1
|
Di Paolo N, Sacchi G, Del Vecchio MT, Nicolai GA, Brardi S, Garosi G. State of the Art on Autologous Mesothelial Transplant in Animals and Humans. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:456-76. [PMID: 17628847 DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen years ago rabbit and human mesothelial cells were successsfully cultured and autoimplanted. The aim of the study was merely to demostrate that mesothelial implant was possible and interesting not only in peritoneal dialysis, but also in the vaster field of medicine and surgery concerning all the mesothelial districts of the body. The aim of this paper is to recollect the steps which have led to autolougous mesothelial transplantation and verify if the tecnique has been validated and adopted by others. Review of the literature published in the last 15 years shows that intraperitoneal transplantation of mesothelial cells has been effective in reducing the formation of peritoneal adhesions, and in remodeling the area of mesothelial denudation. New studies on the mesothelial cell opened the way to costruction of transplantable tissue-engineered artificial peritoneum, to the utilization of mesothelial progenitor cells and to find simple metods to collect autologous mesothelial cells. Finally mesothelial trasnsplantation may represent a new neovascular therapy in the prevention and treatment of ischemic coronaric heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Di Paolo
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that form between opposing organs and the peritoneum, restricting vital intrapleural and abdominal movement. They remain a major problem in abdominal surgery, occurring in more than three fourths of patients following laparotomy. Adhesions result when injury to the mesothelium is not repaired by mesothelial cells and can be viewed as scar tissue formation. The mechanism of mesothelial healing suggested the involvement of stem cells in the process. It has long been known that peritoneal wounds heal in the same amount of time regardless of size. Therefore, the mesothelium could not regenerate solely by proliferation and centripetal migration of cells at the wound edge as occurs in the healing of skin epithelium. Several studies suggest the presence of i) mesothelial stem cells that can differentiate into mesothelial cells and a few other phenotypes and/or ii) that mesothelial cells are themselves stem cells. Other studies have suggested that adult stem cells in the muscle underlying the peritoneum can differentiate into mesothelial cells and contribute to healing. Prevention of abdominal adhesions have been accomplished by delivery of autologous mesothelial cells and multipotent adult stem cells isolated from skeletal muscle. Adult stem cells from sources other than the serosal tissue offer an alternative treatment modality to prevent the formation of abdominal adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Lucas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koninckx PR, Gomel V, Ussia A, Adamyan L. Role of the peritoneal cavity in the prevention of postoperative adhesions, pain, and fatigue. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:998-1010. [PMID: 27523299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A surgical trauma results within minutes in exudation, platelets, and fibrin deposition. Within hours, the denuded area is covered by tissue repair cells/macrophages, starting a cascade of events. Epithelial repair starts on day 1 and is terminated by day 3. If repair is delayed by decreased fibrinolysis, local inflammation, or factors in peritoneal fluid, fibroblast growth starting on day 3 and angiogenesis starting on day 5 results in adhesion formation. For adhesion formation, quantitatively more important are factors released into the peritoneal fluid after retraction of the fragile mesothelial cells and acute inflammation of the entire peritoneal cavity. This is caused by mechanical trauma, hypoxia (e.g., CO2 pneumoperitoneum), reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., open surgery), desiccation, or presence of blood, and this is more severe at higher temperatures. The inflammation at trauma sites is delayed by necrotic tissue, resorbable sutures, vascularization damage, and oxidative stress. Prevention of adhesion formation therefore consists of the prevention of acute inflammation in the peritoneal cavity by means of gentle tissue handling, the addition of more than 5% N2O to the CO2 pneumoperitoneum, cooling the abdomen to 30°C, prevention of desiccation, a short duration of surgery, and, at the end of surgery, meticulous hemostasis, thorough lavage, application of a barrier to injury sites, and administration of dexamethasone. With this combined therapy, nearly adhesion-free surgery can be performed today. Conditioning alone results in some 85% adhesion prevention, barriers alone in 40%-50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe R Koninckx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital, Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; Gruppo Italo Belga, Villa del Rosario and Gemelli Hospitals Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy.
