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Downregulation of Thromboxane A 2 Receptor Occurs Mainly via Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling Pathway in Rat Renal Artery. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2017; 2017:6507048. [PMID: 28775740 PMCID: PMC5523459 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6507048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) acts on TXA2 receptors (TP) to regulate renal artery blood flow and subsequently contributes to the pathogenesis of renal ischemia. The present study was designed to examine if nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in the downregulation of TP receptors in rat renal artery. Rat renal artery segments were organ cultured for 6 or 24 h. Downregulation of TP receptors was monitored using myograph (contractile function), real-time PCR (receptor mRNA), and immunohistochemistry (receptor protein). Specific inhibitors (MG-132 and BMS345541) for NF-κB signaling pathway were used to dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Compared to fresh (noncultured) segments, organ culture of the renal artery segments for 24 h induced a significant rightward shift of U46619 (TP receptor agonist) contractile response curves (pEC50: 6.89 ± 0.06 versus 6.48 ± 0.04, P < 0.001). This decreased contractile response to U46619 was paralleled with decreased TP receptor mRNA and protein expressions in the renal artery smooth muscle cells. Specific inhibitors (MG-132 and BMS345541) for NF-κB signaling pathway significantly abolished the decreased TP protein expression and receptor-mediated contractions. In conclusion, downregulation of TP receptors in the renal artery smooth muscle cells occurs mainly via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Herrera EA, Rojas RT, Krause BJ, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Giussani DA, Parer JT, Llanos AJ. Cardiovascular function in term fetal sheep conceived, gestated and studied in the hypobaric hypoxia of the Andean altiplano. J Physiol 2015; 594:1231-45. [PMID: 26339865 DOI: 10.1113/jp271110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia causes intrauterine growth restriction and cardiovascular programming. However, adult humans and animals that have evolved at altitude show certain protection against the effects of chronic hypoxia. Whether the highland fetus shows similar protection against high altitude gestation is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that high-altitude fetal sheep have evolved cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms to withstand chronic hypoxia that are different from lowland sheep. We studied seven high-altitude (HA; 3600 m) and eight low-altitude (LA; 520 m) pregnant sheep at ∼90% gestation. Pregnant ewes and fetuses were instrumented for cardiovascular investigation. A three-period experimental protocol was performed in vivo: 30 min of basal, 1 h of acute superimposed hypoxia (∼10% O2) and 30 min of recovery. Further, we determined ex vivo fetal cerebral and femoral arterial function. HA pregnancy led to chronic fetal hypoxia, growth restriction and altered cardiovascular function. During acute superimposed hypoxia, LA fetuses redistributed blood flow favouring the brain, heart and adrenals, whereas HA fetuses showed a blunted cardiovascular response. Importantly, HA fetuses have a marked reduction in umbilical blood flow versus LA. Isolated cerebral arteries from HA fetuses showed a higher contractile capacity but a diminished response to catecholamines. In contrast, femoral arteries from HA fetuses showed decreased contractile capacity and increased adrenergic contractility. The blunting of the cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in fetuses raised in the Alto Andino may indicate a change in control strategy triggered by chronic hypoxia, switching towards compensatory mechanisms that are more cost-effective in terms of oxygen uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo T Rojas
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian T Parer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Morita T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Mechanisms underlying a decrease in KCl-induced contraction after long-term serum-free organ culture of rat isolated mesenteric artery. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:963-9. [PMID: 24694942 PMCID: PMC4143657 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ culture of blood vessel
is a better technique to investigate the long-term effects of drugs. However, some
functional changes may occur from freshly isolated vessel (Fresh). Mammalian/mechanistic
target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates smooth muscle differentiation and Ca2+
mobilization. We thus investigated mechanisms of alteration in smooth muscle contractility
after serum-free organ culture focusing on mTOR. Rat isolated mesenteric arteries were
cultured for 5 days without (0% serum) or with rapamycin. In 0% serum, absolute
contraction by KCl significantly decreased from Fresh, which was significantly rescued by
rapamycin. In 0% serum, mTOR expression significantly increased from Fresh, which was
significantly rescued by rapamycin. In 0% serum, expression of myocardin, a key regulator
of smooth muscle differentiation markers, significantly decreased from Fresh, which was
significantly rescued by rapamycin. However, the decrease in expression of contractile
proteins, including SM22α and calponin, was not changed by rapamycin. Basal
phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II significantly increased in 0%
serum, which was significantly rescued by rapamycin. In 0% serum, absolute contraction by
caffeine significantly decreased from Fresh, which was significantly rescued by rapamycin.
