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Hebel M, Panek WK, Ruszkowski JJ, Nabzdyk M, Niedzielski D, Pituch KC, Jackson AM, Kiełbowicz M, Pomorska-Mól M. Computed tomography findings in a cohort of 169 dogs with elbow dysplasia - a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:296. [PMID: 34488762 PMCID: PMC8419939 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine elbow dysplasia (CED) is a complex developmental skeletal disorder associated with a number of pathological conditions within the cubital joint. Because CED is a heritable disease, it is important to identify and remove the affected animals from breeding. The first objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) without (MCD) or with (FMCP) fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis (OC) and/or osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), ununited anconeal process (UAP), radio-ulnar incongruence (INC R-U) and humero-ulnar incongruence (INC H-U) in dogs with the use of CT imaging. The second aim was to determine the influence of demographics on the prevalence of investigated pathologies in dogs with clinical evidence of elbow dysplasia. Results In this retrospective study, CT data records of 169 dogs of different breeds presented to the small animal veterinary clinic from 2012 to 2018 were included. 69.23% of dogs diagnosed with CED were young (≤ 2 years old). The mean age of dogs presented with INC R-U was 1.68 ± 1.82 years, while in dogs without INC R-U the mean age was 2.64 ± 2.59 years. The mean age of dogs with INC H-U was 1.94 ± 2.06 years, while without INC H-U 3.29 ± 2.09 years. Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd and Bernese Mountain dogs were most frequently presented with CED-associated lameness. In 122 dogs OA of varying severity was found. Conclusion INC H-U, FMCP and MCD were among the most frequently found components of CED found in the present study. OCD and UAP were the least frequently diagnosed. Dogs presented with INC R-U and INC H-U were significantly younger than dogs without these CED components. Boxers, Dog de Bordeaux, American Staffordshire terriers and mixed-breed dogs were diagnosed later in life than the other breeds. OA of varying severity was found in 72.18% of dogs. Males accounted for more than 75% of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Hebel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Jakub J Ruszkowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland. .,University Centre for Veterinary Medicine, Szydłowska 43, 60-656, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Nabzdyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Niedzielski
- Small Animal Veterinary Clinic, Klinika Psa i Kota, ul. Bolesława Krzywoustego 105/21, 51-166, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Med, 676 N St. Clair, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Aaron M Jackson
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Medvet Chicago, 3123 N. Clybourn Ave, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - Maciej Kiełbowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wołyńska 35, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
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Ley CJ, Leijon A, Uhlhorn M, Marcelino L, Hansson K, Ley C. Computed tomography is superior to radiography for detection of feline elbow osteoarthritis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:6-17. [PMID: 34365276 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is common in cats and radiography is typically used for diagnosis. However computed tomography (CT), with its multiplanar three-dimensional characteristics, could have significant advantages for assessment of OA compared to radiography, particularly early in the disease process. The study objectives were to compare radiography and CT to histologic OA changes, investigate the stage of OA that radiography and CT detect, and search for specific changes in CT images strongly predictive for feline elbow OA. Right elbows from 29 cats were evaluated by radiography and CT, and articular cartilage lesions graded histologically and macroscopically. Three further joints were sampled to specifically evaluate the morphology of the anconeal process. Macroscopic, radiographic and CT OA diagnosis were compared to the reference standard histologic OA that was divided into mild, moderate and severe. Osteophytic spurs on the lateral margin of the anconeal process could be reliably measured in CT images (intra-class correlation 0.79) and when ≥0.5 mm had high sensitivity for moderate/severe histologic OA, moderate sensitivity for mild histologic OA and high specificity for all stages of OA. In moderate/severe histologic OA both radiography and CT subjective OA diagnosis had moderate to very high sensitivity. However, in mild histologic OA CT grading had low sensitivity and radiography did not detect OA. In conclusion, CT of the feline elbow including measurement of osteophytes on the anconeal process lateral margin is superior to radiography for OA detection and should be considered for OA diagnosis, particularly when mild OA changes are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden..
