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Chi J, Bi W, Lou K, Ma J, Wu J, Cui Y. Research advances in Peyronie's disease: a comprehensive review on genomics, pathways, phenotypic manifestation, and therapeutic targets. Sex Med Rev 2024; 12:477-490. [PMID: 38456235 DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penile induration disease, commonly known as Peyronie's disease (PD), is a connective tissue disorder that affects the penis, leading to the development of fibrous plaques, penile curvature, and erectile dysfunction. PD is a common male reproductive system disease with a complex etiology involving multiple genes, signaling pathways, and different phenotypes. OBJECTIVES The etiology and pathogenesis of PD remain poorly understood, hindering the development of effective treatment strategies. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of PD, we can pave the way for targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes. METHODS We reviewed the epidemiology and pathophysiology of PD. We performed database searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science from inception to September 2023. The literature reviewed included priapism guidelines, review articles, current trial studies, and various literature related to PD. RESULTS This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research progress on the disease, focusing on its genetic factors, signaling pathways, cellular mechanisms, phenotypic manifestations, and therapeutic targets. It can help identify individuals at higher risk, aid in early detection and intervention, and provide insights into fibrosis and tissue remodeling. It can also reveal potential therapeutic targets, guide accurate diagnoses and treatment strategies, and address the impact of the disease on patients' quality of life. CONCLUSION By integrating insights from genomics, molecular pathways, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic potentials, our research aims to achieve a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of PD, propelling the field toward innovative strategies that enhance the lives of those affected by PD. The complex manifestations and pathogenesis of PD necessitate the use of multiple treatment methods for personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Chi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Wenhua Bi
- Department of Urology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, 265400, China
| | - Keyuan Lou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Yuanshan Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
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Wang W, Wan F, Yu T, Wu S, Cui X, Xiang C, Li M, Liu Q, Lin C. Microvesicles-delivering Smad7 have advantages over microvesicles in suppressing fibroblast differentiation in a model of Peyronie's disease. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38849776 PMCID: PMC11162046 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the differences of microvesicles (MVs) and microvesicles-delivering Smad7 (Smad7-MVs) on macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation in a model of Peyronie's disease (PD). METHODS Overexpression of Smad7 in rat BMSCs was obtained by pCMV5-Smad7 transfection. MVs were collected from rat BMSCs using ultracentrifugation. In cells, 100 µg/mL of MVs or Smad7-MVs were used to treat the 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells or 10 ng/mL of recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblasts. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of M1 macrophages were measured in RAW264.7 cells, and the migration and markers of fibroblast differentiation were measured in fibroblasts. In rats, 50 µg of MVs or Smad7-MVs were used to treat the TGF-β1-induced animals. The pathology of tunica albuginea (TA), the markers of M1 macrophages and fibroblast differentiation in the TA were measured. RESULTS The MVs or Smad7-MVs treatment suppressed the LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation. Moreover, the Smad7-MVs treatment decreased the fibroblast differentiation compared with the MVs treatment. In the TGF-β1-induced TA of rats, MVs or Smad7-MVs treatment ameliorated the TA fibrosis by suppressing the macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation. There was no significance on the M1-polarized macrophages between the MVs treatment and the Smad7-MVs treatment. Meanwhile, the Smad7-MVs treatment had an edge in terms of suppressing the fibroblast differentiation in the TGF-β1-induced PD model compared with the MVs treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Smad7-MVs treatment had advantages over MVs treatment in suppressing of fibroblast differentiation in a model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Fengchun Wan
- Organ Transplant Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Tianxi Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261042, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xin Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261042, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Chongjun Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Monong Li
