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Olasz B, Smithers L, Evans GL, Anandan A, Murcha MW, Vrielink A. Structural analysis of the SAM domain of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial tRNA import receptor. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107258. [PMID: 38582448 PMCID: PMC11063897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles of endosymbiotic origin with limited protein-coding capacity. The import of nuclear-encoded proteins and nucleic acids is required and essential for maintaining organelle mass, number, and activity. As plant mitochondria do not encode all the necessary tRNA types required, the import of cytosolic tRNA is vital for organelle maintenance. Recently, two mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, named Tric1 and Tric2, for tRNA import component, were shown to be involved in the import of cytosolic tRNA. Tric1/2 binds tRNAalavia conserved residues in the C-terminal Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) domain. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of the Tric1 SAM domain. We identified the ability of the SAM domain to form a helical superstructure with six monomers per helical turn and key amino acid residues responsible for its formation. We determined that the oligomerization of the Tric1 SAM domain may play a role in protein function whereby mutation of Gly241 introducing a larger side chain at this position disrupted the oligomer and resulted in the loss of RNA binding capability. Furthermore, complementation of Arabidopsis thaliana Tric1/2 knockout lines with a mutated Tric1 failed to restore the defective plant phenotype. AlphaFold2 structure prediction of both the SAM domain and Tric1 support a cyclic pentameric or hexameric structure. In the case of a hexameric structure, a pore of sufficient dimensions to transfer tRNA across the mitochondrial membrane is observed. Our results highlight the importance of oligomerization of Tric1 for protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Olasz
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Smithers
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Genevieve L Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anandhi Anandan
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monika W Murcha
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Alice Vrielink
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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2
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Wu G, Dong Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Zhu H, Ding D, Cui Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Chen H. LncRNA CTBP1-AS inhibits TP63-mediated activation of S100A14 during prostate cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1492-1504. [PMID: 38476086 PMCID: PMC11093200 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important molecules and potential new targets for human cancers. This study investigates the function of lncRNA CTBP1 antisense RNA (CTBP1-AS) in prostate cancer (PCa) and explores the entailed molecular mechanism. Aberrantly expressed genes potentially correlated with PCa progression were probed using integrated bioinformatics analyses. A cohort of 68 patients with PCa was included, and their tumor and para-cancerous tissues were collected. CTBP1-AS was highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells and associated with poor patient prognosis. By contrast, tumor protein p63 (TP63) and S100 calcium binding protein A14 (S100A14) were poorly expressed in the PCa tissues and cells. CTBP1-AS did not affect TP63 expression; however it blocked the TP63-mediated transcriptional activation of S100A14, thereby reducing its expression. CTBP1-AS silencing suppressed proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of PCa cell lines, while its overexpression led to inverse results. The malignant phenotype of cells was further weakened by TP63 overexpression but restored following artificial S100A14 silencing. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CTBP1-AS plays an oncogenic role in PCa by blocking TP63-mediated transcriptional activation of S100A14. This may provide insight into the management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzheng Wu
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Zhenkun Dong
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yuhang Dong
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yinmei Chen
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Dexin Ding
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of UrologyHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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3
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Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Structural diversity of p63 and p73 isoforms. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:921-937. [PMID: 35314772 PMCID: PMC9091270 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 protein family is the most studied protein family of all. Sequence analysis and structure determination have revealed a high similarity of crucial domains between p53, p63 and p73. Functional studies, however, have shown a wide variety of different tasks in tumor suppression, quality control and development. Here we review the structure and organization of the individual domains of p63 and p73, the interaction of these domains in the context of full-length proteins and discuss the evolutionary origin of this protein family.
Facts
Distinct physiological roles/functions are performed by specific isoforms.
The non-divided transactivation domain of p63 has a constitutively high activity while the transactivation domains of p53/p73 are divided into two subdomains that are regulated by phosphorylation.
Mdm2 binds to all three family members but ubiquitinates only p53.