| | - Victor Gomel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Women's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anastasia Ussia
- Gruppo Italo Belga, Villa del Rosario and Gemelli Hospitals Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy
| | - Leila Adamyan
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Federal State Budget Institution V. I. Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; Department of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kalvelyte A, Krestnikova N, Stulpinas A, Bukelskiene V, Bironaite D, Baltriukiene D, Imbrasaite A. Long-term muscle-derived cell culture: multipotency and susceptibility to cell death stimuli. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:292-304. [PMID: 23359426 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in the yield of adult organism stem cells, and the ability to manage their differentiation and survival potential are the major goals in their application in regenerative medicine and in the adult stem cell research. We have demonstrated that adult rabbit muscle-derived cell lines with an unlimited proliferative potential in vitro can differentiate into myogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic lineages. Studies of cell survival in vitro showed that differentiated cells, except neurogenic ones, are more resistant to apoptosis inducers compared to proliferating cells. Resistance to death signals correlated with the level of protein kinase AKT phosphorylation. Skeletal muscle-derived cell lines can be multipurpose tools in therapy. Enhanced resistance of differentiated cells to certain types of damage shows their potential for long-term survival and maintenance in an organism. This article was published online on 29 January 2013. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 6 March 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrone Kalvelyte
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry Mokslininku str. 12, LT-08662, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Buul GM, van Osch GJVM. Musculoskeletal Stem Cells. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
6
|
Russinoff S, Miran S, Gowda AL, Lucas PA. Osteosarcoma cells differentiate into phenotypes from all three dermal layers. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469:2895-904. [PMID: 21678097 PMCID: PMC3171540 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-011-1946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcomas are the most common solid malignant bone tumors, but little is known of their origin. The embryonal rest hypothesis views cancer cells as arising from committed progenitor stem cells in each tissue. Adult tissue contains primitive stem cells that retain the ability to differentiate across dermal lines, raising the possibility that the stem cell of origin of cancers may be from a more primitive stem cell than a progenitor. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Can osteosarcoma cells, when cultured under conditions used for multipotent stem cells, be induced to differentiate into multiple phenotypes, including those of the three different dermal lineages: mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal? METHODS One rat and one human osteosarcoma cell line were cultured and treated with concentrations of 0, 10(-10), 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) mol/L dexamethasone for 5 weeks. Seventeen phenotypes were assayed either by tissue-specific histochemical stains or antibodies to tissue-specific proteins. Each phenotype was tested across all dexamethasone concentrations for each cell line and each phenotype was tested in three separate experiments with induction by dexamethasone RESULTS Rat osteosarcoma (ROS) 17/2.8 and human osteosarcoma cell line U-2 show the appearance of cells that have markers for (1) mesodermal phenotypes such as bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and endothelial cells, (2) ectodermal phenotypes such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and keratinocytes, and (3) an endodermal phenotype, hepatocytes. This indicates osteosarcomas are composed, at least in part, of primitive stem cells capable of differentiating into tissues from all three dermal lineages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If osteosarcomas arise from primitive stem cells, then treatment of osteosarcomas with exogenous differentiation agents may cause the stem cells to differentiate, thus halting their proliferation and stopping tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Russinoff
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Macy Pavillion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Sara Miran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Macy Pavillion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Ashok L. Gowda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Macy Pavillion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Paul A. Lucas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Macy Pavillion, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Birbrair A, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Enikolopov GN, Delbono O. Nestin-GFP transgene reveals neural precursor cells in adult skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16816. [PMID: 21304812 PMCID: PMC3033412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for neural lesions or degenerative diseases relies mainly on finding transplantable active precursor cells. Identifying them in peripheral tissues accessible for biopsy, outside the central nervous system, would circumvent the serious immunological and ethical concerns impeding cell therapy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we isolated neural progenitor cells in cultured adult skeletal muscle from transgenic mice in which nestin regulatory elements control GFP expression. These cells also expressed the early neural marker Tuj1 and light and heavy neurofilament but not S100β, indicating that they express typical neural but not Schwann cell markers. GFP+/Tuj1+ cells were also negative for the endothelial and pericyte markers CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin, respectively. We established their a) functional response to glutamate in patch-clamp recordings; b) interstitial mesenchymal origin; c) replicative capacity; and d) the environment necessary for their survival after fluorescence-activated cell sorting. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We propose that the decline in nestin-GFP expression in muscle progenitor cells and its persistence in neural precursor cells in muscle cultures provide an invaluable tool for isolating a population of predifferentiated neural cells with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Grigori N. Enikolopov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van Buul GM, van Osch GJVM. Musculoskeletal Stem Cells. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
9
|
Sarig R, Fuchs O, Tencer L, Panski A, Nudel U, Yaffe D. Cloned myogenic cells can transdifferentiate in vivo into neuron-like cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8814. [PMID: 20098686 PMCID: PMC2809103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The question of whether intact somatic cells committed to a specific differentiation fate, can be reprogrammed in vivo by exposing them to a different host microenvironment is a matter of controversy. Many reports on transdifferentiation could be explained by fusion with host cells or reflect intrinsic heterogeneity of the donor cell population. Methodology/Principal Findings We have tested the capacity of cloned populations of mouse and human muscle progenitor cells, committed to the myogenic pathway, to transdifferentiate to neurons, following their inoculation into the developing brain of newborn mice. Both cell types migrated into various brain regions, and a fraction of them gained a neuronal morphology and expressed neuronal or glial markers. Likewise, inoculated cloned human myogenic cells expressed a human specific neurofilament protein. Brain injected donor cells that expressed a YFP transgene controlled by a neuronal specific promoter, were isolated by FACS. The isolated cells had a wild-type diploid DNA content. Conclusions These and other results indicate a genuine transdifferentiation phenomenon induced by the host brain microenvironment and not by fusion with host cells. The results may potentially be relevant to the prospect of autologous cell therapy approach for CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ora Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Tencer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Panski
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Nudel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Yaffe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neural progenitor cells as models for high-throughput screens of developmental neurotoxicity: State of the science. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:4-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
11
|
Transplanted myogenic progenitor cells express neuronal markers in the CNS and ameliorate disease in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 215:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Revised: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Gorjup E, Danner S, Rotter N, Habermann J, Brassat U, Brummendorf TH, Wien S, Meyerhans A, Wollenberg B, Kruse C, von Briesen H. Glandular tissue from human pancreas and salivary gland yields similar stem cell populations. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 88:409-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
13
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects of the adult skull do not heal spontaneously, producing challenging problems for the craniofacial surgeon. Reconstruction of such defects requires either the placement of alloplastic material or the harvest of autogenous bone. A technique is described for the reconstruction of critical-sized, full-thickness calvarial defects in the adult rat model using specific adult stem cells, namely, multipotent adult stem cells. METHODS The cells were harvested from adult skeletal muscle and cultured in an undifferentiated state within a matrix of polyglycolic acid mesh. An 8-mm critical-sized defect was created in the calvaria of adult rats and either left empty, filled with polyglycolic acid mesh alone, or filled with multipotent adult stem cells seeded into the polyglycolic acid mesh. After 12 weeks, the calvariae were harvested, stained, and blind graded by light microscopy on the presence or absence of reconstituted bone. RESULTS A total of 22 animals were available for study: seven from the empty defect group, eight from the polymer group, and seven from the polymer plus stem cell group. The mean scores for the three groups were 1.9, 2.3, and 5.3, respectively. Statistical analysis showed statistical significance among the groups as a whole (p < 0.01) and between the polymer plus stem cell group and the empty defect and polymer-alone group. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that regeneration of calvarial bone is possible using stem cells harvested from adult skeletal muscle and seeded into a polyglycolic matrix. The technique may ultimately be used in clinical practice to reconstruct calvarial defects.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