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Qingzuo Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Gundogdu G, Nguyen T, Namasivayam A, Starek S, Gelman J, Mauney JR. Characterization of a novel rabbit model of Peyronie's disease. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:269-274. [PMID: 36782023 PMCID: PMC11035118 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a debilitating pathology which is associated with penile curvature and erectile dysfunction due to the formation of fibrotic plaques in the penile tunica albuginea. In the present study, we developed a novel rabbit model of PD via subtunical injection of recombinant transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 protein and characterized erectile function and histopathological endpoints following plaque formation. Ten adult male, New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 3 experimental groups including nonsurgical controls (NSC, N = 3) and those receiving subtunical injections of vehicle (N = 3) or TGF-β1 protein (0.5 µg/50 µl; N = 4). Following 1 month post-op, focal fibrous plaques composed of disorganized collagen type I and III bundles as well as fragmented elastin fibers at TGF-β1 injection sites were observed in contrast to control groups. Cavernosometric and cavernosographic evaluations revealed no significant differences in maximum intracorporal pressures or substantial curvature during papaverine-induced erection in either the vehicle or TGF-β1 cohorts. Immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated significant increases in elastase 2B expression in TGF-β1-induced plaques as well as significant declines in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression relative to control levels. Our results demonstrate that PD-like fibrotic plaques can be created in the rabbit penile tunica albuginea following TGF-β1 injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Gundogdu
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Travis Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aarthi Namasivayam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Starek
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelman
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Joshua R Mauney
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Xu Y, Qian W, Huang L, Wen W, Li Y, Guo F, Zhu Z, Li Z, Gong J, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Lu N, Zhu W, Guo Z. Crohn's disease-associated AIEC inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell-derived exosomal let-7b expression regulates macrophage polarization to exacerbate intestinal fibrosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2193115. [PMID: 36945126 PMCID: PMC10038049 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2193115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and intestinal macrophages is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, its role in intestinal fibrogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In addition, miRNAs such as let-7b may participate in AIEC-macrophage interactions. In this study, we identified that the colonization of AIEC in the ileum was associated with enhanced intestinal fibrosis and reduced let-7b expression by enrolling a prospective cohort of CD patients undergoing ileocolectomy. Besides, AIEC-infected IL-10-/- mice presented more severe intestinal fibrosis and could be improved by exogenous let-7b. Mechanistically, intestinal macrophages were found to be the main target of let-7b. Transferring let-7b-overexpressing macrophages to AIEC-infected IL-10-/- mice significantly alleviated intestinal fibrosis. In vitro, AIEC suppressed exosomal let-7b derived from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), instead of the direct inhibition of let-7b in macrophages, to promote macrophages to a fibrotic phenotype. Finally, TGFβR1 was identified as one target of let-7b that regulates macrophage polarization. Overall, the results of our work indicate that AIEC is associated with enhanced intestinal fibrosis in CD. AIEC could inhibit exosomal let-7b from IECs to promote intestinal macrophages to a fibrotic phenotype and then contributed to fibrogenesis. Thus, anti-AIEC or let-7b therapy may serve as novel therapeutic approaches to ameliorate intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwei Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangyu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feilong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeqian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Yin GN, Piao S, Liu Z, Wang L, Ock J, Kwon MH, Kim DK, Gho YS, Suh JK, Ryu JK. RNA-sequencing profiling analysis of pericyte-derived extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles-regulated genes in primary cultured fibroblasts from normal and Peyronie's disease penile tunica albuginea. BMC Urol 2021; 21:103. [PMID: 34362357 PMCID: PMC8344132 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease (PD) is a severe fibrotic disease of the tunica albuginea that causes penis curvature and leads to penile pain, deformity, and erectile dysfunction. The role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis has recently been determined. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted attention regarding intercellular communication between cells in the field of fibrosis. However, the global gene expression of pericyte-derived EV-mimetic NVs (PC-NVs) in regulating fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we used RNA-sequencing technology to investigate the potential target genes regulated by PC-NVs in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque. METHODS Human primary fibroblasts derived from normal and PD patients was cultured and treated with cavernosum pericytes isolated extracellular vesicle (EV)-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs). A global gene expression RNA-sequencing assay was performed on normal fibroblasts, PD fibroblasts, and PD fibroblasts treated with PC-NVs. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for sequencing data validation. RESULTS A total of 4135 genes showed significantly differential expression in the normal fibroblasts, PD fibroblasts, and PD fibroblasts treated with PC-NVs. However, only 91 contra-regulated genes were detected among the three libraries. Furthermore, 20 contra-regulated genes were selected and 11 showed consistent changes in the RNA-sequencing assay, which were validated by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION The gene expression profiling results suggested that these validated genes may be good targets for understanding potential mechanisms and conducting molecular studies into PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Nan Yin
