1
|
Abioye OE, Nontongana N, Osunla CA, Okoh AI. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290356. [PMID: 37616193 PMCID: PMC10449182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered from fish markets, freshwater and brackish water. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. Vibrio spp. was detected in more than 90% of samples [134/144] and its density was significantly more in fish than in other samples. Vibrio. cholerae and V. mimicus were isolated in at least one sample of each sample type with higher isolation frequency in fish samples. All the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup. One or more V. cholerae isolates exhibited intermediate or resistance against each of the eighteen panels of antibiotics used but 100% of the V. mimicus were susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Vibrio cholerae exhibited relatively high resistance against polymyxin, ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate while V. mimicus isolates exhibited relatively high resistance against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin and polymixin. The multiple-antibiotic-resistance-index [MARI] for isolates ranges between 0 and 0.67 and 48% of the isolates have MARI that is >0.2 while 55% of the isolates exhibit MultiDrug Resistance Phenotypes. The percentage detection of acc, ant, drf18, sul1, mcr-1, blasvh, blaoxa, blatem, blaoxa48, gyrA, gyrB and parC resistance-associated genes were 2%, 9%, 14%, 7%, 2%, 25%, 7%, 2%, 2%, 32%, 25% and 27% respectively while that for virulence-associated genes in increasing other was ace [2%], tcp [11%], vpi [16%], ompU [34%], toxR [43%], rtxC [70%], rtxA [73%] and hyla [77%]. The study confirmed the potential of environmental non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and V. mimicus to cause cholera-like infection and other vibriosis which could be difficult to manage with commonly recommended antibiotics. Thus, regular monitoring of the environment to create necessary awareness for this kind of pathogens is important in the interest of public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nolonwabo Nontongana
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Charles A. Osunla
- Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miyoshi SI, Toko N, Dodo T, Nanko A, Mizuno T. Second extracellular protease mediating maturation of Vibrio mimicus hemolysin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:241. [PMID: 36271946 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. This pathogen produces an enterotoxic hemolysin called V. mimicus hemolysin (VMH), which is secreted extracellularly as an inactive 80-kDa protoxin and converted to a 66-kDa mature toxin through cleavage between Arg151 and Ser152. The 56-kDa serine protease termed V. mimicus trypsin-like protease (VmtA) is known to mediate this maturating process. However, some strains including strain ES-20 does not possess the vmtA gene. In the present study, the vmtA-negative strains were found to have a replaced gene that encodes a 43-kDa (403 aa) precursor of a serine protease designated by VmtX (V. mimicus trypsin-like protease X). To examine whether VmtX is also involved in the maturation of VMH, VmtX was isolated from the culture supernatant of V. mimicus strain NRE-20, a metalloprotease-negative mutant constructed from strain ES-20. Concretely, the culture supernatant was fractionated with 70% saturated ammonium sulfate and subjected to affinity column chromatography using a HiTrap Benzamidine FF column. The analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the proteins in the obtained VmtX preparation indicated that the 39-kDa protein was active VmtX consisting of 371 aa (Ile33-Ser403). The VmtX preparation was found to activate pro-VMH through generation of the 66-kDa protein. Additionally, treatment of the VmtX preparation with serine protease inhibitors, such as leupeptin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, significantly suppressed the activities to hydrolyze the specific peptide substrate and to synthesize the 66-kDa toxin. These findings indicate that VmtX is the second protease that mediats the maturation of VMH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Norie Toko
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Dodo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayako Nanko
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tamaki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu P, Huang Z, Xiong Z, Guo S, Zhang S, Cai T. Development and evaluation of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Vibro mimicus in human plasma samples. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1650-1659. [PMID: 35702884 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed at developing a fast and accurate method to detect Vibrio mimicus using real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay. METHODS AND RESULTS Specific primers and probe were designed to target V. mimicus haemolysin (vmh) gene. Target DNA was successfully amplified at 41°C within 20 min. The method exhibited a high level of specificity and the sensitivity was 2.1 × 102 copies/25 μl or 8.4 copies/μl, which is in line with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The calibration curve plotted by the second-order polynomial regression showed better than the linear curve, as the correlation coefficient was raised to 0.9907, which suggested that the second-order polynomial regressions might be considered to apply to the quantification of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The limit of detection (LOD) was predicted to be 77 copies/25 μl or 3 copies/μl by a probit model. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was calculated to be 28 copies /25 μl or 1 copies/μl by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which firstly make LOQ could be available to real-time RPA. For the performance of the real-time RPA in plasma samples, the detection sensitivity of real-time RPA was as good as the real-time PCR. For pretreatment of plasma samples, the boiling method was better than using kits, as it further shortened the time of the real-time RPA in detecting V. mimicus. CONCLUSIONS The real-time RPA assay developed in our study shows multiple advantages over currently available DNA diagnostic method, including a quicker time-to-result for a single sample, requiring minimal infrastructure and technical support and being tolerant to inhibitors in plasma samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The real-time RPA assay developed here is a potentially valuable tool for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of V. mimicus infection in endemic field, especially in the resources-limited settings, as combined with portable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Zuoan Huang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Zi Xiong
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Shiyu Guo
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang G, Fan C, Wang H, Jia C, Li X, Yang J, Zhang T, Gao S, Min X, Huang J. Type VI secretion system-associated FHA domain protein TagH regulates the hemolytic activity and virulence of Vibrio cholerae. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2055440. [PMID: 35383540 PMCID: PMC8993066 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2055440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) and hemolysin HlyA are important virulence factors in Vibrio cholerae. The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain is a conserved phosphopeptide binding domain that exists in many regulatory modules. The FHA domain protein-encoding gene is conserved in the T6SS gene cluster and regulates the assembly and secretion of the T6SS. This study shows for the first time that the FHA domain protein TagH plays a role in controlling the hemolytic activity of V. cholerae, in addition to regulating the T6SS. TagH negatively regulates HlyA expression at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The phosphopeptide binding sites of the FHA domain of TagH play a key role in the regulation of hemolytic activity. The deletion of tagH enhances the intestinal pathogenicity and extraintestinal invasion ability of V. cholerae, which mainly depend on the expression of HlyA. This study provides evidence that helps unravel the novel regulatory role of TagH in HlyA and provides critical insights which will aid in the development of strategies to manage HlyA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chan Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyi Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianru Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xun Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,CONTACT Xun Min Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Jian Huang School of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi,Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Characterization of Potential Virulence Factors of Vibrio mimicus Isolated from Fishery Products and Water. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:8397930. [PMID: 33628259 PMCID: PMC7889394 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8397930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a Gram-negative bacterium that is closely related to V. cholerae and causes gastroenteritis in humans due to contaminated fish consumption and seafood. This bacterium was isolated and identified from 238 analyzed samples of sea water, oysters, and fish. Twenty strains were identified as V. mimicus according to amplification of the vmhA gene, which is useful as a marker of identification of the species. The production of lipases, proteases, and nucleases was detected; 45% of the strains were able to produce thermonucleases and 40% were capable of producing hydroxamate-type siderophores, and the fragment of the iuT gene was amplified in all of the V. mimicus strains. Seventy-five percent of V. mimicus strains showed cytopathic effect on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and destruction of the monolayer, and 100% of the strains were adherent on the HEp-2 cell line with an aggregative adherence pattern. The presence of virulence factors in V. mimicus strains obtained from fishery products suggests that another member of the Vibrio genus could represent a risk to the consumer due to production of different metabolites that allows it to subsist in the host.
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
Sulca MA, Orozco R, Alvarado DE. Antimicrobial resistance not related to 1,2,3 integrons and Superintegron in Vibrio spp. isolated from seawater sample of Lima (Peru). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:370-377. [PMID: 29886960 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms has been attributed to integrons, which have the ability to capture antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes and express them in their hosts. 170 strains of Vibrio spp. were isolated from Lima (Peru) seawater samples and identified by biochemical tests and PCR. AMR profiles were generated using 15 standard antibiotics. The presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and Superintegron in these strains were also investigated by PCR. Ten species of Vibrio were identified with V. alginolyticus the most frequent. All strains were resistant to antibiotics, especially to penicillin group. No resistance to norfloxacin or tetracycline was observed. Class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were not found, only one Superintegron containing the mutT gene was identified in V. cholerae L22 strain. This indicated that AMR is not related to integrons as mentioned previously and that these strains can be reservoirs of resistance genes in marine environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A Sulca
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Alexander von Humboldt Aquaculture Research Center - IMARPE, Lima, Peru.