TAp63α forms an autoinhibited dimeric state while all other vertebrate p53 family isoforms are constitutively tetrameric.
The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 contain an additional helix that is necessary for stabilizing the tetrameric states. During evolution this helix got lost independently in different phylogenetic branches, while the DNA binding domain became destabilized and the transactivation domain split into two subdomains.
Open questions
Is the autoinhibitory mechanism of mammalian TAp63α conserved in p53 proteins of invertebrates that have the same function of genomic quality control in germ cells?
What is the physiological function of the p63/p73 SAM domains?
Do the short isoforms of p63 and p73 have physiological functions?
What are the roles of the N-terminal elongated TAp63 isoforms, TA* and GTA?
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Neira JL, Rizzuti B, Ortega-Alarcón D, Giudici AM, Abián O, Fárez-Vidal ME, Velázquez-Campoy A. The armadillo-repeat domain of plakophilin 1 binds the C-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) of p73. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129914. [PMID: 33872756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plakophilin 1 (PKP1) is a component of desmosomes, which are key structural components for cell-cell adhesion, and can also be found in other cell locations. The p53, p63 and p73 proteins belong to the p53 family of transcription factors, playing crucial roles in tumour suppression. The α-splice variant of p73 (p73α) has at its C terminus a sterile alpha motif (SAM); such domain, SAMp73, is involved in the interaction with other macromolecules. METHODS We studied the binding of SAMp73 with the armadillo domain of PKP1 (ARM-PKP1) in the absence and the presence of 100 mM NaCl, by using several biophysical techniques, namely fluorescence, far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking and simulations. RESULTS Association was observed between the two proteins, with a dissociation constant of ~5 μM measured by ITC and fluorescence in the absence of NaCl. The binding region of SAMp73 involved residues of the so-called "middle-loop-end-helix" binding region (i.e., comprising the third helix, together with the C terminus of the second one, and the N-cap of the fourth), as shown by 15N, 1H- HSQC-NMR spectra. Molecular modelling provided additional information on the possible structure of the binding complex. CONCLUSIONS This newly-observed interaction could have potential therapeutic relevance in the tumour pathways where PKP1 is involved, and under conditions when there is a possible inactivation of p53. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The discovery of the binding between SAMp73 and ARM-PKP1 suggests a functional role for their interaction, including the possibility that SAMp73 could assist PKP1 in signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Neira
- IDIBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - David Ortega-Alarcón
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Olga Abián
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Esther Fárez-Vidal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica IBS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Joint Units IQFR-CSIC-BIFI, GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Fundacion ARAID, Government of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Isoform-Specific Roles of Mutant p63 in Human Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030536. [PMID: 33572532 PMCID: PMC7866788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The protein p63 belongs to the family of the p53 tumor suppressor. Mouse models have, however, shown that it is not a classical tumor suppressor but instead involved in developmental processes. Mutations in the p63 gene cause several developmental defects in human patients characterized by limb deformation, cleft lip/palate, and ectodermal dysplasia due to p63’s role as a master regulator of epidermal development. In addition, p63 plays a key role as a quality control factor in oocytes and p63 mutations can result either in compromised genetic quality control or premature cell death of all oocytes. Abstract The p63 gene encodes a master regulator of epidermal commitment, development, and differentiation. Heterozygous mutations in the DNA binding domain cause Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal Dysplasia, characterized by limb deformation, cleft lip/palate, and ectodermal dysplasia while mutations in in the C-terminal domain of the α-isoform cause Ankyloblepharon-Ectodermal defects-Cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome, a life-threatening disorder characterized by skin fragility, severe, long-lasting skin erosions, and cleft lip/palate. The molecular disease mechanisms of these syndromes have recently become elucidated and have enhanced our understanding of the role of p63 in epidermal development. Here we review the molecular cause and functional consequences of these p63-mutations for skin development and discuss the consequences of p63 mutations for female fertility.