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuguang Piao
- Department of Urology at Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Urology at Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology at Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54531, Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
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Krakhotkin DV, Chernylovskyi VA, Mottrie A, Greco F, Bugaev RA. New insights into the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease: A narrative review. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 6:165-181. [PMID: 32885153 PMCID: PMC7451633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a benign, progressive fibrotic disorder characterized by scar or plaques within the tunica albuginea (TA) of the penis. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PD based on data from different studies regarding the roles of cytokines, cell signaling pathways, biochemical mechanisms, genetic factors responsible for fibrogenesis. A growing body of literature has shown that PD is a chronically impaired, localized, wound healing process within the TA and the Smith space. It is caused by the influence of different pathological stimuli, most often the effects of mechanical stress during sexual intercourse in genetically sensitive individuals with unusual anatomical TA features, imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP/TIMP), and suppressed antioxidant systems during chronic inflammation. Other intracellular signal cascades are activated during fibrosis along with low expression levels of their negative regulators and transforming growth factor-β1 signaling. The development of multikinase agents with minimal side effects that can block several signal cell pathways would significantly improve fibrosis in PD tissues by acting on common downstream mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Krakhotkin
- Outpatient Department, Central District Hospital, Kamenolomni, Rostov Region, Russia
| | | | - Alexandre Mottrie
- Department of Urology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium.,ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | | | - Ruslan A Bugaev
- Outpatient Department, Central District Hospital, Kamenolomni, Rostov Region, Russia
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Milenkovic U, Duponselle J, Bivalacqua TJ, Albersen M. Evolving therapies for Peyronie's disease: how can we work towards new drugs? Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:S284-S294. [PMID: 32257869 PMCID: PMC7108979 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.08.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is an idiopathic chronic fibrotic disease that causes a penile curvature (PC), subsequent erectile dysfunction (ED) and impaired sexual intercourse in patients. As of yet, there are no reliable non-surgical treatment options available. Intralesional injection with collagenase Clostridum Histolyticum has been FDA approved since 2013, but post-approval studies have not been unanimously positive. Moreover, it renders a curvature improvement of only 30% on average, usually still requiring surgical intervention to remedy PC. Therefore, there is a need for drugs which could prevent surgery altogether. Development of new drugs can either be through a target-based or phenotypic assay-based approach. The current in vivo model for PD is dependent on treatment of primary PD-derived fibroblasts with transforming growth factor-β1. Moreover, despite the existence of a genetic in vivo PD model, it does not allow for drug screening or testing. While some advances have been made in the past few years, new in vivo and in vivo systems and well-designed studies are urgently needed for the non-surgical treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Milenkovic
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Duponselle
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Song KM, Chung DY, Choi MJ, Ghatak K, Minh NN, Limanjaya A, Kwon MH, Ock J, Yin GN, Kim DK, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Vactosertib, a Novel, Orally Bioavailable Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5 Inhibitor, Promotes Regression of Fibrotic Plaques in a Rat Model of Peyronie's Disease. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:552-563. [PMID: 31496148 PMCID: PMC7502315 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the therapeutic effect of Vactosertib, a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase-5, ALK5), in an experimental model of Peyronie's disease (PD) and determining anti-fibrotic mechanisms of Vactosertib in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaques. Materials and Methods Male rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 per group); control rats without treatment; PD rats receiving vehicle; and PD rats receiving Vactosertib (10 mg/kg). PD-like plaques were induced by administering 100 µL of each of human fibrin and thrombin solutions into the tunica albuginea on days 0 and 5. Vactosertib was given orally five times a week for 2 weeks. On day 30, we performed electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve to measure erectile function, and the penis was obtained for histological examination. Fibroblasts isolated from human PD plaques were used to determine the anti-fibrotic effects of Vactosertib in vitro. Results Vactosertib induced significant regression of fibrotic plaques in PD rats in vivo through reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced expression of phospho-Smad2, which recovered erectile function. Vactosertib also abrogated TGF-β1-induced enhancement of extracellular matrix protein production and hydroxyproline content in PD fibroblasts in vitro by hindering the TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Conclusions In view of the critical role of TGF-β and the Smad pathway in the pathogenesis of PD, inhibition of this pathway with an ALK5 inhibitor may represent a novel, targeted therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Doo Yong Chung
