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Daneshian L, Renggli I, Hanaway R, Offermann LR, Schlachter CR, Hernandez Arriaza R, Henry S, Prakash R, Wybouw N, Dermauw W, Shimizu LS, Van Leeuwen T, Makris TM, Grbic V, Grbic M, Chruszcz M. Structural and functional characterization of β-cyanoalanine synthase from Tetranychus urticae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 142:103722. [PMID: 35063675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous spider mite that can feed on more than 1100 plant species including cyanogenic plants. The herbivore genome contains a horizontally acquired gene tetur10g01570 (TuCAS) that was previously shown to participate in cyanide detoxification. To understand the structure and determine the function of TuCAS in T. urticae, crystal structures of the protein with lysine conjugated pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) were determined. These structures reveal extensive TuCAS homology with the β-substituted alanine synthase family, and they show that this enzyme utilizes a similar chemical mechanism involving a stable α-aminoacrylate intermediate in β-cyanoalanine and cysteine synthesis. We demonstrate that TuCAS is more efficient in the synthesis of β-cyanoalanine, which is a product of the detoxification reaction between cysteine and cyanide, than in the biosynthesis of cysteine. Also, the enzyme carries additional enzymatic activities that were not previously described. We show that TuCAS can detoxify cyanide using O-acetyl-L-serine as a substrate, leading to the direct formation of β-cyanoalanine. Moreover, it catalyzes the reaction between the TuCAS-bound α-aminoacrylate intermediate and aromatic compounds with a thiol group. In addition, we have tested several compounds as TuCAS inhibitors. Overall, this study identifies additional functions for TuCAS and provides new molecular insight into the xenobiotic metabolism of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Isabella Renggli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ryan Hanaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lesa R Offermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Caleb R Schlachter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | - Shannon Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Rahul Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Makris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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2
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Verma D, Gupta V. New insights into the structure and function of an emerging drug target CysE. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:373. [PMID: 34367865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistant strains of several pathogens are major culprits of hospital-acquired nosocomial infections. An active and urgent action is necessary against these pathogens for the development of unique therapeutics. The cysteine biosynthetic pathway or genes (that are absent in humans) involved in the production of L-cysteine appear to be an attractive target for developing novel antibiotics. CysE, a Serine Acetyltransferase (SAT), catalyzes the first step of cysteine synthesis and is reported to be essential for the survival of persistence in several microbes including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structure determination provides fundamental insight into structure and function of protein and aid in drug design/discovery efforts. This review focuses on the overview of current knowledge of structure function, regulatory mechanism, and potential inhibitors (active site as well as allosteric site) of CysE. Despite having conserved structure, slight modification in CysE structure lead to altered the regulatory mechanism and hence affects the cysteine production. Due to its possible role in virulence and vital metabolism of pathogens makes it a potential target in the quest to develop novel therapeutics to treat multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
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Stojanovski BM, Hunter GA, Na I, Uversky VN, Jiang RHY, Ferreira GC. 5-Aminolevulinate synthase catalysis: The catcher in heme biosynthesis. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:178-189. [PMID: 31345668 PMCID: PMC6908770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinate (ALA) synthase (ALAS), a homodimeric pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the first step of heme biosynthesis in metazoa, fungi and α-proteobacteria. In this review, we focus on the advances made in unraveling the mechanism of the ALAS-catalyzed reaction during the past decade. The interplay between the PLP cofactor and the protein moiety determines and modulates the multi-intermediate reaction cycle of ALAS, which involves the decarboxylative condensation of two substrates, glycine and succinyl-CoA. Substrate binding and catalysis are rapid, and product (ALA) release dominates the overall ALAS kinetic mechanism. Interconversion between a catalytically incompetent, open conformation and a catalytically competent, closed conformation is linked to ALAS catalysis. Reversion to the open conformation, coincident with ALA dissociation, defines the slowest step of the reaction cycle. These findings were further substantiated by introducing seven mutations in the16-amino acid loop that gates the active site, yielding an ALAS variant with a greatly increased rate of catalytic turnover and heightened specificity constants for both substrates. Recently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis of various dimeric ALAS forms revealed that the seven active site loop mutations caused the proteins to adopt different conformations. In particular, the emergence of a β-strand in the mutated loop, which interacted with two preexisting β-strands to