| | - Rita Orozco
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Alexander von Humboldt Aquaculture Research Center - IMARPE, Lima, Peru
| | - Débora E Alvarado
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Menezes FGRDE, Rodriguez MTT, Carvalho FCTDE, Rebouças RH, Costa RA, Sousa OVDE, Hofer E, Vieira RHSF. Pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from estuarine environments (Ceará, Brazil) - antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential profiles. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1175-1188. [PMID: 28489191 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were submitted to disk diffusion technique (15 antimicrobials were tested). Resistance was found to: penicillin (82%), ampicillin (54%), cephalotin (7%), aztreonan (1%), gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (0.5%). Five pathogenic strains were chosen to verification of virulence factors. Four estuaries showed a high abundance of species. High number of tested positive strains for virulence is concerning, since some of those strains are associated to human diseases, while others are known pathogens of aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca G R DE Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marina T T Rodriguez
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fátima C T DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosa H Rebouças
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata A Costa
- Instituto Superior de Teologia Aplicada/INTA, R. Antônio Rodrigues Magalhães, 359, Dom Expedito, 62050-100 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina V DE Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Regine H S F Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdel-Sattar ES, Miyoshi SI, Elgaml A. Regulation ofVibrio mimicusmetalloprotease (VMP) production by the quorum-sensing master regulatory protein, LuxR. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1051-1058. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- El-Shaymaa Abdel-Sattar
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku Okayama Japan
- Chemical Industries Development Company; Assiut Egypt
| | - Shin-ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku Okayama Japan
| | - Abdelaziz Elgaml
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama University; 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku Okayama Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Mansoura University; Elgomhouria Street Mansoura Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mizuno T, Nanko A, Maehara Y, Shinoda S, Miyoshi SI. A novel extracellular protease of Vibrio mimicus that mediates maturation of an endogenous hemolysin. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 58:503-12. [PMID: 25040152 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus, a human pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, produces an enterotoxic hemolysin as a virulence factor. The hemolysin is secreted extracellularly as an inactive protoxin and converted to a mature toxin through removal of the N-terminal propeptide, which comprises 151 amino acid residues. In this study, a novel protease having the trypsin-like substrate specificity was purified from the bacterial culture supernatant. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was identical with putative trypsin VMD27150 of V. mimicus strain VM573. The purified protease was found to cause maturation of the protoxin by cleavage of the Arg(151)-Ser(152) bond. Deletion of the protease gene resulted in increased amounts of the protoxin in the culture supernatant. In addition, expression of the hemolysin and protease genes was detected during the logarithmic growth phase. These findings indicate that the protease purified may mediate maturation of the hemolysin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan; Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, 57 Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, ID Hospital Campus, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tercero-Alburo JJ, González-Márquez H, Bonilla-González E, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Vázquez-Salinas C. Identification of capsule, biofilm, lateral flagellum, and type IV pili in Vibrio mimicus strains. Microb Pathog 2014; 76:77-83. [PMID: 25246027 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis; it is closely related to Vibrio cholerae, and can cause acute diarrhea like cholera- or dysentery-type diarrhea. It is distributed worldwide. Factors associated with virulence (such as hemolysins, enterotoxins, proteases, phospholipases, aerobactin, and hemagglutinin) have been identified; however, its pathogenicity mechanism is still unknown. In pathogenic Vibrio species such as V. cholerae, Vibrio. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, capsule, biofilms, lateral flagellum, and type IV pili are structures described as essential for pathogenicity. These structures had not been described in V. mimicus until this work. We used 20 V. mimicus strains isolated from water (6), oyster (9), and fish (5) samples and we were able to identify the capsule, biofilm, lateral flagellum, and type IV pili through phenotypic tests, electron microscopy, PCR, and sequencing. In all tested strains, we observed and identified the presence of capsular exopolysaccharide, biofilm formation in an in vitro model, as well as swarming, multiple flagellation, and pili. In addition, we identified homologous genes to those described in other bacteria of the genus in which these structures have been found. Identification of these structures in V. mimicus is a contribution to the biology of this organism and can help to reveal its pathogenic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Tercero-Alburo
- Posgrado de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México; Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México
| | - H González-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Expresión Génica División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México
| | - E Bonilla-González
- Laboratorio de Expresión Génica División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México
| | - E I Quiñones-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Sanitaria, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N Col, Santo Tomás C.P. 11340, Distrito Federal, México
| | - C Vázquez-Salinas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina C.P. 09340, México.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Vibrio are normal habitants of the aquatic environment but the some species are believed to be human pathogens. Pathogenic vibrios produce various pathogenic factors, and the proteases are also recognized to play pathogenic roles in the infection: the direct roles by digesting many kinds of host proteins or indirect roles by processing other pathogenic protein factors. Especially VVP from Vibrio vulnificus is thought to be a major pathogenic factor of the vibrio. Although HA/P, the V. cholerae hemagglutinin/protease, is not a direct toxic factor of cholera vibrio, its significance is an undeniable fact. Production of HA/P is regulated together with major pathogenic factors such as CT (cholera toxin) or TCP (toxin co-regulated pilus) by a quorum-sensing system. HA/P is necessary for full expression of pathogenicity of the vibrio by supporting growth and translocation in the digestive tract. Processing of protein toxins such as CT or El Tor hemolysin is also an important pathogenic role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Shinoda
- Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama University of Science, Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-005, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Austin B. Vibrios as causal agents of zoonoses. Vet Microbiol 2010; 140:310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Quorum sensing negatively regulates hemolysin transcriptionally and posttranslationally in Vibrio cholerae. Infect Immun 2009; 78:461-7. [PMID: 19858311 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00590-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has shown that in addition to cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), other cytotoxic proteins in Vibrio cholerae also cause disease symptoms, and this is particularly evident in strains lacking CT. One such protein is the hemolysin encoded by hlyA. Here we show that, like CT and TCP, HlyA is repressed by the quorum-sensing-regulated transcription factor HapR. This repression occurs on two levels: one at the transcriptional level that is independent of the metalloprotease HapA and one at the posttranslational level that is mediated by HapA. The transcriptional regulation is significantly more apparent on solid media than in liquid cultures. This is the first time that hemolysis has been shown to be directly regulated by quorum sensing in V. cholerae, and it is interesting that, like other virulence factors, HlyA is also repressed by HapR, which is expressed late in infection.
Collapse
|