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nguyen Nhat Minh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Anita Limanjaya
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dae Kee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewah Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jun Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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9
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Analysis of IL-1α, bFGF, TGF-β1, IFNγ, MMP-1, and CatD Expression in Multinuclea Macrophages In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:456-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Kang DH, Yin GN, Choi MJ, Song KM, Ghatak K, Minh NN, Kwon MH, Seong DH, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Silencing Histone Deacetylase 7 Alleviates Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Profibrotic Responses in Fibroblasts Derived from Peyronie's Plaque. World J Mens Health 2018; 36:139-146. [PMID: 29706035 PMCID: PMC5924955 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epigenetic modifications, such as histone acetylation/deacetylation and DNA methylation, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study was to study the differential gene expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in fibroblasts isolated from plaque tissue of Peyronie's disease (PD) or normal tunica albuginea (TA) and to examine the anti-fibrotic effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of HDAC7 in fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque. Materials and Methods For differential gene expression study, we performed reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for HDAC isoforms (1–11) in fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque or normal TA. Fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque were pretreated with HDAC7 siRNA (100 pmol) and then stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 10 ng/mL). Protein was extracted from treated fibroblasts for Western blotting. We also performed immunocytochemistry to detect the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and to examine the effect of HDAC2 siRNA on the TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and myofibroblastic differentiation. Results The mRNA expression of HDAC2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 was higher in fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque than in fibroblasts isolated from normal TA tissue. Knockdown of HDAC7 in PD fibroblasts inhibited TGF-β1-induced nuclear shuttle of Smad2 and Smad3, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and abrogated TGF-β1-induced production of extracellular matrix protein. Conclusions These findings suggest that specific inhibition of HDAC7 with RNA interference may represent a promising epigenetic therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyuk Kang
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kang Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nguyen Nhat Minh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Hwan Seong
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jun Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Park JH, Ryu SH, Choi EK, Ahn SD, Park E, Choi KC, Lee SW. SKI2162, an inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5), inhibits radiation-induced fibrosis in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4171-9. [PMID: 25686821 PMCID: PMC4414180 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrated that SKI2162, a small-molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5), prevented radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) in mice. SKI2162 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad and induction of RIF-related genes in vitro. In RIF a mouse model, SKI2162 reduced late skin reactions and leg-contracture without jeopardizing the acute skin reaction. Irradiation of mouse tissue increased COL1A2 mRNA levels, and topical administration of SKI2162 significantly inhibited this effect. Thus, these findings support that SKI2162 has potential value as novel RIF-protective agent, and could be candidate for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-hong Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Do Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euisun Park