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Trevelyan SJ, Brewster JL, Burgess AE, Crowther JM, Cadell AL, Parker BL, Croucher DR, Dobson RCJ, Murphy JM, Mace PD. Structure-based mechanism of preferential complex formation by apoptosis signal–regulating kinases. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/622/eaay6318. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal–regulating kinases (ASK1, ASK2, and ASK3) are activators of the p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. ASK1–3 form oligomeric complexes known as ASK signalosomes that initiate signaling cascades in response to diverse stress stimuli. Here, we demonstrated that oligomerization of ASK proteins is driven by previously uncharacterized sterile-alpha motif (SAM) domains that reside at the carboxy-terminus of each ASK protein. SAM domains from ASK1–3 exhibited distinct behaviors, with the SAM domain of ASK1 forming unstable oligomers, that of ASK2 remaining predominantly monomeric, and that of ASK3 forming a stable oligomer even at a low concentration. In contrast to their behavior in isolation, the ASK1 and ASK2 SAM domains preferentially formed a stable heterocomplex. The crystal structure of the ASK3 SAM domain, small-angle x-ray scattering, and mutagenesis suggested that ASK3 oligomers and ASK1-ASK2 complexes formed discrete, quasi-helical rings through interactions between the mid-loop of one molecule and the end helix of another molecule. Preferential ASK1-ASK2 binding was consistent with mass spectrometry showing that full-length ASK1 formed hetero-oligomeric complexes incorporating large amounts of ASK2. Accordingly, disrupting the association between SAM domains impaired ASK activity in the context of electrophilic stress induced by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). These findings provide a structural template for how ASK proteins assemble foci that drive inflammatory signaling and reinforce the notion that strategies to target ASK proteins should consider the concerted actions of multiple ASK family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Trevelyan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland St., Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jodi L. Brewster
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland St., Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Abigail E. Burgess
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland St., Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer M. Crowther
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Antonia L. Cadell
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Parker
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David R. Croucher
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Renwick C. J. Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James M. Murphy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter D. Mace
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 710 Cumberland St., Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Vincenzi M, Mercurio FA, Leone M. Sam Domains in Multiple Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:450-476. [PMID: 30306850 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181009114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile alpha motif (Sam) domain is a small helical protein module, able to undergo homo- and hetero-oligomerization, as well as polymerization, thus forming different types of protein architectures. A few Sam domains are involved in pathological processes and consequently, they represent valuable targets for the development of new potential therapeutic routes. This study intends to collect state-of-the-art knowledge on the different modes by which Sam domains can favor disease onset and progression. METHODS This review was build up by searching throughout the literature, for: a) the structural properties of Sam domains, b) interactions mediated by a Sam module, c) presence of a Sam domain in proteins relevant for a specific disease. RESULTS Sam domains appear crucial in many diseases including cancer, renal disorders, cataracts. Often pathologies are linked to mutations directly positioned in the Sam domains that alter their stability and/or affect interactions that are crucial for proper protein functions. In only a few diseases, the Sam motif plays a kind of "side role" and cooperates to the pathological event by enhancing the action of a different protein domain. CONCLUSION Considering the many roles of the Sam domain into a significant variety of diseases, more efforts and novel drug discovery campaigns need to be engaged to find out small molecules and/or peptides targeting Sam domains. Such compounds may represent the pillars on which to build novel therapeutic strategies to cure different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Vincenzi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Anna Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Cirpeb, InterUniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.,Cirpeb, InterUniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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8
