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Carnet Le Provost K, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Bezu L. Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2284486. [PMID: 38126031 PMCID: PMC10732641 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2284486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catecholamines directly act on β-adrenoreceptors present on tumor cells, thereby stimulating survival, proliferation, and migration of nascent neoplasms. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that blocking adrenergic receptors slows tumor growth, suggesting potential clinical benefits of using β-blockers in cancer therapy. Much of these positive effects of β-blockade are mediated by improved immunosurveillance. The present trial watch summarizes current knowledge from preclinical and clinical studies investigating the anticancer effects of β-blockers either as standalone agents or in combination with conventional antineoplastic treatments or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Carnet Le Provost
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Département d’anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel, Villejuif, France
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Ding Q, Tian XG, Li Y, Wang QZ, Zhang CQ. Carvedilol may attenuate liver cirrhosis by inhibiting angiogenesis through the VEGF-Src-ERK signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9566-76. [PMID: 26327764 PMCID: PMC4548117 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i32.9566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis and the underlying signaling pathways. METHODS The effect of carvedilol on angiogenesis was examined using a human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) model. The effect of carvedilol on cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of carvedilol on cell cycle progression. Cell migration, transwell migration and tube formation assays were performed to analyze the effect of carvedilol on HUVEC function. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced activation of HUVECs, which were pretreated with different carvedilol concentrations or none. Western blot analysis detected the phosphorylation levels of three cell signaling pathway proteins, VEGFR-2, Src, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The specific Src inhibitor PP2 was used to assess the role of Src in the VEGF-induced angiogenic pathway. RESULTS Carvedilol inhibited HUVEC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 38.5 mmol/L). The distribution of cells in the S phase decreased from 43.6% to 37.2%, 35.6% and 17.8% by 1, 5 and 10 μmol/L carvedilol for 24 h, respectively. Carvedilol (10 μmol/L) reduced VEGF-induced HUVEC migration from 67.54 ± 7.83 to 37.11 ± 3.533 (P < 0.001). Carvedilol concentrations of 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L reduced cell invasion from 196.3% ± 18.76% to 114.0% ± 12.20% and 51.68% ± 8.28%, respectively. VEGF-induced tube formation was also reduced significantly by 5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L carvedilol from 286.0 ± 36.72 to 135.7 ± 18.13 (P < 0.05) and 80.27 ± 11.16 (P < 0.01) respectively. We investigated several intracellular protein levels to determine the reason for these reductions. Treatment with 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 from 175.5% ± 8.54% to 52.67% ± 5.33% (P < 0.01). Additionally, 10 μmol/L carvedilol reduced VEGF-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation from 181.9% ± 18.61% to 56.45% ± 7.64% (P < 0.01). The VEGF-induced increase in Src kinase activity was alleviated by carvedilol [decreased from 141.8% ± 15.37% to 53.57 ± 7.18% (P < 0.01) and 47.04% ± 9.74% (P < 0.01) at concentrations of 5 and 10 μmol/L, respectively]. Pretreatment of HUVECs with Src kinase inhibitor almost completely prevented the VEGF-induced ERK upregulation [decreased from 213.2% ± 27.68% to 90.96% ± 17.16% (P < 0.01)]. CONCLUSION Carvedilol has an anti-angiogenic effect on HUVECs. This inhibitory effect is mediated by VEGF-induced Src-ERK signaling pathways.
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Carvedilol use is associated with reduced cancer risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:9-13. [PMID: 25705003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of carvedilol on the incidence of cancer in a large population-based cohort study. METHODS Data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The cohort study included 6771 patients who received long-term carvedilol treatment between 2000 and 2010 (carvedilol cohort) and 6771 matched controls (noncarvedilol cohort). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of cancer in the patients treated with carvedilol. RESULTS With the mean follow-up period of 5.17 years and 4.93 years in the carvedilol and noncarvedilol cohorts, respectively, the patients in the carvedilol cohort had a 26% reduction of cancer risk compared with those in the noncarvedilol cohort (hazard ratio [HR]=0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.63-0.87; p<.001). The sex-specific carvedilol to noncarvedilol relative risk was lower for both women (HR=0.73; 95% CI=0.56-0.94) and men (HR=0.75; 95% CI=0.61-0.92). Moreover, stratified by cancer site, treatment with carvedilol in the carvedilol cohort resulted in significantly lower incidence of stomach and lung cancers than in the noncarvedilol cohort. CONCLUSION This nationwide population-based cohort study demonstrated that long-term treatment with carvedilol is associated with reduced upper gastrointestinal tract and lung cancer risk, indicating that carvedilol could be a potential agent in these cancers prevention.