| | - Alexandra Leijon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Uhlhorn
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leticia Marcelino
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Ley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Válega A, Alves-Pimenta S, McEvoy FJ, Nielsen DH, Ginja M. Digital Analysis of Subtrochlear Sclerosis in Elbows Submitted for Dysplasia Screening. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664532. [PMID: 34055952 PMCID: PMC8149609 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulnar trochlear notch (UTN) subchondral bone sclerosis is observed in elbow dysplasia (ED) associated with the medial coronoid disease. However, its evaluation is based on a simple visual examiner assessment of bone radio-opacity level and is considered subjective. The purpose of this study was to objectively characterize the radiographic opacity of the ulnar trochlear notch (UTN) subchondral bone in mediolateral elbow projections classified, using the International Elbow Working Group guidelines. Records and mediolateral flexed elbow images from the Danish Kennel Club database for the ED screening scheme between 2012 and 2018 were available. Of the dogs in the database, those with an ED-negative status in the left limb were identified. From these, 20 dogs each having a status free from ED, or with Grade 1, 2, or 3 in the right limb, were randomly chosen. Joints with primary ununited anconeal process were excluded from the sample. A template was developed using the ImageJ software, for computer UTN sclerosis analysis. It was overlaid onto each image to define five regions of interest (ROIs): ROI-1, distal UTN; ROI-2, middle UTN; ROI-3, caudal UTN; ROI-4, cortical bone; and ROI-5, bone marrow. Mean pixel intensity for each UTN ROI was divided by the mean pixel intensity of ROI-4 to normalize the data. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the normalized pixel intensity in the disease joints (ED Grades 1, 2, and 3) was 1.18 ± 0.17, 1.03 ± 0.12, and 0.92 ± 0.09 for ROIs 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The corresponding values for the contralateral normal left joints were 1.16 ± 0.17, 1.01 ± 0.1, and 0.91 ± 0.08. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the normalized mean pixel intensity in dysplastic vs. non-dysplastic elbow joints for ROIs 1 and 2. The raw mean pixel intensity from right and left cortical and marrow bone ROIs sometimes showed relatively large differences. Digital radiography is associated with exposure and post-processing variabilities. Differences in apparent radio-opacity (as indicated by pixel intensity) though statistically significant in dysplastic joints compared with contralateral normal joints are slight and are thus problematic for computer-aided assessments of UTN sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Válega
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fintan J McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte H Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Mostafa A, Nolte I, Wefstaedt P. The prevalence of medial coronoid process disease is high in lame large breed dogs and quantitative radiographic assessments contribute to the diagnosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:516-528. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mostafa
- Small Animal Hospital; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Hospital; University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation; Hannover Germany
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Computerized measurements of radiographic anatomical parameters of the elbow joint in Bernese Mountain Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 25:250-61. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-11-06-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: Comparison of two methods for evaluation of anatomical parameters of elbow joints in Bernese Mountain Dogs.Study design: Radiographic analysis.Animals: Nine hundred and thirty-one radiographs of elbow joints from 305 Bernese Mountain Dogs.Material and methods: The angles OL, PA, RA and UL were measured according to the Mues method and the Radius of the humeral condyle, Opening angle beta, Quotient Q and Ae, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 according to the Viehmann method. The radiographs were divided according to their angle of flexion into five groups: 0–30°, 31–60°, 61–90°, 91–120° and >120°. The difference and the correlation between measured values and the elbow dysplasia (ED) score was calculated and compared.Results: The average values of angle OL, PA and RA, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 were significantly different within the different elbow flexion angle groups. The values of Opening angle beta, Quotients Q and Ae as well as Radius of the humeral condyle varied independently from the degree of the elbow flexion on the radiograph. The angles OL, PA and RA and the Radius of the humeral condyle, the Opening angle beta, the Quotients Q and Ae, Step 1 and Step 2 correlated with the ED score.Conclusion: In contrast to the method of Mues, the majority of the measured parameters of the method of Viehmann were not influenced by the degree of flexion of the elbow joint and correlated with the ED score. Clinical relevance: The method of Viehmann warrants consideration for the evaluation of radiographs of elbow joints in the Bernese Mountain Dog for ED.This article is based on a study first reported in S. Stein's doctoral thesis, which was presented on 08.05.2007 and published thereafter in full by Mensch & Buch Verlag. This abridged and translated version is now being published with the kind permission of Mensch & Buch Verlag.