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p63 is a cereblon substrate involved in thalidomide teratogenicity. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:1077-1084. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Lin-Shiao E, Lan Y, Welzenbach J, Alexander KA, Zhang Z, Knapp M, Mangold E, Sammons M, Ludwig KU, Berger SL. p63 establishes epithelial enhancers at critical craniofacial development genes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw0946. [PMID: 31049400 PMCID: PMC6494499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a key mediator of epidermal development. Point mutations in p63 in patients lead to developmental defects, including orofacial clefting. To date, knowledge on how pivotal the role of p63 is in human craniofacial development is limited. Using an inducible transdifferentiation model, combined with epigenomic sequencing and multicohort meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies data, we show that p63 establishes enhancers at craniofacial development genes to modulate their transcription. Disease-specific substitution mutation in the DNA binding domain or sterile alpha motif protein interaction domain of p63, respectively, eliminates or reduces establishment of these enhancers. We show that enhancers established by p63 are highly enriched for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip ± cleft palate (CL/P). These orthogonal approaches indicate a strong molecular link between p63 enhancer function and CL/P, illuminating molecular mechanisms underlying this developmental defect and revealing vital regulatory elements and new candidate causative genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lin-Shiao
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia Welzenbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Morgan Sammons
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epigenetics Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kawai T, Hayashi R, Nakai H, Shimomura Y, Kurban M, Hamie L, Fujikawa H, Fujimoto A, Abe R. A heterozygous mutation in the SAM domain of p63 underlies a mild form of ectodermal dysplasia. J Dermatol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29526522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawai
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Lamiaa Hamie
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiroki Fujikawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujimoto
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Protein aggregation of the p63 transcription factor underlies severe skin fragility in AEC syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E906-E915. [PMID: 29339502 PMCID: PMC5798343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713773115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 gene encodes a master regulator of epidermal development and function. Specific mutations in p63 are causative of a life-threatening disorder mainly characterized by severe skin erosions and cleft palate. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying disease pathology and possible treatments. Based on biochemical studies, genetic mouse models, and functional assays, we demonstrate that these mutations cause p63 protein misfolding and aggregation. Protein aggregation lead to reduced DNA binding and impaired transcriptional activity. Importantly, genetic modifications of p63 that abolish aggregation of the mutant proteins rescue its function, revealing that ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate syndrome is a protein aggregation disorder and opening avenues for therapeutic intervention. The p63 gene encodes a master regulator of epidermal commitment, development, and differentiation. Heterozygous mutations in the C-terminal domain of the p63 gene can cause ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome, a life-threatening disorder characterized by skin fragility and severe, long-lasting skin erosions. Despite deep knowledge of p63 functions, little is known about mechanisms underlying disease pathology and possible treatments. Here, we show that multiple AEC-associated p63 mutations, but not those causative of other diseases, lead to thermodynamic protein destabilization, misfolding, and aggregation, similar to the known p53 gain-of-function mutants found in cancer. AEC mutant proteins exhibit impaired DNA binding and transcriptional activity, leading to dominant negative effects due to coaggregation with wild-type p63 and p73. Importantly, p63 aggregation occurs also in a conditional knock-in mouse model for the disorder, in which the misfolded p63 mutant protein leads to severe epidermal defects. Variants of p63 that abolish aggregation of the mutant proteins are able to rescue p63’s transcriptional function in reporter assays as well as in a human fibroblast-to-keratinocyte conversion assay. Our studies reveal that AEC syndrome is a protein aggregation disorder and opens avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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12
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Katoh I, Fukunishi N, Fujimuro M, Kasai H, Moriishi K, Hata RI, Kurata SI. Repression of Wnt/β-catenin response elements by p63 (TP63). Cell Cycle 2016; 15:699-710. [PMID: 26890356 PMCID: PMC4845946 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1148837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Submitted: TP63 (p63), a member of the tumor suppressor TP53 (p53) gene family, is expressed in keratinocyte stem cells and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas to maintain cellular potential for growth and differentiation. Controversially, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling by p63 (Patturajan M. et al., 2002, Cancer Cells) and inhibition of the target gene expression (Drewelus I. et al., 2010, Cell Cycle) have been reported. Upon p63 RNA-silencing in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines, a few Wnt target gene expression substantially increased, while several target genes moderately decreased. Although ΔNp63α, the most abundant isoform of p63, appeared to interact with protein phosphatase PP2A, neither GSK-3β phosphorylation nor β-catenin nuclear localization was altered by the loss of p63. As reported earlier, ΔNp63α enhanced β-catenin-dependent luc gene expression from pGL3-OT having 3 artificial Wnt response elements (WREs). However, this activation was detectable only in HEK293 cells examined so far, and involved a p53 family-related sequence 5' to the WREs. In Wnt3-expressing SAOS-2 cells, ΔNp63α rather strongly inhibited transcription of pGL3-OT. Importantly, ΔNp63α repressed WREs isolated from the regulatory regions of MMP7. ΔNp63α-TCF4 association occurred in their soluble forms in the nucleus. Furthermore, p63 and TCF4 coexisted at a WRE of MMP7 on the chromatin, where β-catenin recruitment was attenuated. The combined results indicate that ΔNp63α serves as a repressor that regulates β-catenin-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyoko Katoh
