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Zdora I, Raue J, Söbbeler F, Tipold A, Baumgärtner W, Nessler JN. Case report: Lympho-histiocytic meningoencephalitis with central nervous system vasculitis of unknown origin in three dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944867. [PMID: 36090171 PMCID: PMC9449415 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is an umbrella term for a variety of subtypes of meningoencephalitis of dogs and cats with no identifiable infectious agent. In dogs, granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME), necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), and necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE) are the most commonly reported subtypes. However, sporadically there are reports about other subtypes such as greyhound encephalitis or eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. The following case series presents three dogs with peracute to acute progressive signs of encephalopathy. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of two dogs (post mortem n = 1/2) showed severe, diffuse swelling of the cortical gray matter with increased signal intensity in T2weighted (w) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and decreased signal intensity in T1w. Additionally, focal to multifocal areas with signal void in both dogs and caudal transforaminal herniation of the cerebellum in one dog was observed. Post mortem histopathological examination revealed lympho-histiocytic encephalitis and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis in all dogs. No infectious agents were detectable by histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin stain), periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS), Ziehl-Neelsen stain and immunohistochemistry for Canine adenovirus-1, Parvovirus, Listeria monocytogenes, Parainfluenzavirus, Toxoplasma gondii, Herpes-suis virus, Pan-Morbillivirus, Tick born encephalitis virus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 2. Furthermore, two dogs were tested negative for rabies virus. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a lympho-histiocytic encephalitis with CNS vasculitis with no identifiable infectious agent. It is suggested to consider this as an additional subtype of MUO with severe clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonathan Raue
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franz Söbbeler
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center of Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Nicole Nessler
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jasmin Nicole Nessler
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Albertini GM, Stabile F, Yaffy D, Suárez‐Bonnet A, Uriarte A. Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and histological lesions in a case of meningoencephalomyelitis secondary to
Neospora caninum
infection in a greyhound. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Stabile
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department Southfields Veterinary Specialists Southfields UK
| | - Dylan Yaffy
- Pathobiology & Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | | | - Ane Uriarte
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department Southfields Veterinary Specialists Southfields UK
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Li WT, Wu CC, Tu YC, Huang WH, Chang HW, Pang VF, Jeng CR, Liu CH. Concurrent leukoencephalomyelitis and polyneuritis in a Maltese terrier: resembling combined central and peripheral demyelination in humans. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1373-1378. [PMID: 31366813 PMCID: PMC6785618 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-year-old male Maltese terrier presented with mild ataxia and disorientation for 4 months. Over time, clinical signs progressed from paraparesis to non-ambulatory tetraparesis, voice change and dysphagia. Histological examination revealed concurrent leukoencephalomyelitis and polyneuritis. Infectious etiologies, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Zika, canine distemper, pseudorabies, rabies, toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, leishmaniasis, and encephalitozoonosis, were ruled out by PCR and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. IHC tested on neurological tissues highlighted a heterogeneous population of infiltrating T and B lymphocytes admixed macrophages. Therefore, this case was diagnosed with current leukoencephalomyelitis and polyneuritis, resembling combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting both the CNS and PNS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ta Li
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Current affiliation: Fishhead Labs, LLC, 5658 SE Pine Ave, Stuart, FL 34997, U.S.A
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Tu
- Epidemiology Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, No. 376, Zhongzheng Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Vitale S, Foss K. Immune-Mediated Central Nervous System Disease-Current Knowledge and Recommendations. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 34:22-29. [PMID: 30808493 PMCID: PMC7185457 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammation is responsible for about 25% of central nervous system disease in dogs. The disease can affect all ages and breeds, but young to middle-aged small breed dogs are over-represented for most forms. Diagnosis consists of advanced imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and infectious disease testing, but biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis and classification of the disease into one of the many subtypes. Treatment consists of immunosuppressive medication with the goal being to control and/or improve clinical signs. Current literature shows that prognosis is variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Vitale
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Kari Foss
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Shiel RE, Kennedy LJ, Nolan CM, Mooney CT, Callanan JJ. Major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and haplotypes associated with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in greyhounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:271-6. [PMID: 24851745 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis is a breed-restricted canine neuroinflammatory disorder affecting young greyhounds in Ireland. A genetic risk factor is suspected because of the development of disease in multiple siblings and an inability to identify a causative infectious agent. The aim of this study was to examine potential associations between dog leucocyte antigen (DLA) class II haplotype and the presence of the disease. DLA three locus haplotypes were determined in 31 dogs with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and in 115 healthy control dogs using sequence-based typing (SBT) methods. All dogs were unrelated at the parental level. Two haplotypes (DRB1*01802/DQA1*00101/DQB1*00802 and DRB1*01501/DQA1*00601/DQB1*02201) were significantly (P = 0.0099 and 0.037) associated with the presence of meningoencephalitis, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 5.531 (1.168-26.19) and 3.736 (1.446-9.652), respectively. These results confirm that there is an association between DLA class II haplotype and greyhound meningoencephalitis, suggesting an immunogenetic risk factor for the development of the disease. Greyhound meningoencephalitis may be a suitable model for human neuroinflammatory diseases with an immunogenetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Shiel
- Section of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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