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Kirberger RM. Phenotypic hip and elbow dysplasia trends in Rottweilers and Labrador retrievers in South Africa (2007-2015): Are we making progress? J S Afr Vet Assoc 2017; 88:e1-e10. [PMID: 29227139 PMCID: PMC6138064 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v88i0.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip and elbow dysplasia are major orthopaedic problems prevalent the world over, and South Africa is no exception. Hip and elbow dysplasia phenotypic status is certified by a number of different radiographic schemes in the world. South Africa uses the Fédération Cynologique Internationale system to certify hips, and the International Elbow Working Group scheme to certify elbows. One way of reducing these often crippling conditions is by selective breeding using only dogs with no or marginal dysplastic joints. In South Africa, only seven breeds, including the Rottweiler, have breeding restrictions for hip dysplasia. There are no such restrictions for elbow dysplasia. This study assessed the prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia over a 9-year-period in the Rottweiler and the Labrador retriever in South Africa as evaluated by official national scrutineers. Records from 1148 Rottweilers and 909 Labrador retrievers were obtained and were graded as normal or dysplastic, and numerical values were also evaluated. Data were compared between the two breeds, males and females as well as over time and were compared with similar data of the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals in the United States. The prevalence values for hip dysplasia in Rottweilers and Labrador retrievers were 22% and 31%, respectively, whereas for elbow dysplasia the values were 39% and 19%, respectively. In Labrador retrievers, this incidence was much higher than in the American population. Rottweiler hip and elbow dysplasia numerical scores significantly improved over time, whereas in Labrador retrievers, only hip dysplasia showed a minor but significant improvement. This study proved that prescribing minimum breeding requirements, as in the Rottweiler in this study, significantly improved the breeding stock, suggesting that minimum hip and elbow breeding requirements should be initiated for all breeds at risk of these often crippling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kirberger
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria.
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7
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Sendyk-Grunkraut A, Martín CM, Souza AN, Patrício GCF, Lorigados CA, Matera JM, Fonseca-Pinto AC. Avaliação morfológica e morfométrica da articulação umerorradioulnar em cães através de exames radiográficos e por tomografia computadorizada. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar de forma detalhada dados morfológicos e morfométricos da articulação umerorradioulnar de cães de raça definida avaliados por meio de exames físicos, radiográficos e tomográficos. A amostra dessa pesquisa constituiu-se de 44 cotovelos de cães com idades variadas. Para análise de informações obtidas, o coeficiente kappa e de correlação interclasse e associação foram realizados. Constatou-se que o desempenho individual de cada projeção radiográfica teve pobre concordância com o exame tomográfico; não houve concordância entre os observadores para as mensurações do ângulo da incisura ulnar ao exame radiográfico e tomográfico. Porém houve boa/moderada concordância para mensuração da incongruência radioulnar no plano sagital entre os observadores. Concluiu-se que nenhuma das cinco incidências radiográficas foi superior para análise radiográfica, uma vez que cada projeção apresentou melhor identificação de um compartimento do cotovelo. Medidas ao exame tomográfico para incongruência radioulnar não apresentaram reprodutibilidade no plano de reconstrução frontal, entretanto no corte sagital apresentaram boa e moderada concordância entre os observadores e que a mensuração do ângulo da incisura ulnar não apresentou repetibilidade ao exame radiográfico e nem reprodutibilidade ao exame tomográfico. Esses resultados contribuem para melhor utilização de cada exame de acordo com a região a ser avaliada bem como ressaltam a necessidade da somatória de múltiplos exames de imagem para a correta avaliação desta afecção.
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Bone density of elbow joints in Labrador retrievers and Golden retrievers: Comparison of healthy joints and joints with medial coronoid disease. Vet J 2016; 216:1-7. [PMID: 27687919 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the inter-observer repeatability of particular regions of the canine elbow joints; (2) to assess the effect of age, bodyweight and breed on bone density in healthy young dogs; (3) to compare Hounsfield units (HU) and bone density (BD) measurements between normal elbow joints and diseased elbow joints; and (4) to determine the sensitivity and specificity for HU and BD measurements in specific regions in the canine elbow joint. Regions with the highest repeatability were located at the medial coronoid process (MCP) base and apex, and at the level of the humerus, on the sagittal and sagittal oblique planes of the elbow joint. Age and breed were significantly associated with several regions of interest; conversely, none of the measurements were associated with bodyweight. Increased HU and BD values in the MCP base and apex regions are likely to be related to medial coronoid disease. Labrador retrievers had higher HU and BD values than Golden retrievers and an increase in BD was found in older animals. Cut-offs determined with receiver operating characteristic plots of the MCP base and apex suggested fairly good sensitivity and specificity (base: area under the curve 0.85, sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 88.8%; apex: area under the curve 0.89, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 92.5%).