- a Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo , Yamanashi , Japan.,b Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Nahoko Fukunishi
- c Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- d Department of Cell Biology , Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hirotake Kasai
- e Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo , Yamanashi , Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- e Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Chuo , Yamanashi , Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hata
- b Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Kurata
- b Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University , Yokosuka , Japan.,c Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
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13
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Kehrloesser S, Osterburg C, Tuppi M, Schäfer B, Vousden KH, Dötsch V. Intrinsic aggregation propensity of the p63 and p73 TI domains correlates with p53R175H interaction and suggests further significance of aggregation events in the p53 family. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1952-1960. [PMID: 27447112 PMCID: PMC5136486 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high percentage of p53 missense mutations found in cancer has been attributed to mutant acquired oncogenic gain of functions. Different aspects of these tumour-promoting functions are caused by repression of the transcriptional activity of p53 family members p63 and p73. A subset of frequently occurring p53 mutations results in thermodynamic destabilisation of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) rendering this domain highly unstable. These conformational mutants (such as p53R175H) have been suggested to directly bind to p63 and p73 via a co-aggregation mechanism mediated by their DBDs. Although the DBDs of p63 and p73 are in fact not sufficient for the interaction as shown previously, we demonstrate here that the transactivation inhibitory (TI) domains within the α-isoform-specific C termini of p63 and p73 are essential for binding to p53R175H. Hence, the closed dimeric conformation of inactive TAp63α that renders the TI domain inaccessible prevents efficient interaction. We further show that binding to p53R175H correlates with an intrinsic aggregation propensity of the tetrameric α-isoforms conferred by an openly accessible TI domain again supporting interaction via a co-aggregation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kehrloesser
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Birgit Schäfer
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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14
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Gonzalez F, Loidi L, Abalo-Lojo JM. Novel variant in the TP63 gene associated to ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:277-280. [PMID: 27485918 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1210649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a disorder resulting from anomalous embryonic development of ectodermal tissues. There is evidence that AEC syndrome is caused by mutations in the TP63 gene, which encodes the p63 protein. This is an important regulatory protein involved in epidermal proliferation and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genome sequencing was performed in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of a newborn with AEC syndrome and her parents. Variants were searched in all coding exons and intron-exon boundaries of the TP63 gene. RESULTS A heterozygous missense variant (NM_003722.4:c.1063G>C (p.Asp355His) was found in the newborn patient. No variants were found in either of the parents. CONCLUSIONS We identified a previously unreported variant in TP63 gene which seems to be involved in the somatic malformations found in the AEC syndrome. The absence of this variant in both parents suggests that the variant appeared de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gonzalez
- a Department of Surgery and CIMUS , University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain.,b Service of Ophthalmology and IDIS , Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Lourdes Loidi
- c Fundación Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, SERGAS , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Jose M Abalo-Lojo
- b Service of Ophthalmology and IDIS , Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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15
