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Gonçalves AC, Bento C, Silva B, Simões M, Silva LR. Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity: The Health Benefits of Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.). CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170925154707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Sweet cherries are one of the most appreciated fruits worldwide as well as
one of the great sources of several active substances, as phytochemical compounds (carotenoids, serotonin,
melatonin and phenolic compounds) as well as in nutritive compounds (sugars and organic acids).
Accumulating research demonstrate that their supplementation in our daily diet can contradict oxidative
stress, mitigating or even attenuating chronic diseases, as cancerous processes, antiinflammatory-
related disorders, diabetes, and neurological and cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore,
the aims of this review are to present an overview on the effects of sweet cherries as health promotors,
giving emphasis to the health benefits of their bioactive compounds, particularly their antimicrobial,
antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects.
Methods:
Research and online content about sweet cherry fruits is reviewed. The information available
has been read several times to avoid inconsistencies. In addition, according what we read, original
figures were done and added to facilitate understanding and to enrich the paper.
Results:
In this review, a total of 202 original reports were used. In respect to health benefits, it is possible
to confirm by several studies that, in fact, the consumption of sweet cherries has positive impacts
in human health, owing to their wealthy and vast constitution, particularly in phenolic compounds,
vitamins and carotenoids whose health properties were already documented.
Conclusion:
The findings of this review support the evidence that sweet cherries can be applied in
pharmaceutical and food formulations, since they are able to diminish free radical species and proinflammatory
markers, preventing and/ or ameliorating oxidative-stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Branca Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilha, Portugal
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Hong Y, Zhang Y, Sinumporn S, Yu N, Zhan X, Shen X, Chen D, Yu P, Wu W, Liu Q, Cao Z, Zhao C, Cheng S, Cao L. Premature leaf senescence 3, encoding a methyltransferase, is required for melatonin biosynthesis in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:877-891. [PMID: 29901843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence in rice is one of the most common factors affecting the plant's development and yield. Although methyltransferases are involved in diverse biological functions, their roles in rice leaf senescence have not been previously reported. In this study, we identified the premature leaf senescence 3 (pls3) mutant in rice, which led to early leaf senescence and early heading date. Further investigations revealed that premature leaf senescence was triggered by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Using physiological analysis, we found that chlorophyll content was reduced in the pls3 mutant leaves, while hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and malondialdehyde levels were elevated. Consistent with these findings, the pls3 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to exogenous hydrogen peroxide. The expression of other senescence-associated genes such as Osh36 and RCCR1 was increased in the pls3 mutant. Positional cloning indicated the pls3 phenotype was the result of a mutation in OsMTS1, which encodes an O-methyltransferase in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. Functional complementation of OsMTS1 in pls3 completely restored the wild-type phenotype. We found leaf melatonin content to be dramatically reduced in pls3, and that exogenous application of melatonin recovered the pls3 mutant's leaf senescence phenotype to levels comparable to that of wild-type rice. Moreover, overexpression of OsMTS1 in the wild-type plant increased the grain yield by 15.9%. Our results demonstrate that disruption of OsMTS1, which codes for a methyltransferase, can trigger leaf senescence as a result of decreased melatonin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Sittipun Sinumporn
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chunde Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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Hussein SM, Yokhana JS, Frankel TL. Supplementing the feeds of layer pullets, at different ages with two different fiber sources improves immune function. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2718-2727. [PMID: 28371891 PMCID: PMC7112000 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of lignocellulose supplementation on immune function in layer pullets at different stages of growth. Four-wk-old pullets (Experiment 1) were fed a control, diet (Diet C); Diet C plus 1% mixed soluble/insoluble fiber (Diet MF), or plus 1% insoluble fiber (Diet IF). At 7.5 wk-of-age, heterophil phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in Groups MF (328.5 beads/100 cells; 4,330.0 ΔRFU; relative fluorescent units) and IF (350.3; 5,264.4) were greater (P < 0.05) than Controls (303.4; 3,509.0). At 8 wk-of-age, Group MF and IF relative weights of bursa of Fabricius (0.57 g/100 g BW; 0.58 g /100 g BW), thymus glands (0.77; 0.78), and areas of Peyer's patches (PP) (2.7 cm2; 2.9 cm2) were higher (P < 0.05) than Controls (bursa, 0.50 g; thymus, 0.70 g; PP area, 1.8 cm2). In Experiment 2, 10-wk-old pullets were fed a control diet or diets containing 1.5% MF or IF for 8 wk. At 14 wk-of-age IF pullets had higher (P < 0.05) heterophil phagocytosis efficiency (447.9 beads/100 cells) than Controls (376.4) and MF and IF had greater (P < 0.05) oxidative burst (1,302.9 and 1,857.7 ΔRFU) than Controls (744.1). At 17 wk-of-age MF and IF had increased (P < 0.05) proliferation of T-lymphocytes (ConcanavalinA-stimulated) (100.4 and 103.1% of unstimulated cells) and B-lymphocytes (lipopolysaccharide-stimulated) (122.4 and 129.0) than Controls (ConA, 79.4; lipopolysaccharide, 106.6). At 18 wk-of-age, IF pullets were heavier (1,607.5 g, P < 0.05) than Controls (1,506.5 g), had heavier (P < 0.05) bursa of Fabricius (1.12 g) than MF and Control groups (0.98 g; 0.92 g) and cecal tonsils of MF (0.38 g) and IF (0.39 g) weighted more (P < 0.05) than Controls (0.33 g). Number of jejunal and ileal PP (10.0) in IF pullets was higher (P < 0.05) than Controls (7.1). These results indicate that both MF and IF can improve development of the immune system of young and grower pullets during periods of maturation and involution of lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theresa L Frankel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Borniger JC, Cisse YM, Surbhi, Nelson RJ. Reciprocal Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Immune Function. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mabuchi Y, Frankel TL. Functions of innate and acquired immune system are reduced in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) given a low protein diet. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:150408. [PMID: 27069640 PMCID: PMC4821251 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Racing pigeons are exposed to and act as carriers of diseases. Dietary protein requirement for their maintenance has not been determined experimentally despite their being domesticated for over 7000 years. A maintenance nitrogen (protein) requirement (MNR) for pigeons was determined in a balance study using diets containing 6, 10 and 14% crude protein (CP). Then, the effects of feeding the diets were investigated to determine whether they were adequate to sustain innate and acquired immune functions. Nitrogen intake from the 6% CP diet was sufficient to maintain nitrogen balance and body weight in pigeons. However, the immune functions of phagocytosis, oxidative burst and lymphocyte proliferation in pigeons fed this diet were reduced compared with those fed 10 and 14% CP diets. Pigeons given the 6 and 10% CP diets had lower antibody titres following inoculation against Newcastle disease (ND) than those on the 14% CP diet. A confounding factor found on autopsy was the presence of intestinal parasites in some of the pigeons given the 6 and 10% CP diets; however, none of the pigeons used to measure MNR or acquired immunity to ND were infested with parasites. In conclusion, neither the 6 nor 10% CP diets adequately sustained acquired immune function of pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Theresa L. Frankel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Garrido M, Terrón MP, Rodríguez AB. Chrononutrition against oxidative stress in aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:729804. [PMID: 23861994 PMCID: PMC3703798 DOI: 10.1155/2013/729804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals and oxidative stress have been recognized as important factors in the biology of aging and in many age-associated degenerative diseases. Antioxidant systems deteriorate during aging. It is, thus, considered that one way to reduce the rate of aging and the risk of chronic disease is to avoid the formation of free radicals and reduce oxidative stress by strengthening antioxidant defences. Phytochemicals present in fruits, vegetables, grains, and other foodstuffs have been linked to reducing the risk of major oxidative stress-induced diseases. Some dietary components of foods possess biological activities which influence circadian rhythms in humans. Chrononutrition studies have shown that not only the content of food, but also the time of ingestion contributes to the natural functioning of the circadian system. Dietary interventions with antioxidant-enriched foods taking into account the principles of chrononutrition are of particular interest for the elderly since they may help amplify the already powerful benefits of phytochemicals as natural instruments with which to prevent or delay the onset of common age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garrido
- Department of Physiology, Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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A cherry nutraceutical modulates melatonin, serotonin, corticosterone, and total antioxidant capacity levels: effect on ageing and chronotype. J Appl Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-011-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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8
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Jerte Valley cherry-based product modulates serum inflammatory markers in rats and ringdoves. J Appl Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10136-011-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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9
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Delgado J, Terrón MP, Garrido M, Pariente JA, Barriga C, Rodríguez AB, Paredes SD. Diets enriched with a Jerte Valley cherry-based nutraceutical product reinforce nocturnal behaviour in young and old animals of nocturnal (Rattus norvegicus) and diurnal (Streptopelia risoria) chronotypes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 97:137-45. [PMID: 22074327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The decline in melatonin secretion with age seems to be one of the major reasons for increased sleep disruption in older animals. Previously, we showed that the administration with melatonin or its precursor, tryptophan, improved activity/rest rhythms in aged individuals. Here, it was evaluated the effect of a 10-day consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry-based nutraceutical product (patent no. ES2342141B1), which contains high levels of tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin, on the activity/rest rhythms of young and old rats (Rattus norvegicus) and ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria) as representatives of animals with nocturnal and diurnal habits, respectively, and its possible relationship with the serum levels of melatonin and glucose. Total diurnal and nocturnal activity pulses were logged at control, during, and up to 3 days after the treatment. Melatonin and glucose were measured with ELISA and testing kits respectively. In both young and old rats, the intake of the cherry nutraceutical decreased diurnal activity, whereas nocturnal activity increased. The opposite effect was observed for ringdoves. The treatment increased the circulating levels of melatonin in both species and restored the amplitude of the activity rhythm in the old animals to that of the non-treated young groups. The consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry-based nutraceutical product may help to counteract the impaired activity/rest rhythm found in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Delgado
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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10
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Espino J, Bejarano I, Paredes SD, Barriga C, Rodríguez AB, Pariente JA. Protective effect of melatonin against human leukocyte apoptosis induced by intracellular calcium overload: relation with its antioxidant actions. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:195-206. [PMID: 21470303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a critical role in both inflammatory and immune responses. Recent evidence demonstrates that control of leukocyte apoptosis is one of the most striking immune system-related roles of melatonin. For this reason, this study evaluated the protective effects of melatonin on human leukocyte apoptosis induced by sustained cytosolic calcium increases. Such protective effects are likely mediated by melatonin's free-radical scavenging actions. Treatments with the specific inhibitor of cytosolic calcium re-uptake, thapsigargin (TG), and/or the calcium-mobilizing agonist, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, caspase activation as well as DNA fragmentation in human leukocytes. Also, TG- and/or FMLP-induced apoptosis was dependent on both cytosolic calcium increases and calcium uptake into mitochondria, because when cells were preincubated with the cytosolic calcium chelator, dimethyl BAPTA, and the inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake, Ru360, TG- and FMLP-induced apoptosis was largely inhibited. Importantly, melatonin treatment substantially prevented intracellular ROS production, reversed caspase activation, and forestalled DNA fragmentation induced by TG and FMLP. Similar results were obtained by preincubating the cells with another well-known antioxidant, i.e., N-acetyl-L-cysteine. To sum up, depletion of intracellular calcium stores induced by TG and/or FMLP triggers different apoptotic events in human leukocytes that are dependent on calcium signaling. The protective effects resulting from melatonin administration on leukocyte apoptosis likely depend on melatonin's antioxidant action because we proved that this protection is melatonin receptor independent. These findings help to understand how melatonin controls apoptosis in cells of immune/inflammatory relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Garrido M, Paredes SD, Cubero J, Lozano M, Toribio-Delgado AF, Muñoz JL, Reiter RJ, Barriga C, Rodríguez AB. Jerte Valley cherry-enriched diets improve nocturnal rest and increase 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity in the urine of middle-aged and elderly humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:909-14. [PMID: 20547498 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin, present in Jerte Valley cherries, participate in sleep regulation and exhibit antioxidant properties. The effect of the intake of seven different Jerte Valley cherry cultivars on the sleep-wake cycle, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels, and urinary total antioxidant capacity in middle-aged and elderly participants was evaluated. Volunteers were subjected to actigraphic monitoring to record and display the temporal patterns of their nocturnal activity and rest. 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric assay kits, respectively. The intake of each of the cherry cultivars produced beneficial effects on actual sleep time, total nocturnal activity, assumed sleep, and immobility. Also, there were significant increases in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels and total antioxidant capacity in urine after the intake of each cultivar. These findings suggested that the intake of Jerte Valley cherries exerted positive effect on sleep and may be seen as a potential nutraceutical tool to counteract oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Garrido
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
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12