Immune effects of mesenchymal stem cells: Implications for Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Cell Immunol 2008; 253:11-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries are one of the most common disorders in the musculo-skeletal system. Injured cartilage tissue cannot spontaneously heal and, if not treated, can lead to osteoarthritis of the affected joints. Although a variety of procedures are being employed to repair cartilage damage, methods that result in consistent durable repair tissue are not yet available. Tissue engineering is a recently developed science that merges the fields of cell biology, engineering, material science, and surgery to regenerate new functional tissue. Three critical components in tissue engineering of cartilage are as follows: first, sufficient cell numbers within the defect, such as chondrocytes or multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into chondrocytes; second, access to growth and differentiation factors that modulate these cells to differentiate through the chondrogenic lineage; third, a cell carrier or matrix that fills the defect, delivers the appropriate cells, and supports cell proliferation and differentiation. Stem cells that exist in the embyro or in adult somatic tissues are able to renew themselves through cell division without changing their phenotype and are able to differentiate into multiple lineages including the chondrogenic lineage under certain physiological or experimental conditions. Here the application of stem cells as a cell source for cartilage tissue engineering is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Zimmer Biologics, Zimmer, Inc., Austin, Texas 78729, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kajahn J, Gorjup E, Tiede S, von Briesen H, Paus R, Kruse C, Danner S. Skin-derived human adult stem cells surprisingly share many features with human pancreatic stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 87:39-46. [PMID: 17881083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple tissue niches in the human body are now recognised to harbour stem cells. Here, we have asked how different adult stem cell populations, isolated from two ontogenetically distinct human organs (skin, pancreas), actually are with respect to a panel of standard markers/characteristics. Here we show that an easily accessible adult human tissue such as skin may serve as a convenient source of adult stem cell-like populations that share markers with stem cells derived from an internal, exocrine organ. Surprisingly, both, human pancreas- and skin-derived stem/progenitor cells demonstrate differentiation patterns across lineage boundaries into cell types of ectoderm (e.g. PGP 9.5+ and GFAP+), mesoderm (e.g. alpha-SMA+) and entoderm (e.g. amylase+ and albumin+). This intriguing differentiation capability warrants systemic follow-up, since it raises the theoretical possibility that an adult human skin-derived progenitor cell population could be envisioned for possible application in cell replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kajahn
- Fraunhofer Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Group of Cell Differentiation and Cell Technology at the University of Luebeck, MFC Innovationscampus 1, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 1, D-23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kruse C, Bodó E, Petschnik AE, Danner S, Tiede S, Paus R. Towards the development of a pragmatic technique for isolating and differentiating nestin-positive cells from human scalp skin into neuronal and glial cell populations: generating neurons from human skin? Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:794-800. [PMID: 16984261 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nestin+ hair follicle-associated cells of murine skin can be isolated and differentiated in vitro into neuronal and glial cells. Therefore, we have asked whether human skin also contains nestin+ cells, and whether these can be differentiated in vitro into neuronal and/or glial cell populations. In this methodological pilot study, we show that both are indeed the case - employing purposely only very simple techniques for isolating, propagating, and differentiating nestin+ cells from normal human scalp skin and its appendages that do not require selective microdissection and tissue compartment isolation prior to cell culture. We show that, it is in principle, possible to maintain and propagate human skin nestin+ cells for extended passage numbers and to differentiate them into both neuronal (i.e. neurofilament+ and/or PGP9.5+) and glial (i.e. GFAP+, MBP+ and/or O4+) cell populations. Therefore, human scalp skin can serve as a highly accessible, abundant, and convenient source for autologous adult stem cell-like cells that offer themselves to be exploited for neuroregenerative medicine purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charli Kruse
- Fraunhofer-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Group of Cell Differentiation and Cell Technology at the University of Lübeck, MFC Innovationscampus, Maria-Goeppert-Strasse 1, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Patients with a variety of diseases may be treated with transplanted tissues and organs. However, there is a shortage of donor tissues and organs, which is worsening yearly because of the aging population. Scientists in the field of tissue engineering are applying the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. The stem cell field is also advancing rapidly, opening new options for cellular therapy and tissue engineering. The use of adult stem cells for tissue engineering applications is promising. This chapter discusses applications of these new technologies for the engineering of tissues and organs. The first part provides an overview of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering techniques; the second highlights different adult stem cell populations used for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberli
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|