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Expression of stem cell markers as useful complementary factors in the early detection of urinary bladder carcinogens by immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:715-726. [PMID: 33211169 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, is useful for early detection of urinary bladder carcinogens in rats. In a 28-day repeated-dose study, γ-H2AX was shown to have high sensitivity for detection of bladder carcinogens. However, no reports have evaluated whether a combination of multiple biomarkers may further improve sensitivity. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the applicability of bladder tissue and cancer stem cell markers, including cytokeratin 14 (KRT14), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), as complementary markers for early detection of bladder carcinogens. Bladder samples obtained from male F344 rats orally treated with 14 bladder carcinogens and five nonbladder carcinogens for 28 days were used for immunohistochemical analysis of stem cell markers. In the bladder carcinogen-treated rats, increases in KRT14, ALDH1A1, and CD44 expression were observed in 9, 10, and 10 out of 14 groups, respectively, whereas the five nonbladder carcinogens did not cause upregulation of these markers. Although most epithelial cells with KRT14 or ALDH1A1 expression were also positive for CD44, KRT14 and ALDH1A1 expression were mutually exclusive. Twelve bladder carcinogens showed increases in at least one of the three markers, indicating that the combined evaluation showed higher sensitivity than the use of individual markers alone. Importantly, two of three bladder carcinogens that did not induce γ-H2AX immunostaining showed stem cell marker expression. Our results demonstrated that these stem cell markers may be useful as complementary markers for γ-H2AX in evaluation of bladder carcinogens.
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Sahu C, Charaya A, Singla S, Dwivedi DK, Jena G. Zinc deficient diet increases the toxicity of bisphenol A in rat testis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22549. [PMID: 32609952 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in maintaining the process of spermatogenesis and reproductive health. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical is known to be a reproductive toxicant in different animal models. The present study was designed to study the effect of two of the utmost determinative factors (Zn deficient condition and influence of toxicant BPA) on germ cell growth and overall male reproductive health in the testis, epididymis, and sperm using (a) biochemical, (b) antioxidant, (c) cellular damage, (d) apoptosis, and (e) protein expression measurements. Rats were divided into Control (normal feed and water), BPA (100 mg/kg/d), zinc deficient diet (ZDD; fed with ZDD), and BPA + ZDD for 8 weeks. Body and organ weights, sperm motility and counts, and sperm head morphology were evaluated. The histology of testes, epididymides, and prostate was investigated. Testicular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage was evaluated by Halo and Comet assay, apoptosis of sperm and testes were quantified by TUNEL assay. Serum protein electrophoretic patterns and testicular protein expressions such as Nrf-2, catalase, PCNA, and Keap1 were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The results showed that BPA significantly increased the testicular, epididymal, and prostrate toxicity in dietary Zn deficient condition due to testicular hypozincemia, hypogonadism, increased cellular and DNA damage, apoptosis, as well as perturbations in protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Aarzoo Charaya
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Singla
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Durgesh K Dwivedi
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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Gedikli S, Şengül E. Ratlarda Siklofosfamid ile İndüklenen Hepatotoksisite Üzerine Kuersetinin Etkileri. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.534825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yang YY, Sun XT, Li ZX, Chen WY, Wang X, Liang ML, Shi H, Yang ZS, Zeng WT. Protective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) against hyperglycaemia-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells via the PI3K̸Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1283-1292. [PMID: 29286068 PMCID: PMC5819934 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a heptapeptide mainly generated from cleavage of AngⅠ and AngⅡ, possesses physiological and pharmacological properties, including anti‑inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K̸Akt) signaling pathway has been confirmed to participate in cardioprotection against hyperglycaemia-induced injury. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that Ang-(1-7) protects H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells against high glucose (HG)-induced injury by activating the PI3K̸Akt pathway. To examine this hypothesis, H9c2 cells were treated with 35 mmol/l (mM) glucose (HG) for 24 h to establish a HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury model. The cells were co-treated with 1 µmol/l (µM) Ang-(1-7) and 35 mM glucose. The findings of the present study demonstrated that exposure of H9c2 cells to HG for 24 h markedly induced injury, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, generation of reactive oxygen species and level of inflammatory cytokines, as well as a decline in cell viability and mitochondrial luminosity. These injuries were significantly attenuated by co-treatment of the cells with Ang-(1-7) and HG. In addition, PI3K̸Akt phosphorylation was suppressed by HG treatment, but this effect was abolished when the H9c2 cells were co-treated with Ang-(1-7) and HG. Furthermore, the cardioprotection of Ang-(1-7) against HG-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts was highly attenuated in the presence of either D-Ala7-Ang-(1-7) (A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor) or LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K̸Akt). In conclusion, the present study provided new evidence that Ang-(1-7) protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against HG-induced injury by activating the PI3K̸Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Xun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yan Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 27110, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Tao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Protective effects of silymarin and curcumin on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:317-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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You Q, Wu Z, Wu B, Liu C, Huang R, Yang L, Guo R, Wu K, Chen J. Naringin protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycemia-induced injuries in vitro and in vivo. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:197-214. [PMID: 27270899 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that naringin (NRG) protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injuries by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NRG prevents cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemia-induced insult through the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and the upregulation of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels. Our results showed that exposure of cardiomyocytes to HG for 24h markedly induced injuries, as evidenced by a decrease in cell viability and oxidative stress, and increases in apoptotic cells as well as the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). These injuries were markedly attenuated by the pretreatment of cells with either NRG or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) before exposure to HG. Furthermore, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and in HG-induced cardiomyocytes, the expression levels of caspase-3, bax and phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65 were increased. The increased protein levels were ameliorated by pretreatment with both NRG and PDTC. However, the expression levels of bcl-2 and KATP and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were decreased by hyperglycemia; the expression level of Nox4 and the ADP/ATP ratio were increased by hyperglycemia. These hyperglycemia-induced indexes were inhibited by the pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with NRG or PDTC. In addition, in STZ-induced diabetic rats, we also observed that NRG or PDTC contributed to protecting mitochondrial injury and myocardium damage. This study demonstrated that NRG protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycemia-induced injury by upregulating KATP channels in vitro and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong You
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zijun Wu
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ruina Huang
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keng Wu
- Department of CardiovasologyThe Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingfu Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, Cardiovascular Institute of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Cuce G, Çetinkaya S, Koc T, Esen HH, Limandal C, Balcı T, Kalkan S, Akoz M. Chemoprotective effect of vitamin E in cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 232:7-11. [PMID: 25779342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) has a range of adverse effects on liver tissue in humans and animals. Administering an antioxidant with CP might reduce such side effects. Therefore, we examined the role of vitamin E in CP-induced liver toxicity in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, each of seven rats: control, CP only, CP + vitamin E, and vitamin E only groups. The rats were administered treatments intraperitoneally for 7 days. Then the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined while the livers were removed, tissue was prepared using routine histological procedures, sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method was applied. Histopathologically, CP caused hydropic degeneration, necrosis, pleomorphism, and mitotic activity. The number of TUNEL-positive cells and the MDA and ALT levels were significantly higher in the CP group. The antioxidant effects of vitamin E significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the ALT and MDA levels, and normalized the liver histopathology. CP induces apoptosis, has toxic effects on liver tissue, and changes the histological structure. The administration of vitamin E prevented the liver tissue damage caused by CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Cuce
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Seda Çetinkaya
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tugba Koc
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hacı Hasan Esen
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cisem Limandal
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Balcı
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serpil Kalkan
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Histology and Embryology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akoz
- Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey
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Vogt JA, Wachter U, Wagner K, Calzia E, Gröger M, Weber S, Stahl B, Georgieff M, Asfar P, Fontaine E, Radermacher P, Leverve XM, Wagner F. Effects of glycemic control on glucose utilization and mitochondrial respiration during resuscitated murine septic shock. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014; 2:19. [PMID: 26266919 PMCID: PMC4678133 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to test the hypothesis whether lowering glycemia improves mitochondrial function and thereby attenuates apoptotic cell death during resuscitated murine septic shock. Methods Immediately and 6 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), mice randomly received either vehicle or the anti-diabetic drug EMD008 (100 μg · g-1). At 15 h post CLP, mice were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, instrumented and rendered normo- or hyperglycemic (target glycemia 100 ± 20 and 180 ± 50 mg · dL-1, respectively) by infusing stable, non-radioactive isotope-labeled 13C6-glucose. Target hemodynamics was achieved by colloid fluid resuscitation and continuous i.v. noradrenaline, and mechanical ventilation was titrated according to blood gases and pulmonary compliance measurements. Gluconeogenesis and glucose oxidation were derived from blood and expiratory glucose and 13CO2 isotope enrichments, respectively; mathematical modeling allowed analyzing isotope data for glucose uptake as a function of glycemia. Postmortem liver tissue was analyzed for HO-1, AMPK, caspase-3, and Bax (western blotting) expression as well as for mitochondrial respiratory activity (high-resolution respirometry). Results Hyperglycemia lowered mitochondrial respiratory capacity; EMD008 treatment was associated with increased mitochondrial respiration. Hyperglycemia decreased AMPK phosphorylation, and EMD008 attenuated both this effect as well as the expression of activated caspase-3 and Bax. During hyperglycemia EMD008 increased HO-1 expression. During hyperglycemia, maximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rate was directly related to HO-1 expression, while it was unrelated to AMPK activation. According to the mathematical modeling, EMD008 increased the slope of glucose uptake plotted as a function of glycemia. Conclusions During resuscitated, polymicrobial, murine septic shock, glycemic control either by reducing glucose infusion rates or EMD008 improved glucose uptake and thereby liver tissue mitochondrial respiratory activity. EMD008 effects were more pronounced during hyperglycemia and coincided with attenuated markers of apoptosis. The effects of glucose control were at least in part due to the up-regulation of HO-1 and activation of AMPK. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2197-425X-2-19) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef A Vogt
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Helmhotzstrasse 8-1, Ulm, 89081, Germany,
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Chen J, Guo R, Yan H, Tian L, You Q, Li S, Huang R, Wu K. Naringin Inhibits ROS-activated MAPK Pathway in High Glucose-induced Injuries in H9c2 Cardiac Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:293-304. [PMID: 24118820 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Chen
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Qiong You
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Shanghai Li
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Ruina Huang
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Keng Wu
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
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