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Dorofeeva Y, Colombo P, Blanca M, Mari A, Khanferyan R, Valenta R, Focke-Tejkl M. Expression and characterization of recombinant Par j 1 and Par j 2 resembling the allergenic epitopes of Parietaria judaica pollen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15043. [PMID: 31636285 PMCID: PMC6803649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The weed wall pellitory, Parietaria judaica, is one the most important pollen allergen sources in the Mediterranean area causing severe symptoms of hay fever and asthma in allergic patients. We report the expression of the major Parietaria allergens, Par j 1 and Par j 2 which belong to the family of lipid transfer proteins, in insect cells. According to circular dichroism analysis and gel filtration, the purified allergens represented folded and monomeric proteins. Insect cell-expressed, folded Par j 2 exhibited higher IgE binding capacity and more than 100-fold higher allergenic activity than unfolded Escherichia coli-expressed Par j 2 as demonstrated by IgE ELISA and basophil activation testing. IgE ELISA inhibition assays showed that Par j 1 and Par j 2, contain genuine and cross-reactive IgE epitopes. IgG antibodies induced by immunization with Par j 2 inhibited binding of allergic patients IgE to Par j 1 only partially. IgE inhibition experiments demonstrated that insect cell-expressed Par j 1 and Par j 2 together resembled the majority of allergenic epitopes of the Parietaria allergome and therefore both should be used for molecular diagnosis and the design of vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy of Parietaria allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Dorofeeva
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology, Rome, Italy
| | - Roman Khanferyan
- Russian People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Reduction of the number of major representative allergens: from clinical testing to 3-dimensional structures. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:291618. [PMID: 24778467 PMCID: PMC3980986 DOI: 10.1155/2014/291618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vast amounts of allergen sequence data have been accumulated, thus complicating the identification of specific allergenic proteins when performing diagnostic allergy tests and immunotherapy. This study aims to rank the importance/potency of the allergens so as to logically reduce the number of allergens and/or allergenic sources. Meta-analysis of 62 allergenic sources used for intradermal testing on 3,335 allergic patients demonstrated that in southern China, mite, sesame, spiny amaranth, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and house dust account for 88.0% to 100% of the observed positive reactions to the 62 types of allergenic sources tested. The Kolmogorov-Smironov Test results of the website-obtained allergen data and allergen family featured peptides suggested that allergen research in laboratories worldwide has been conducted in parallel on many of the same species. The major allergens were reduced to 21 representative allergens, which were further divided into seven structural classes, each of which contains similar structural components. This study therefore has condensed numerous allergenic sources and major allergens into fewer major representative ones, thus allowing for the use of a smaller number of allergens when conducting comprehensive allergen testing and immunotherapy treatments.
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Gadermaier G, Hauser M, Ferreira F. Allergens of weed pollen: an overview on recombinant and natural molecules. Methods 2013; 66:55-66. [PMID: 23806644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Weeds represent a botanically unrelated group of plants that usually lack commercial or aesthetical value. Pollen of allergenic weeds are able to trigger type I reactions in allergic patients and can be found in the plant families of Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Plantaginaceae, Urticaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. To date, 34 weed pollen allergens are listed in the IUIS allergen nomenclature database, which were physicochemically and immunologically characterized to varying degrees. Relevant allergens of weeds belong to the pectate lyase family, defensin-like family, Ole e 1-like family, non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 family and the pan-allergens profilin and polcalcins. This review provides an overview on weed pollen allergens primarily focusing on the molecular level. In particular, the characteristics and properties of purified recombinant allergens and hypoallergenic derivatives are described and their potential use in diagnosis and therapy of weed pollen allergy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gadermaier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael Hauser
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Golebski K, Röschmann KIL, Toppila-Salmi S, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Renkonen R, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. The multi-faceted role of allergen exposure to the local airway mucosa. Allergy 2013; 68:152-60. [PMID: 23240614 DOI: 10.1111/all.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first to encounter aeroallergens and therefore have recently become an interesting target of many studies investigating their involvement in the modulation of allergic inflammatory responses. Disruption of a passive structural barrier composed of epithelial cells by intrinsic proteolytic activity of allergens may facilitate allergen penetration into local tissues and additionally affect chronic and ongoing inflammatory processes in respiratory tissues. Furthermore, the ability of rhinoviruses to disrupt and interfere with epithelial tight junctions may alter the barrier integrity and enable a passive passage of inhaled allergens through the airway epithelium. On the other hand, epithelial cells are no longer considered to act only as a physical barrier toward inhaled allergens, but also to actively contribute to airway inflammation by detecting and responding to environmental factors. Epithelial cells can produce mediators, which may affect the recruitment and activation of more specialized immune cells to the local tissue and also create a microenvironment in which these activated immune cells may function and propagate the inflammatory processes. This review presents the dual role of epithelium acting as a passive and active barrier when encountering an inhaled allergen and how this double role contributes to the start of local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Golebski
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - K. I. L. Röschmann
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - S. Toppila-Salmi
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital & Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | | | | | - R. Renkonen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUSLAB; Helsinki; Finland
| | - W. J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - C. M. van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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Deifl S, Bohle B. Factors influencing the allergenicity and adjuvanticity of allergens. Immunotherapy 2012; 3:881-93. [PMID: 21751956 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergic disorders affect up to 25% of the population in industrialized countries and result in a Th2-polarized immune response to innocuous environmental proteins, so-called allergens. Among a large number of proteins to which humans are exposed to, only a minute fraction are allergens. This observation suggests that allergens share special features of allergenicity (i.e., the capacity to induce the production of specific IgE antibodies in susceptible individuals). However, the question 'what makes a protein allergenic' still remains unanswered although some biochemical characteristics of allergens and their capacity to interact with the innate immune system could be associated with their allergenic potential. Allergen-specific immunotherapy aims at an alteration of the disease-eliciting immune response by repeated administration of allergens. Recently, approaches emerged to endow allergens with adjuvanticity, in particular aiming at an increase of their immunomodulatory capacity. This article summarizes factors of allergenicity and introduces recent concepts of adjuvanticity to improve allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Deifl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Department of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Egger M, Hauser M, Mari A, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G. The role of lipid transfer proteins in allergic diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010; 10:326-35. [PMID: 20582490 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are important allergens in fruits, vegetables, nuts, pollen, and latex. Despite their wide distribution throughout the plant kingdom, their clinical relevance is largely confined to the Mediterranean area. As they can sensitize via the gastrointestinal tract, LPTs are considered true food allergens, and IgE reactivity to LTPs is often associated with severe systemic symptoms. Although Pru p 3 represents the predominant LTP in terms of patients' IgE recognition, the contribution of pollen LTPs in primary sensitization cannot be ruled out. Due to structural homology, LTPs from different allergen sources are generally IgE cross-reactive. However, sensitization profiles among allergic patients are extremely heterogeneous, and individual cross-reactivity patterns can be restricted to a single LTP or encompass many different LTPs. Molecule-based approaches in allergy research and diagnosis are important for better understanding of LTP allergy and could assist clinicians with providing adequate patient-tailored advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg, Austria.
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