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Ballegeer EA. Computed Tomography of the Musculoskeletal System. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 46:373-420, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Villamonte-Chevalier A, van Bree H, Broeckx B, Dingemanse W, Soler M, Van Ryssen B, Gielen I. Assessment of medial coronoid disease in 180 canine lame elbow joints: a sensitivity and specificity comparison of radiographic, computed tomographic and arthroscopic findings. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:243. [PMID: 26407863 PMCID: PMC4582713 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic imaging is essential to assess the lame patient; lesions of the elbow joint have traditionally been evaluated radiographically, however computed tomography (CT) has been suggested as a useful technique to diagnose various elbow pathologies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CT to assess medial coronoid disease (MCD), using arthroscopy as gold standard. The secondary objective was to ascertain the radiographic sensitivity and specificity for MCD compared with CT. Methods For this study 180 elbow joints were assessed, of which 141 had been examined with radiography, CT and arthroscopy; and 39 joints, had radiographic and CT assessment. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for CT and radiographic findings using available statistical software. Results Sensitivity and specificity of CT using arthroscopy as gold standard resulted in high values for sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (93 %) for the assessment of MCD. For the radiographic evaluation, a sensitivity of 98 % and specificity of 64 - 69 % using CT as the technique of reference, were found. Discussion These results suggest that in case of doubt during radiographic assessment, CT could be used as a non-invasive technique to assess the presence of MCD. Conclusion Based on the high sensitivity and specificity obtained in this study it has been considered that CT, rather than arthroscopy, is the preferred noninvasive technique to assess MCD lesions of the canine elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H van Bree
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bjg Broeckx
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - W Dingemanse
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Soler
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - B Van Ryssen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Lau SF, Theyse LF, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HA. Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, and Arthroscopic Findings in Labrador Retrievers With Medial Coronoid Disease. Vet Surg 2014; 44:511-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seng Fong Lau
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lars F.H. Theyse
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - George Voorhout
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Herman A.W. Hazewinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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12
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Kunst CM, Pease AP, Nelson NC, Habing G, Ballegeer EA. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF DYSPLASIA AND PROGRESSION OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOG ELBOWS PREVIOUSLY ASSIGNED OFA GRADES 0 AND 1. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55:511-20. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony P. Pease
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48823
| | | | - Greg Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine; Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210
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Lappalainen AK, Mölsä S, Liman A, Snellman M, Laitinen-Vapaavuori O. Evaluation of accuracy of the Finnish elbow dysplasia screening protocol in Labrador retrievers. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:195-200. [PMID: 23496102 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the current Finnish screening method using a single flexed mediolateral view as scored by osteophyte is sufficient to diagnose mild elbow dysplasia in Labrador retrievers and to determine if an additional craniocaudal oblique projection would result in improvement in the screening protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen dogs with one mildly affected elbow joint and one elbow joint without radiological evidence of osteophytes were studied. Radiographic and computed tomography studies were performed and the results compared with each other. RESULTS Medial compartment disease was observed in 14 of 26 joints based on computed tomography. The sensitivity and specificity of the grading based mainly on osteoarthritis was 79 and 92%, respectively. A strong association existed between elbow dysplasia based on computed tomography and medial humeral epicondylar osteophytes on the craniocaudal projection. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A single mediolateral flexed radiograph is reliable in diagnosing mild elbow dysplasia in Labrador retrievers. However, the craniocaudal oblique projection increases the specificity of the diagnosis, and it is proposed that it be included in the radiographic protocol in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lappalainen
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Fitzpatrick N, Caron A, Solano MA. Bi-Oblique Dynamic Proximal Ulnar Osteotomy in Dogs: Reconstructed Computed Tomographic Assessment of Radioulnar Congruence over 12 weeks. Vet Surg 2013; 42:727-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd; Eashing, Godalming; United Kingdom
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Maddox TW, May C, Keeley BJ, McConnell JF. COMPARISON BETWEEN SHOULDER COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN 89 DOGS PRESENTED FOR THORACIC LIMB LAMENESS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:358-364. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Maddox
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool; CH64 7TE UK
| | - Chris May
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool; CH64 7TE UK
| | - Benjamin J. Keeley
- Department of Northwest Surgeons; Delamere House; Ashville Point Sutton Weaver Cheshire WA7 3FW UK
| | - J. Fraser McConnell
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool; CH64 7TE UK
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