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Espino J, Bejarano I, Paredes SD, González D, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Pariente JA, Rodríguez AB. Melatonin counteracts alterations in oxidative metabolism and cell viability induced by intracellular calcium overload in human leucocytes: changes with age. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:590-7. [PMID: 20210792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with an increased production of free radicals and alterations in the mechanisms of adaptation to oxidative stress. In fact, the free radical theory of ageing proposes that deleterious actions of free radicals are responsible for the functional deterioration associated with ageing. Moreover, a close relationship exists between calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. The current work was aimed at proving that intracellular calcium overload induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and/or thapsigargin leads to oxidative stress. We additionally examined the effect of melatonin on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability in human leucocytes collected from young (20-30-year-old) and elderly (65-75-year-old) individuals under both basal and oxidative stress-induced conditions. Treatments with 10 nM FMLP and/or 1 microM thapsigargin induced a transient increase in cytosolic free-calcium concentration ([Ca(2 + )](c)) in human leucocytes due to calcium release from internal stores, and led in turn to oxidative stress, as assessed by intracellular ROS measurement. Non-treated leucocytes from aged individuals exhibited higher ROS levels and lower rates of cell survival when compared to leucocytes from young individuals. Similar results were obtained in FMLP and/or thapsigargin-treated leucocytes from elderly individuals when compared to those from the young individuals. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced both hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide anion levels, likely due to its free-radical scavenging properties, and enhanced leucocyte viability in both age groups. Therefore, melatonin may be a useful tool for the treatment of disease states and processes where an excessive production of oxidative damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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13
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Garrido M, Espino J, González-Gómez D, Lozano M, Cubero J, Toribio-Delgado AF, Maynar-Mariño JI, Terrón MP, Muñoz JL, Pariente JA, Barriga C, Paredes SD, Rodríguez AB. A nutraceutical product based on Jerte Valley cherries improves sleep and augments the antioxidant status in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eclnm.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Paredes SD, Bejarano I, Terrón MP, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB. Melatonin and tryptophan counteract lipid peroxidation and modulate superoxide dismutase activity in ringdove heterophils in vivo. Effect of antigen-induced activation and age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 31:179-88. [PMID: 19590980 PMCID: PMC2734245 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-009-9107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased production of free radicals and alterations in the mechanisms of adaptation to stress. A number of studies have shown a causal connection between age-related oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and the diminution of an organism's melatonin levels in old age. Restoration of this rhythm may contribute to the re-stabilization of cellular homeostasis. The present work was aimed at examining the effect of the administration of melatonin or its precursor, the amino acid tryptophan, on heterophil lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in heterophils from young (4-5 year) and old (12-14 year) ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria) under both basal and antigen-induced (stressful) conditions. Young animals were treated for 3 consecutive days with a single daily oral dose (0.25 mg) of melatonin at 1900 hours while old animals were treated for 3 consecutive days with either an oral dose (2.5 mg) of melatonin at 1900 hours or an oral capsule of 300 mg/kg body weight of L-tryptophan at 0900 hours. Non-treated old animals presented lower circulating levels of melatonin at night and higher levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) both day and night when compared to young birds. In both age groups, LPO levels were lower at night than during the day. Melatonin or tryptophan treatments significantly increased serum melatonin levels, reinforced SOD activity, and reduced MDA levels induced by the antigen. Melatonin and tryptophan may be useful agents for the treatment of disease states and processes in which an excessive production of oxidative damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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15
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Terrón MP, Delgado J, Paredes SD, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB. Effect of melatonin and tryptophan on humoral immunity in young and old ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria). Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:653-8. [PMID: 19632315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in the regulation of both cellular and humoral immunity. In the present study we have evaluated the effect of the oral administration of melatonin and its precursor, the amino acid tryptophan, on humoral immune response in ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria) from different age groups. Male and female ringdoves of 4-5years of age (young) and 12-14years of age (old) were used in this study. The animals received a single capsule of 300mg/kg b.w. of tryptophan (old animals) for 3 consecutive days 1h after lights on or a single oral dose (0.25 or 2.5mg/kg body weight/0.1ml per animal/day, young and old animals, respectively) of melatonin, for 3 consecutive days 1h before lights off. Blood samples were taken before beginning the treatment (basal values) and at the end of the treatment. Immunoglobulins, bactericidal and haemolytic activity were measured. Our results show that in old animals the humoral immune response was reduced with respect to the young. Both melatonin and tryptophan treatment increased the immunoglobulin concentration, with the nocturnal values being significantly higher than diurnal values and with a major effect in old animals. The bactericidal activity of the S. risoria serum against Staphylococcus aureus, after the treatment with melatonin or tryptophan, was increased at night with a greater effect in old animals. No significant differences were observed in the haemolytic activity of the serum in young animals, but there was an increase in old animals, with higher values at night after treatment with melatonin. In general, the oral administration of melatonin or tryptophan produced a stimulation of humoral immune response with greater effects in old ringdoves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Terrón
