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Chanez-Paredes SD, Abtahi S, Zha J, Li E, Marsischky G, Zuo L, Grey MJ, He W, Turner JR. Mechanisms underlying distinct subcellular localization and regulation of epithelial long myosin light-chain kinase splice variants. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105643. [PMID: 38199574 PMCID: PMC10862019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia express two long myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) splice variants, MLCK1 and MLCK2, which differ by the absence of a complete immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 3 within MLCK2. MLCK1 is preferentially associated with the perijunctional actomyosin ring at steady state, and this localization is enhanced by inflammatory stimuli including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here, we sought to identify MLCK1 domains that direct perijunctional MLCK1 localization and their relevance to disease. Ileal biopsies from Crohn's disease patients demonstrated preferential increases in MLCK1 expression and perijunctional localization relative to healthy controls. In contrast to MLCK1, MLCK2 expressed in intestinal epithelia is predominantly associated with basal stress fibers, and the two isoforms have distinct effects on epithelial migration and barrier regulation. MLCK1(Ig1-4) and MLCK1(Ig1-3), but not MLCK2(Ig1-4) or MLCK1(Ig3), directly bind to F-actin in vitro and direct perijunctional recruitment in intestinal epithelial cells. Further study showed that Ig1 is unnecessary, but that, like Ig3, the unstructured linker between Ig1 and Ig2 (Ig1/2us) is essential for recruitment. Despite being unable to bind F-actin or direct recruitment independently, Ig3 does have dominant negative functions that allow it to displace perijunctional MLCK1, increase steady-state barrier function, prevent TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment, and attenuate TNF-induced barrier loss. These data define the minimal domain required for MLCK1 localization and provide mechanistic insight into the MLCK1 recruitment process. Overall, the results create a foundation for development of molecularly targeted therapies that target key domains to prevent MLCK1 recruitment, restore barrier function, and limit inflammatory bowel disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Enkai Li
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald Marsischky
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Michael J Grey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiqi He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Reactive oxygen species participate in liver function recovery during compensatory growth in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:285-290. [PMID: 29574160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG) is defined as a phase of accelerated growth when the disadvantageous environment is improved, accompanied by metabolic adjustment. Here, we report that hepatic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity was enhanced during compensatory growth in zebrafish. Mitochondrial metabolism enabled the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated the nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling pathway, as well as the mTOR signaling pathway. Tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) treatment blocked ROS signaling in the liver as well as CG in zebrafish. These results demonstrated that mitochondrial ROS signaling are essential for the occurrence of compensatory growth in zebrafish.
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Chen C, Tao T, Wen C, He WQ, Qiao YN, Gao YQ, Chen X, Wang P, Chen CP, Zhao W, Chen HQ, Ye AP, Peng YJ, Zhu MS. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) regulates cell migration in a myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28478-88. [PMID: 25122766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has long been implicated in the myosin phosphorylation and force generation required for cell migration. Here, we surprisingly found that the deletion of MLCK resulted in fast cell migration, enhanced protrusion formation, and no alteration of myosin light chain phosphorylation. The mutant cells showed reduced membrane tether force and fewer membrane F-actin filaments. This phenotype was rescued by either kinase-dead MLCK or five-DFRXXL motif, a MLCK fragment with potent F-actin-binding activity. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that the absence of MLCK led to attenuated formation of transmembrane complexes, including myosin II, integrins and fibronectin. We suggest that MLCK is not required for myosin phosphorylation in a migrating cell. A critical role of MLCK in cell migration involves regulating the cell membrane tension and protrusion necessary for migration, thereby stabilizing the membrane skeleton through F-actin-binding activity. This finding sheds light on a novel regulatory mechanism of protrusion during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tao
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wen
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China, and
| | - Wei-Qi He
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ning Qiao
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Qian Gao
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Chen
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Qun Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - An-Pei Ye
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China, and
| | - Ya-Jing Peng
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China,
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- From the Model Animal Research Center, Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, P.R. China, School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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Zhu GJ, Wang F, Chen C, Xu L, Zhang WC, Fan C, Peng YJ, Chen J, He WQ, Guo SY, Zuo J, Gao X, Zhu MS. Myosin light-chain kinase is necessary for membrane homeostasis in cochlear inner hair cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34894. [PMID: 22485190 PMCID: PMC3317649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural homeostasis of the cochlear hair cell membrane is critical for all aspects of sensory transduction, but the regulation of its maintenance is not well understood. In this report, we analyzed the cochlear hair cells of mice with specific deletion of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in inner hair cells. MLCK-deficient mice showed impaired hearing, with a 5- to 14-dB rise in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds to clicks and tones of different frequencies and a significant decrease in the amplitude of the ABR waves. The mutant inner hair cells produced several ball-like structures around the hair bundles in vivo, indicating impaired membrane stability. Inner hair cells isolated from the knockout mice consistently displayed less resistance to hypoosmotic solution and less membrane F-actin. Myosin light-chain phosphorylation was also reduced in the mutated inner hair cells. Our results suggest that MLCK is necessary for maintaining the membrane stability of inner hair cells.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Membrane/enzymology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Epithelium/enzymology
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
- Gene Expression
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/enzymology
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/ultrastructure
- Homeostasis
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Myosin VIIa
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/deficiency
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/genetics
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/physiology
- Myosins/metabolism
- Organ of Corti/cytology
- Osmotic Pressure
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Sequence Deletion
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jie Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chi Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Jing Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Qi He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Ying Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xia Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (M-SZ)
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Diseases Studies, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, University Park, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (M-SZ)
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Zha J, Chen X, Li C, Zhu M, Ding G, He W. One-Step Construction of Lentiviral Reporter Using Red-Mediated Recombination. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 49:278-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Triskelion structure of the Gli521 protein, involved in the gliding mechanism of Mycoplasma mobile. J Bacteriol 2009; 192:636-42. [PMID: 19915029 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01143-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma mobile binds to solid surfaces and glides smoothly and continuously by a unique mechanism. A huge protein, Gli521 (521 kDa), is involved in the gliding machinery, and it is localized in the cell neck, the base of the membrane protrusion. This protein is thought to have the role of force transmission. In this study, the Gli521 protein was purified from M. mobile cells, and its molecular shape was studied. Gel filtration analysis showed that the isolated Gli521 protein forms mainly a monomer in Tween 80-containing buffer and oligomers in Triton X-100-containing buffer. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy showed that the Gli521 monomer consisted of three parts: an oval, a rod, and a hook. The oval was 15 nm long by 11 nm wide, and the filamentous part composed of the rod and the hook was 106 nm long and 3 nm in diameter. The Gli521 molecules form a trimer, producing a "triskelion" reminiscent of eukaryotic clathrin, through association at the hook end. Image averaging of the central part of the triskelion suggested that there are stable and rigid structures. The binding site of a previously isolated monoclonal antibody on Gli521 images showed that the hook end and oval correspond to the C- and N-terminal regions, respectively. Partial digestion of Gli521 showed that the molecule could be divided into three domains, which we assigned to the oval, rod, and hook of the molecular image. The Gli521 molecule's role in the gliding mechanism is discussed.
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