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Sayou C, Nanao MH, Jamin M, Posé D, Thévenon E, Grégoire L, Tichtinsky G, Denay G, Ott F, Peirats Llobet M, Schmid M, Dumas R, Parcy F. A SAM oligomerization domain shapes the genomic binding landscape of the LEAFY transcription factor. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11222. [PMID: 27097556 PMCID: PMC4844672 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms directing transcription factors (TFs) to specific genome regions is essential to understand and predict transcriptional regulation. TFs recognize short DNA motifs primarily through their DNA-binding domain. Some TFs also possess an oligomerization domain suspected to potentiate DNA binding but for which the genome-wide influence remains poorly understood. Here we focus on the LEAFY transcription factor, a master regulator of flower development in angiosperms. We have determined the crystal structure of its conserved amino-terminal domain, revealing an unanticipated Sterile Alpha Motif oligomerization domain. We show that this domain is essential to LEAFY floral function. Moreover, combined biochemical and genome-wide assays suggest that oligomerization is required for LEAFY to access regions with low-affinity binding sites or closed chromatin. This finding shows that domains that do not directly contact DNA can nevertheless have a profound impact on the DNA binding landscape of a TF. The LEAFY transcription factor is a master regulator of flower development in plants. Here the authors describe the structure of a LEAFY oligomerization domain and show that mutations that disrupt oligomerization alter its capacity to bind low affinity and poorly accessible target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sayou
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Max H Nanao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Jamin
- Institut de Biologie Structurale CEA/DRF, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - David Posé
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Thévenon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Gabrielle Tichtinsky
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Grégoire Denay
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Felix Ott
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marta Peirats Llobet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - François Parcy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR 1417, 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
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16
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Coutandin D, Osterburg C, Srivastav RK, Sumyk M, Kehrloesser S, Gebel J, Tuppi M, Hannewald J, Schäfer B, Salah E, Mathea S, Müller-Kuller U, Doutch J, Grez M, Knapp S, Dötsch V. Quality control in oocytes by p63 is based on a spring-loaded activation mechanism on the molecular and cellular level. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27021569 PMCID: PMC4876613 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are arrested in the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I for long
periods of time, during which the high concentration of the p53 family member TAp63α
sensitizes them to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. TAp63α is kept in an inactive and
exclusively dimeric state but undergoes rapid phosphorylation-induced tetramerization
and concomitant activation upon detection of DNA damage. Here we show that the TAp63α
dimer is a kinetically trapped state. Activation follows a spring-loaded mechanism
not requiring further translation of other cellular factors in oocytes and is
associated with unfolding of the inhibitory structure that blocks the tetramerization
interface. Using a combination of biophysical methods as well as cell and ovary
culture experiments we explain how TAp63α is kept inactive in the absence of DNA
damage but causes rapid oocyte elimination in response to a few DNA double strand
breaks thereby acting as the key quality control factor in maternal reproduction. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13909.001 The irradiation and chemotherapy drugs that are used to destroy cancer cells also
damage healthy cells. Germ cells – from which egg cells and sperm cells develop – are
particularly vulnerable as they contain sensitive quality control mechanisms that
kill any cell that contain damaged DNA. Consequently, after surviving cancer many
patients are confronted with infertility. A protein called p63, which is closely related to another protein that suppresses the
formation of tumors, plays an essential role in detecting and responding to DNA
damage. In immature egg cells (also known as oocytes), p63 mostly exists in an
inactive form. The protein then switches to an active form when DNA damage is
detected to trigger the process of cell self-destruction. Now, Coutandin, Osterburg et al. have performed a range of biochemical, biophysical
and cell culture experiments to study how p63 is kept in its inactive form in the
oocytes of mice. The experiments showed that in the inactive form, the two ends of
the protein form a sheet that closes a key site on the protein and prevents it from
changing into its active form. However, this closed form can be thought of as being
like a spring-loaded trap – it doesn’t take much energy to spring the trap and open
the protein into its active form. Once this change has occurred, it is
irreversible. Coutandin, Osterburg et al. also found that the oocytes of mice already contain all
the proteins necessary to activate p63. This means that once the switch to the active
form is triggered there is no delay waiting for other proteins to be made, which
makes oocytes extremely sensitive to DNA damage. Further work is now needed to
investigate the exact molecular mechanisms behind the activation of p63. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13909.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coutandin