In conclusion, expression of mTOR increased during serum-free organ culture of rat
isolated mesenteric artery for 5 days, which may be at least partly responsible for the
decreased smooth muscle contractility perhaps due to the decrease in the stored
Ca2+ in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Cao L, Cao YX, Xu CB, Edvinsson L. Altered endothelin receptor expression and affinity in spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral and coronary arteries. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73761. [PMID: 24023902 PMCID: PMC3759417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is associated with arterial hyperreactivity, and endothelin (ET) receptors are involved in vascular pathogenesis. The present study was performed to examine the hypothesis that ET receptors were altered in cerebral and coronary arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methodology/Principal Findings Cerebral and coronary arteries were removed from SHR. Vascular contraction was recorded using a sensitive myograph system. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to quantify mRNA and protein expression of receptors and essential MAPK pathway molecules. The results demonstrated that both ETA and ETB receptor-mediated contractile responses in SHR cerebral arteries were shifted to the left in a nonparallel manner with increased maximum contraction compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In SHR coronary arteries, the ETA receptor-mediated contraction curve was shifted to the left in parallel with an increased pEC50 compared with the arteries in WKY rats. There was no significant increase in ETB receptor-mediated contraction in SHR coronary arteries. ETA receptor mRNA and protein expression was increased in SHR cerebral arteries compared with the arteries in WKY rats. However, ETA receptor mRNA and protein levels in coronary arteries and ETB receptor protein levels in cerebral and coronary arteries remained unchanged in SHR compared with WKY rats. Meanwhile, phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein was significantly increased in SHR brain and heart vessels. Conclusions/Significance In SHR cerebral arteries, ETA receptor expression was upregulated. ETA receptor affinity was increased in coronary arteries, and ETB receptor affinity was increased in cerebral arteries. The ERK1/2 activation may be involved in the receptor alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Sweden
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Sweden
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Zheng JP, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Yin P, Peng W. Vasomotor Dysfunction in the Mesenteric Artery after Organ Culture with Cyclosporin A. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:370-6. [PMID: 23809336 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Pu Zheng
- Experimental Research Center; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhuoan Cheng
- Experimental Research Center; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Peihao Yin
- Department of General Surgery; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Nephrology; Putuo Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
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Minimally modified LDL upregulates endothelin type A receptors in rat coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:656570. [PMID: 23861561 PMCID: PMC3703896 DOI: 10.1155/2013/656570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated the effects of mmLDL on the expression of endothelin type A (ETA) receptors in coronary arteries. Rat coronary arteries were organ-cultured for 24 h. The contractile responses were recorded using a myographic system. ETA receptor mRNA and protein expressions were determined using real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that organ-culturing in the presence of mmLDL enhanced the arterial contractility mediated by the ETA receptor in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Culturing with mmLDL (10 μg/mL) for 24 h shifted the concentration-contractile curves toward the left significantly with increased Emax of 228% ± 20% from control of 100% ± 10% and significantly increased ETA receptor mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition of the protein kinase C, extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), or NF-κB activities significantly attenuated the effects of mmLDL. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor or the p38 pathway inhibitor, however, had no such effects. The results indicate that mmLDL upregulates the ETA receptors in rat coronary arterial smooth muscle cells mainly via activating protein kinase C, ERK1/2, and the downstream transcriptional factor, NF-κB.