form an anti-parallel three-stranded β-sheet, conferred the murine heptavariant with a more stable open conformation and prompted faster product release than wild-type mALAS2. Moreover, the dynamics of the mALAS2 active site loop anti-correlated with that of the 35 amino acid C-terminal sequence. This led us to propose that this C-terminal extension, which is absent in prokaryotic ALASs, finely tunes mammalian ALAS activity. Based on the above results, we extend our previous proposal to include that discovery of a ligand inducing the mammalian C-terminal extension to fold offers a good prospect for the development of a new drug for X-linked protoporphyria and/or other porphyrias associated with enhanced ALAS activity and/or porphyrin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosko M Stojanovski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Gregory A Hunter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Insung Na
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Rays H Y Jiang
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gloria C Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Han L, Vuksanovic N, Oehm SA, Fenske TG, Schwabacher AW, Silvaggi NR. Streptomyces wadayamensis MppP is a PLP-Dependent Oxidase, Not an Oxygenase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3252-3264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nemanja Vuksanovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Sarah A. Oehm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Tyler G. Fenske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Alan W. Schwabacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Silvaggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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Structure-based mutational studies of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase reveal the reason for the loss of cysteine synthase complex formation in Brucella abortus. Biochem J 2017; 474:1221-1239. [PMID: 28126739 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine biosynthesis takes place via a two-step pathway in bacteria, fungi, plants and protozoan parasites, but not in humans, and hence, the machinery of cysteine biosynthesis is an opportune target for therapeutics. The decameric cysteine synthase complex (CSC) is formed when the C-terminal tail of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) binds in the active site of O-acetylserine sulfydrylase (OASS), playing a role in the regulation of this pathway. Here, we show that OASS from Brucella abortus (BaOASS) does not interact with its cognate SAT C-terminal tail. Crystal structures of native BaOASS showed that residues Gln96 and Tyr125 occupy the active-site pocket and interfere with the entry of the SAT C-terminal tail. The BaOASS (Q96A-Y125A) mutant showed relatively strong binding (Kd = 32.4 μM) to BaSAT C-terminal peptides in comparison with native BaOASS. The mutant structure looks similar except that the active-site pocket has enough space to bind the SAT C-terminal end. Surface plasmon resonance results showed a relatively strong (7.3 μM Kd) interaction between BaSAT and the BaOASS (Q96A-Y125A), but no interaction with native BaOASS. Taken together, our observations suggest that the CSC does not form in B. abortus.
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Na I, DeForte S, Stojanovski BM, Ferreira GC, Uversky VN. Molecular dynamics analysis of the structural and dynamic properties of the functionally enhanced hepta-variant of mouse 5-aminolevulinate synthase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:152-165. [PMID: 27928941 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1269688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Heme biosynthesis, a complex, multistage, and tightly controlled process, starts with 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) production, which, in metazoa and certain bacteria, is a reaction catalyzed by 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. Functional aberrations in ALAS are associated with several human diseases. ALAS can adopt open and closed conformations, with segmental rearrangements of a C-terminal, 16-amino acid loop and an α-helix regulating accessibility to the ALAS active site. Of the murine erythroid ALAS (mALAS2) forms previously engineered to assess the role of the flexible C-terminal loop versus mALAS2 function one stood out due to its impressive gain in catalytic power. To elucidate how the simultaneously introduced seven mutations of this activity-enhanced variant affected structural and dynamic properties of mALAS2, we conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the dimeric forms of wild-type mALAS2, hepta-variant and Rhodobacter capsulatus ALAS (aka R. capsulatus HemA). This analysis revealed that the seven simultaneous mutations in the C-terminal loop, which extends over the active site of the enzyme, caused the bacterial and murine proteins to adopt different conformations. Specifically, a new β-strand in the mutated 'loop' led to interaction with two preexisting β-strands and formation of an anti-parallel three-stranded β-sheet, which likely endowed the murine hepta-variant a more 'stable' open conformation than that of wild-type mALAS2, consistent with a kinetic mechanism involving a faster closed-to-open conformation transition and product release for the mutated than wild-type enzyme. Further, the dynamic behavior of the mALAS2 protomers was strikingly different in the two dimeric forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Na
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA
| | - Shelly DeForte
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA
| | - Bosko M Stojanovski
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA
| | - Gloria C Ferreira