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Srivastav
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuela Sumyk
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kehrloesser
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel Tuppi
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Hannewald
- MS-DTB-C Protein Purification, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgit Schäfer
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Doutch
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Science, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Neira JL. Structural dissection of the C-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) of human p73. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 558:133-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Uversky VN, Davé V, Iakoucheva LM, Malaney P, Metallo SJ, Pathak RR, Joerger AC. Pathological unfoldomics of uncontrolled chaos: intrinsically disordered proteins and human diseases. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6844-79. [PMID: 24830552 PMCID: PMC4100540 DOI: 10.1021/cr400713r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lilia M. Iakoucheva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Prerna Malaney
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Steven J. Metallo
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Ravi Ramesh Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Andreas C. Joerger
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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19
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Natan E, Joerger AC. Structure and kinetic stability of the p63 tetramerization domain. J Mol Biol 2011; 415:503-13. [PMID: 22100306 PMCID: PMC3277882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family of transcription factors--comprising p53, p63 and p73--plays an important role in tumor prevention and development. Essential to their function is the formation of tetramers, allowing cooperative binding to their DNA response elements. We solved crystal structures of the human p63 tetramerization domain, showing that p63 forms a dimer of dimers with D₂ symmetry composed of highly intertwined monomers. The primary dimers are formed via an intramolecular β-sheet and hydrophobic helix packing (H1), a hallmark of all p53 family members. Like p73, but unlike p53, p63 requires a second helix (H2) to stabilize the architecture of the tetramer. In order to investigate the impact of structural differences on tetramer stability, we measured the subunit exchange reaction of p53 family homotetramers by nanoflow electrospray mass spectrometry. There were differences in both the kinetics and the pattern of the exchange reaction, with the p53 and p63 tetramers exhibiting much faster exchange kinetics than p73. The structural similarity between p63 and p73 rationalizes previous observations that p63 and p73 form mixed tetramers, and the kinetic data reveal the dissociation of the p73 homotetramers as the rate-limiting step for heterotetramer formation. Differential stability of the tetramers may play an important role in the cross talk between different isoforms and regulation of p53, p63 and p73 function in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eviatar Natan
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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20
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Chung J, Grant RI, Kaplan DR, Irwin MS. Special AT-rich binding protein-2 (SATB2) differentially affects disease-causing p63 mutant proteins. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40671-80. [PMID: 21965674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.271189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p63, a p53 family member, is critical for proper skin and limb development and directly regulates gene expression in the ectoderm. Mice lacking p63 exhibit skin and craniofacial defects including cleft palate. In humans p63 mutations are associated with several distinct developmental syndromes. p63 sterile-α-motif domain, AEC (ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting)-associated mutations are associated with a high prevalence of orofacial clefting disorders, which are less common in EEC (ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting) patients with DNA binding domain p63 mutations. However, the mechanisms by which these mutations differentially influence p63 function remain unclear, and interactions with other proteins implicated in craniofacial development have not been identified. Here, we show that AEC p63 mutations affect the ability of the p63 protein to interact with special AT-rich binding protein-2 (SATB2), which has recently also been implicated in the development of cleft palate. p63 and SATB2 are co-expressed early in development in the ectoderm of the first and second branchial arches, two essential sites where signaling is required for craniofacial patterning. SATB2 attenuates p63-mediated gene expression of perp (p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22), a critical downstream target gene during development, and specifically decreases p63 perp promoter binding. Interestingly, AEC but not EEC p63 mutations affect the ability of p63 to interact with SATB2 and the inhibitory effects of SATB2 on p63 transactivation of perp are most pronounced for AEC-associated p63 mutations. Our findings reveal a novel gain-of-function property of AEC-causing p63 mutations and identify SATB2 as the first p63 binding partner that differentially influences AEC and EEC p63 mutant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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