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Addition of adult serum improves endothelium-dependent relaxation of organ-cultured rat mesenteric artery via inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MORITA T, YAMAWAKI H, OKADA M, HARA Y. Contractile Characteristics of Rat Mesenteric Artery after Organ Culture. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1621-7. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka MORITA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Hideyuki YAMAWAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Muneyoshi OKADA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Yukio HARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
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Zheng JP, Ju D, Shen J, Yang M, Li L. Disruption of actin cytoskeleton mediates loss of tensile stress induced early phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in organ culture. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 88:52-7. [PMID: 19874818 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aorta organ culture has been widely used as an ex vivo model for studying vessel pathophysiology. Recent studies show that the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in organ culture undergo drastic dedifferentiation within the first few hours (termed early phenotypic modulation). Loss of tensile stress to which aorta is subject in vivo is the cause of this early phenotypic modulation. However, no underlying molecular mechanism has been discovered thus far. The purpose of the present study is to identify intracellular signals involved in the early phenotypic modulation of VSMC in organ culture. We find that the drastic VSMC dedifferentiation is accompanied by accelerated actin cytoskeleton dynamics and downregulation of SRF and myocardin. Among the variety of signal pathways examined, increasing actin polymerization by jasplakinolide is the only one hindering VSMC dedifferentiation in organ culture. Moreover, jasplakinolide reverses actin dynamics during organ culture. Latrunculin B (disrupting actin cytoskeleton) and jasplakinolide respectively suppressed and enhanced the expression of VSMC markers, SRF, myocardin, and CArG-box-mediated SMC promoters in PAC1, a VSMC line. These results identify actin cytoskeleton degradation as a major intracellular signal for loss of tensile stress-induced early phenotypic modulation of VSMC in organ culture. This study suggests that disrupting actin cytoskeleton integrity may contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Pu Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Zhang W, Cao YX, He JY, Xu CB. Down-Regulation of α1-Adrenoceptor Expression by Lipid-Soluble Smoke Particles through Transcriptional Factor Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:401-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Li J, Cao YX, Liu H, Xu CB. Enhanced G-protein coupled receptors-mediated contraction and reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation in hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 557:186-94. [PMID: 17204265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to demonstrate a hypothesis that some G-protein coupled receptors are up-regulated and a dysfunction of endothelium occurs in hypertension. The arteries from hypertensive patients and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were tested. An in vitro myograph system was used to obtain concentration-contraction curves mediated by endothelin ET(A), endothelin ET(B), 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A)-receptors and alpha1-adrenoceptors in the arterial segments. In hypertensive patients, the maximum contractions (Emax) induced by endothelin ET(B), endothelin ET(A) and 5-HT receptors were significantly increased with elevated pEC50 values, while a significantly leftward shift of alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction was seen. Similar results were obtained in SHR. Specific antagonists for 5-HT2A receptors or alpha1-adrenoceptors rightward shifted the concentration-contractile curves induced by 5-HT or noradrenaline, while the Emax were not significantly altered, suggesting that the contractions were mediated by 5-HT2A receptors and alpha1-adrenoceptors, respectively. Endothelium-dependent maximum relaxation (Rmax) in the arterial segments induced by acetylcholine was significantly decreased in both hypertensive patients and SHR. In addition, nitric oxide- and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated dilatations were decreased significantly and the arterial endothelial cells were in part lost in SHR. In conclusion, endothelin ET(B), endothelin ET(A), 5-HT2A receptor- and alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions were increased in hypertension, while the endothelium and its functions were damaged.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology
- Aged
- Animals
- Arteries/drug effects
- Case-Control Studies
- Colon/blood supply
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/ultrastructure
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle Relaxation/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Endothelin A/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism
- Receptor, Endothelin B/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
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