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA.,b Department of Chemistry , College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL 33612 , USA.,c USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33612 , USA.,d Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins , Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia
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Takeda E, Kunimoto K, Kawai Y, Kataoka M, Ishikawa K, Nakamura T. Role of F225 in O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1. Extremophiles 2016; 20:733-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Uda N, Matoba Y, Oda K, Kumagai T, Sugiyama M. The structural and mutational analyses ofO-ureido-l-serine synthase necessary ford-cycloserine biosynthesis. FEBS J 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narutoshi Uda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matoba
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Kosuke Oda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Japan
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Nakamura T, Asai S, Nakata K, Kunimoto K, Oguri M, Ishikawa K. Thermostability and reactivity in organic solvent of O-phospho-l-serine sulfhydrylase from hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1280-6. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
O-phospho-l-serine sulfhydrylase (OPSS) from archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 is able to synthesize l-cysteine even at 80 °C. In this article, we compared thermal stability and reactivity in organic solvent of OPSS with those of O-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase B (OASS-B) from Escherichia coli. As a result, the thermostability of OPSS was much higher than that of OASS-B. Moreover, the activity of OPSS increased in the reaction mixture containing the organic solvent, such as N, N′-dimethyl formamide and 1,4-dioxane, whereas that of OASS-B gradually decreased as the content of organic solvent increased. From the crystal structural analysis, the intramolecular electrostatic interactions of N-terminal domain in OPSS seemed to be correlated with the tolerance of OPSS to high temperature and organic solvent. These results indicate that OPSS is more superior to OASS-B for the industrial production of l-cysteine and unnatural amino acids that are useful pharmaceuticals in the presence of organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Shinji Asai
- Faculty of Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakata
- Faculty of Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Kohei Kunimoto
- Faculty of Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Masateru Oguri
- Faculty of Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Osaka, Japan
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10
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The cysteine regulatory complex from plants and microbes: what was old is new again. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:302-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moraes TF, Reithmeier RAF. Membrane transport metabolons. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2687-706. [PMID: 22705263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this review evidence from a wide variety of biological systems is presented for the genetic, functional, and likely physical association of membrane transporters and the enzymes that metabolize the transported substrates. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the dynamic association of transporters and enzymes creates functional membrane transport metabolons that channel substrates typically obtained from the extracellular compartment directly into their cellular metabolism. The immediate modification of substrates on the inner surface of the membrane prevents back-flux through facilitated transporters, increasing the efficiency of transport. In some cases products of the enzymes are themselves substrates for the transporters that efflux the products in an exchange or antiport mechanism. Regulation of the binding of enzymes to transporters and their mutual activities may play a role in modulating flux through transporters and entry of substrates into metabolic pathways. Examples showing the physical association of transporters and enzymes are provided, but available structural data is sparse. Genetic and functional linkages between membrane transporters and enzymes were revealed by an analysis of Escherichia coli operons encoding polycistronic mRNAs and provide a list of predicted interactions ripe for further structural studies. This article supports the view that membrane transport metabolons are important throughout Nature in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Exploring O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B isoenzyme from Salmonella typhimurium by fluorescence spectroscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 505:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ågren D, Schnell R, Schneider G. The C-terminal of CysM fromMycobacterium tuberculosisprotects the aminoacrylate intermediate and is involved in sulfur donor selectivity. FEBS Lett 2008; 583:330-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Ågren D, Schnell R, Oehlmann W, Singh M, Schneider G. Cysteine Synthase (CysM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is an O-Phosphoserine Sulfhydrylase. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:31567-74. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804877200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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A catalytic mechanism that explains a low catalytic activity of serine dehydratase like-1 from human cancer cells: Crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:809-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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