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Chang HT, Huang CC, Cheng HH, Lu T, Wang JL, Lin KL, Hsu PT, Tsai JY, Liao WC, Lu YC, Huang JK, Jan CR. Effects of MK-886, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, on [Ca2+]i and apoptosis in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Drug Dev Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chang HT, Huang CC, Cheng HH, Wang JL, Lin KL, Hsu PT, Tsai JY, Liao WC, Lu YC, Huang JK, Jan CR. Mechanisms of AM404-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rise and death in human osteosarcoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2008; 179:53-8. [PMID: 18485626 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) arachidonoyl-ethanolamide (AM404), a drug commonly used to inhibit the anandamide transporter, on intracellular free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and viability was studied in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and WST-1, respectively. AM404 at concentrations > or = 5 microM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 60 microM. The Ca2+ signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca2+. AM404 induced Mn2+ quench of fura-2 fluorescence implicating Ca2+ influx. The Ca2+ influx was sensitive to La3+, Ni2+, nifedipine and verapamil. In Ca2+-free medium, after pretreatment with 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor), AM404-induced [Ca2+]i rise was abolished; and conversely, AM404 pretreatment totally inhibited thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not change AM404-induced [Ca2+]i rise. At concentrations between 10 and 200 microM, AM404 killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner presumably by inducing apoptotic cell death. The cytotoxic effect of 50 microM AM404 was partly reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. Collectively, in MG63 cells, AM404 induced [Ca2+]i rise by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in a phospholipase C-independent manner, and Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels. AM404 caused cytotoxicity which was possibly mediated by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Mechanisms of carvedilol-induced [Ca2+] i rises and death in human hepatoma cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2007; 376:185-94. [PMID: 17917717 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the cardiovascular drug carvedilol on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability has not been explored in human hepatoma cells. This study examined whether carvedilol altered [Ca2+]i and caused cell death in HA59T cells. [Ca2+]i and cell viability were measured using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and WST-1, respectively. Carvedilol at concentrations >or=1 microM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 20 microM. The Ca2+ signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca2+. Carvedilol induced Mn2+ quench of fura-2 fluorescence, implicating Ca2+ influx. The Ca2+ influx was sensitive to La3+, econazole, nifedipine, and SKF96365. In Ca2+-free medium, after pretreatment with 1 muM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor), carvedilol-induced [Ca2+]i rises were abolished; and conversely, carvedilol pretreatment inhibited a major part of thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122 did not change carvedilol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. At concentrations between 1 and 50 microM, carvedilol killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of 1 microM (but not 30 microM) carvedilol was fully reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Apoptosis was induced by 30 (but not 1) microM carvedilol. Collectively, in HA59T hepatoma cells, carvedilol induced [Ca2+]i rises by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in a phospholipase-C-independent manner and Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ channels. Carvedilol-caused cytotoxicity was mediated by Ca2+ and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Bone biology and physiology: implications for novel osteoblastic osteosarcoma treatments? Med Hypotheses 2007; 70:281-6. [PMID: 17683874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Healthy bone undergoes a continuous cycle of bone resorption by osteoclasts and formation by osteoblasts. These processes are in turn regulated by developmental sequences involved in differentiation of bone marrow puripotent mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts and mononuclear hemaotpoitic stem cells into osteoclasts. A variety of growth factors and receptors are involved in these maturation sequences. Osteoblast proliferation and inhibition, for example, are highly dependent not only on such factors as bone morphogenic protein and core binding factor a1 (CBFa1), but on intracellular levels of calcium and cAMP. Therefore, agents that affect concentrations of these two compounds may hypothetically play a role in osteoblastic osteosarcoma treatment. Osteoblast proliferation is also under neural control; in particular, the activity of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha adrenergic 1 receptors. Antagonists to these receptors may also hypothetically play a role in osteoblastic osteosarcoma therapy. This article reviews the basic science supporting the putative roles of common, relatively safe but disparate agents-ranging from caffeine and theophylline to dextromethorphan and econazole-in the potential treatment of osteoblastic osteosarcoma.
