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Yang J, Wang Z, Wang C, Tang D, Zang Z, Stover NA, Chen X, Li L. Single-cell transcriptome reveals cell division-regulated hub genes in the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium. Eur J Protistol 2023; 89:125978. [PMID: 37080141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The transition from growth to division during the cell cycle encompasses numerous conserved processes such as large-scale DNA replication and protein synthesis. In ciliate cells, asexual cell division is accompanied by additional cellular changes including amitotic nuclear division, extensive ciliogenesis, and trichocyst replication. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. In this study, we present single-cell gene expression profiles of Paramecium cf. multimicronucleatum cells undergoing cell division. Our results reveal that the most up-regulated genes in dividing cells compared to growing cells are associated with 1) cell cycle signaling pathways including transcription, DNA replication, chromosome segregation and protein degradation; 2) microtubule proteins and tubulin glycylases which are essential for ciliogenesis, nuclei separation and structural differentiation signaling; and 3) trichocyst matrix proteins involved in trichocyst synthesis and reproduction. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified hub genes that may play crucial roles during cell division. Our findings provide insights into cell cycle regulators, microtubules and trichocyst matrix proteins that may exert influence on this process in ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Danxu Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zihan Zang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Naomi A Stover
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria 61625, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lifang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity & Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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Qin Z, Wu YN, Sun TT, Ma T, Xu M, Pang C, Li SW, Li S. Arabidopsis RAN GTPases are critical for mitosis during male and female gametogenesis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1892-1903. [PMID: 35680649 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of male and female gametophytes is a prerequisite for successful propagation of angiosperms. The small GTPases RAN play fundamental roles in numerous cellular processes. Although RAN GTPases have been characterized in plants, their roles in cellular processes are far from understood. We report here that RAN GTPases in Arabidopsis are critical for gametophytic development. RAN1 loss-of-function showed no defects in gametophytic development likely due to redundancy. However, the expression of a dominant negative or constitutively active RAN1 resulted in gametophytic lethality. Genetic interference of RAN GTPases caused the arrest of pollen mitosis I and of mitosis of functional megaspores, implying a key role of properly regulated RAN activity in mitosis during gametophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tian-Tian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Silencing of ciliary protein ZMYND10 affects amitotic macronucleus division in Paramecium tetraurelia. Eur J Protistol 2022; 82:125863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lv H, Hu L, Xu J, Bo T, Wang W. Identification and functional analysis of the mitochondrial cysteine synthase TtCsa2 from Tetrahymena thermophila. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1817-1831. [PMID: 34427342 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is a crucial component for all organisms and plays a critical role in the structure, stability, and catalytic functions of many proteins. Tetrahymena has reverse transsulfuration and de novo pathways for cysteine biosynthesis. Cysteine synthase is involved in the de novo cysteine biosynthesis and catalyzes the production of cysteine from O-acetylserine. The novel cysteine synthase TtCSA2 was identified from Tetrahymena thermophila. The TtCSA2 showed high expression levels at the log-phase and the sexual development stage. The TtCsa2 was localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane throughout different developmental stages. However, the truncated N-terminal signal peptide mutant TtCsa2-ΔN23 was localized into the mitochondria. His-TtCsa2 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity chromatography. The His-TtCsa2 showed O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and serine sulfhydrylase activities. Cysteine and glutathione contents decreased in the csa2KD mutant. Furthermore, mutant cells were sensitive to cadmium and copper stresses. This study indicated that the TtCSA2 was involved in the cysteine synthesis in mitochondria and related to heavy metal stresses resistance in Tetrahymena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Lv H, Xu J, Bo T, Wang W. Characterization of Cystathionine β-Synthase TtCbs1 and Cysteine Synthase TtCsa1 Involved in Cysteine Biosynthesis in Tetrahymena thermophila. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 68:e12834. [PMID: 33190347 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine is implicated in important biological processes. It is synthesized through two different pathways. Cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase participate in the reverse transsulfuration pathway, while serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase function in the de novo pathway. Two evolutionarily related pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase TtCBS1 (TTHERM_00558300) and cysteine synthase TtCSA1 (TTHERM_00239430), were identified from a freshwater protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. TtCbs1 contained the N-terminal heme binding domain, catalytic domain, and C-terminal regulatory domain, whereas TtCsa1 consisted of two α/β domains. The catalytic core of the two enzymes is similar. TtCBS1 and TtCSA1 showed high expression levels in the vegetative growth stage and decreased during the sexual developmental stage. TtCbs1 and TtCsa1 were localized in the cytoplasm throughout different developmental stages. His-TtCbs1 and His-TtCsa1 were expressed and purified in vitro. TtCbs1 catalyzed the canonical reaction with the highest velocity and possessed serine sulfhydrylase activity. TtCsa1 showed cysteine synthase activity with high Km for O-acetylserine and low Km for sulfide and also had serine sulfhydrylase activity toward serine. Both TtCbs1 and TtCsa1 catalyzed hydrogen sulfide producing. TtCBS1 knockdown and TtCSA1 knockout mutants affected cysteine and glutathione synthesis. TtCbs1 and TtCsa1 are involved in cysteine synthesis through two different pathways in T. thermophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Liang HX, Liu HW. Inducible Expression of Ran1 and Its GDP- and GTP-Bound Mimetic Mutants Leads to Defects in Amitosis and Cytokinesis with Abnormal Cytoplasmic Microtubule Assembly. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Liang H, Xu J, Wang W. Ran1 is essential for parental macronuclear import of apoptosis-inducing factor and programmed nuclear death in Tetrahymena thermophila. FEBS J 2019; 286:913-929. [PMID: 30663224 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During programmed nuclear death (PND), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocates from mitochondria to the parental macronucleus (MAC) in Tetrahymena thermophila. In the degenerating parental MAC, AIF induces chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation in a caspase-independent manner. However, the regulation of AIF nuclear translocation and molecular mechanism of PND are less clear. In this study, we demonstrated that the asymmetric distribution of nuclear GDP-bound Ran1-mimetic mutant Ran1T25N and cytoplasmic GTP-bound Ran1-mimetic mutant Ran1Q70L exists across the parental macronuclear-cytoplasmic barrier during PND. Knockdown of RAN1 led to defects in PND progression and failure of parental macronuclear accumulation of AIF. Moreover, AIF parental macronuclear import occurred in Ran1T25N mutants, while it was inhibited in Ran1Q70L mutants. Importantly, artificial accumulation of AIF in the parental MAC rescued PND progression defects in RAN1 knockdown mutants. These data suggest that Ran1 is essential for parental macronuclear import of AIF and PND in T. thermophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,MicroNano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information & Computer Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Kaczanowski A, Kiersnowska M. Formation and degradation of large extrusion bodies in Tetrahymena thermophila: The role of intramacronuclear microtubules in chromatin segregation. Eur J Protistol 2018; 66:177-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jiang X, Zhang D, Zhang H, Huang Y, Teng M. Role of Ran-regulated nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of pVHL in the regulation of microtubular stability-mediated HIF-1α in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9193. [PMID: 25779090 PMCID: PMC4361876 DOI: 10.1038/srep09193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that microtubule network alteration affects the process of glycolysis in cardiomyocytes (CMs) via the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α during the early stages of hypoxia. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of microtubule network alteration-induced changes of HIF-1α. The von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) has been shown to mediate the ubiquitination of HIF-1α in the nuclear compartment prior to HIF-1α exportation to the cytoplasm, and pVHL dynamic nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking is indicated to be involved in the process of HIF-1α degradation. In this study, by administering different microtubule-stabilizing and -depolymerizing interventions, we demonstrated that microtubule stabilization promoted pVHL nuclear export and drove the translocation of pVHL to the cytoplasm, while microtubule disruption prevented pVHL nuclear export in hypoxic CMs. Moreover, the ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic pVHL was associated with HIF-1α regulation. Importantly, microtubule network alteration also affected the subcellular localization of Ran, which was involved in the regulation of pVHL nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking. The above results suggest that the subcellular translocation of pVHL plays an important role in microtubular structure alteration-induced HIF-1α regulation. Interestingly, Ran is involved in the process of pVHL nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking following microtubule network alteration in hypoxic CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupin Jiang
- 1] Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China [2] Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengshu Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Teng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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