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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Paredes SD, Marchena AM, Bejarano I, Espino J, Barriga C, Rial RV, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB. Melatonin and tryptophan affect the activity-rest rhythm, core and peripheral temperatures, and interleukin levels in the ringdove: changes with age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:340-50. [PMID: 19211547 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gln054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is known to alter the circadian rhythms of melatonin, serotonin, thermoregulatory responses, cytokine production, and sleep/wakefulness which affect sleep quality. We tested the possible palliative effects of a 3-day administration of melatonin (0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg of body weight [b.w.] to young and old ringdoves, respectively) or tryptophan (300 mg/kg of b.w. to old ringdoves) on these rhythms. Doves are a monophasic, diurnal species; these characteristics are similar in humans. Old animals presented lower melatonin and serotonin levels; higher interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha values; and reductions in the Midline-Estimating Statistic of Rhythm and amplitude of activity-rest rhythm and in the amplitude of the core temperature rhythm. Melatonin raised serum melatonin levels; tryptophan increased both melatonin and serotonin levels. Melatonin and tryptophan lowered nocturnal activity, core temperature, and cytokine levels and increased peripheral temperature in both groups. Melatonin or tryptophan may limit or reverse some of the changes that occur in sleep-wake rhythms and temperature due to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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Paredes SD, Barriga C, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB. Assessment of the Potential Role of Tryptophan as the Precursor of Serotonin and Melatonin for the Aged Sleep-wake Cycle and Immune Function: Streptopelia Risoria as a Model. Int J Tryptophan Res 2009; 2:23-36. [PMID: 22084580 PMCID: PMC3195230 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present review we summarize the relationship between the amino acid, tryptophan, the neurotransmitter, serotonin, and the indole, melatonin, with the rhythms of sleep/wake and the immune response along with the possible connections between the alterations in these rhythms due to aging and the so-called “serotonin and melatonin deficiency state.” The decrease associated with aging of the brain and circulating levels of serotonin and melatonin seemingly contributes to the alterations of both the sleep/wake cycle and the immune response that typically accompany old age. The supplemental administration of tryptophan, e.g. the inclusion of tryptophan-enriched food in the diet, might help to remediate these age-related alterations due to its capacity of raise the serotonin and melatonin levels in the brain and blood. Herein, we also summarize a set of studies related to the potential role that tryptophan, and its derived product melatonin, may play in the restoration of the aged circadian rhythms of sleep/wake and immune response, taking the ringdove (Streptopeliarisoria) as a suitable model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Paredes SD, Terrón MP, Marchena AM, Barriga C, Pariente JA, Reiter RJ, Rodríguez AB. Effect of exogenous melatonin on viability, ingestion capacity, and free-radical scavenging in heterophils from young and old ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria). Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 304:305-14. [PMID: 17557194 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The decrease of melatonin production with aging contributes to the decline in immune function as organisms age. Treatment with the exogenously administered indoleamine restores the reduced immunological functions. Therefore, we investigated the effect of melatonin on viability, phagocyte ingestion capacity, and free radical generation levels of heterophils from young and old ringdove (Streptopelia risoria) aged 3-4 and 11-13 years, respectively. Animals received a single oral dose of melatonin 1 h before lights off for three consecutive days. Experiments were performed at the acrophases and nadirs of melatonin. Melatonin treatment significantly increased serum melatonin levels at the acrophases, but not at the nadirs of the two age groups. In both young and old animals there was increased heterophil viability at acrophases with respect to nadirs, and also increased cell resistance to oxidative stress in the old animals after the melatonin treatment. At acrophases, the index, percentage and efficiency of phagocytosis all increased significantly, and superoxide anion levels decreased significantly with respect to the nadir values of vehicle and melatonin-treated animals, the effect being greater in young than in old ringdoves. At the nadirs, no change was observed in any parameter analyzed. In both young and old animals, phagocytosis and melatonin were positively correlated, while superoxide anion levels and melatonin were negatively correlated. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin enhanced heterophil viability in old animals as well as increasing phagocytosis and free-radical scavenging in both age groups during the nocturnal period, accompanied by an increase in the levels of the indoleamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, S/N, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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