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Chu ST, Cheng HH, Huang CJ, Chang HC, Chi CC, Su HH, Hsu SS, Wang JL, Chen IS, Liu SI, Lu YC, Huang JK, Ho CM, Jan CR. Phospholipase A2-independent Ca2+ entry and subsequent apoptosis induced by melittin in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Life Sci 2006; 80:364-9. [PMID: 17054998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melittin, a peptide from bee venom, is thought to be a phospholipase A(2) activator and Ca(2+) influx inducer that can evoke cell death in different cell types. However, the effect of melittin on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and viability has not been explored in human osteoblast-like cells. This study examined whether melittin altered [Ca(2+)](i) and killed cells in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. [Ca(2+)](i) changes and cell viability were measured by using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and WST-1, respectively. Melittin at concentrations above 0.075 microM increased [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca(2+) signal was abolished by removing extracellular Ca(2+). Melittin-induced Ca(2+) entry was confirmed by Mn(2+) quenching of fura-2 fluorescence at 360 nm excitation wavelength which was Ca(2+)-insensitive. The melittin-induced Ca(2+) influx was unchanged by modulation of protein kinase-C activity with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and GF 109203X, or inhibition of phospholipase A(2) with AACOCF(3) and aristolochic acid; but was substantially inhibited by blocking L-type Ca(2+) channels. At concentrations of 0.5 microM and 1 microM, melittin killed 33% and 45% of cells, respectively, via inducing apoptosis. Lower concentrations of melittin failed to kill cells. The cytotoxic effect of 1 microM melittin was completely reversed by pre-chelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA. Taken together, these data showed that in MG63 cells, melittin induced a [Ca(2+)](i) increase by causing Ca(2+) entry through L-type Ca(2+) channels in a manner independent of protein kinase-C and phospholipase A(2) activity; and this [Ca(2+)](i) increase subsequently caused apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau-Tung Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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Wang JL, Liu CS, Lin KL, Chou CT, Hsieh CH, Chang CH, Chen WC, Liu SI, Hsu SS, Chang HT, Jan CR. Nonylphenol-induced Ca2+ elevation and Ca2+-independent cell death in human osteosarcoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2005; 160:76-83. [PMID: 16026941 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the environmental toxicant nonylphenol on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and proliferation has not been explored in human osteoblast-like cells. This study examined whether nonylphenol alters Ca2+ levels and causes cell death in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. [Ca2+]i and cell death were measured using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and WST-1 respectively. Nonylphenol at concentrations above 3 microM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca2+ signal was reduced by 90% by removing extracellular Ca2+. The nonylphenol-induced Ca2+ influx was insensitive to blockade of L-type Ca2+ channel blockers. After pretreatment with 10 microM nonylphenol, 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) failed to induce [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122 did not change nonylphenol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. The nonylphenol-induced [Ca2+]i rises were enhanced or inhibited by phorbol myristate acetate or GF 109203X, respectively. At concentrations of 10 and 20 microM nonylphenol killed 55% and 100% cells, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of 10 microM nonylphenol was unaltered by pre-chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA. Collectively, in MG63 cells, nonylphenol induced [Ca2+]i rises by causing Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and Ca2+ influx from extracellular space. Furthermore, nonylphenol can cause Ca2+-unrelated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, ROC
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Reid IR, Lucas J, Wattie D, Horne A, Bolland M, Gamble GD, Davidson JS, Grey AB. Effects of a beta-blocker on bone turnover in normal postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:5212-6. [PMID: 15998769 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The central nervous system has been demonstrated to regulate bone mass in mice, possibly via the beta2-adrenoreceptors on osteoblasts. beta-blockers increase bone mass in mice, and some observational studies have suggested a beneficial effect of these drugs on bone in humans EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS We studied 41 normal postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a randomized, placebo- controlled trial, comparing the effects on bone markers of propranolol 160 mg/d and placebo over 3 months. RESULTS Serum osteocalcin declined by almost 20% in the first 2 wk of propranolol treatment, and this effect increased over time (P < 0.0001). Other osteoblast markers, procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide and total alkaline phosphatase activity, were not significantly changed by propranolol. Urine free deoxypyridinoline declined by approximately 10% between 0 and 6 wk (P = 0.019) in the beta-blocker group and was stable thereafter. Serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen also showed a small decrease, but this was not significantly different between groups. Serum albumin concentrations decreased by more than 2 g/liter in the first 2 wk of propranolol treatment, remaining stable subsequently (P = 0.007). Serum creatinine tended to increase in the propranolol group (P = 0.06), as did weight. Bone densities in the lumbar spine and total proximal femur did not change significantly in either group. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides no evidence that beta-blocker drugs stimulate bone formation; if anything, propranolol reduces osteoblast activity. It also influences renal function and fluid balance, effects that might indirectly affect bone metabolism. Current evidence does not justify the use of beta-blockers for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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