J 2013; 85:174-9. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiaki Takagi
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Junko Nishimura
- Technical Division Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Lanlan Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Hikaru Miyagi
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kengo Kuroda
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Shunji Hayashi
- Division of Bacteriology Department of Infection & Immunity Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Tasuke Ando
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Hiroshi Isogai
- Division of Animal Experimentation Sapporo Medical University Sapporo Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Laboratory of Animal Microbiology Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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