- Life Science Research Center, SK Chemicals, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Choi MJ, Song KM, Park JM, Kwon MH, Kwon KD, Park SH, Ryu DS, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Effect of SMAD7 gene overexpression on TGF-β1-induced profibrotic responses in fibroblasts derived from Peyronie's plaque. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:487-92. [PMID: 25532569 PMCID: PMC4430956 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been identified as one of the most important fibrogenic cytokines associated with Peyronie's disease (PD). The mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7) is an inhibitory Smad protein that blocks TGF-β signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-fibrotic effect of the SMAD7 gene in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaques. PD fibroblasts were pretreated with the SMAD7 gene and then stimulated with TGF-β1. Treated fibroblasts were used for Western blotting, fluorescent immunocytochemistry, hydroxyproline determination, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assays. Overexpression of the SMAD7 gene inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and quashed TGF-β1-induced production of extracellular matrix protein and hydroxyproline. Overexpression of the SMAD7 gene decreased the expression of cyclin D1 (a positive cell cycle regulator) and induced the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, which is known to terminate Smad-mediated transcription, in PD fibroblasts. These findings suggest that the blocking of the TGF-β pathway by use of SMAD7 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- Department of Urology, National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Korea
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13
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Kwon KD, Choi MJ, Park JM, Song KM, Kwon MH, Batbold D, Yin GN, Kim WJ, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Silencing histone deacetylase 2 using small hairpin RNA induces regression of fibrotic plaque in a rat model of Peyronie's disease. BJU Int 2014; 114:926-36. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Dong Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Kang-Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Dulguun Batbold
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Woo Jean Kim
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon 400-711 Korea
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Shin SH, Kim WJ, Choi MJ, Park JM, Jin HR, Yin GN, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Aberrant expression of Wnt family contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2013; 2:107-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Shin
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - W. J. Kim
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - M. J. Choi
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - J.-M. Park
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - H.-R. Jin
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
- Department of Urology; Yuhuangding Hospital; Yantai China
| | - G. N. Yin
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - J.-K. Ryu
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - J.-K. Suh
- Department of Urology; National Research Center for Sexual Medicine; Inha University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
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15
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Song KM, Chung JS, Choi MJ, Jin HR, Yin GN, Kwon MH, Park JM, Kim WJ, Lee SJ, Kim SJ, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Effectiveness of intracavernous delivery of adenovirus encoding Smad7 gene on erectile function in a mouse model of cavernous nerve injury. J Sex Med 2013; 11:51-63. [PMID: 24433558 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) respond poorly to oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors following radical prostatectomy. Recent studies have reported that up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and activation of the Smad signaling pathway play important roles in cavernous fibrosis and in the deterioration of erectile function in a mouse model of cavernous nerve injury (CNI) and in patients with spinal cord injury. The mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) is known to inhibit the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. AIM To investigate the effectiveness of adenoviruses encoding Smad7 gene (Ad-Smad7) on erectile function in a mouse model of CNI. METHODS Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used and distributed into 7 groups: sham operation group, untreated CNI group, and CNI groups receiving a single intracavernous injection of adenovirus encoding LacZ (1 × 10(8) virus particles [vp]/20 μL) or adenovirus encoding Smad7 (Ad-Smad7; 1 × 10(7), 1 × 10(8), 2 × 10(8), or 1 × 10(9) vp/20 μL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Two weeks after bilateral cavernous nerve crushing and treatment, erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. The penis was harvested for histologic examinations and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The highest erectile response was noted in CNI mice treated with Ad-Smad7 at a dose of 1 × 10(8) vp, which reached up to 82-85% of sham control values. Local delivery of Ad-Smad7 significantly decreased endothelial cell apoptosis and the production of extracellular matrix proteins, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV, and induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in the corpus cavernosum tissue of CNI mice. CONCLUSION The adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of Smad7 successfully restored erectile function by enhancing endothelial cell function and through antifibrotic effects. These findings suggest that inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway by use of Smad7 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for ED induced by radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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16
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Kwon MH, Ryu JK, Kim WJ, Jin HR, Song KM, Kwon KD, Batbold D, Yin GN, Koh GY, Suh JK. Effect of intracavernous administration of angiopoietin-4 on erectile function in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2912-27. [PMID: 23937122 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes, and the severity of endothelial dysfunction is one of the most important factors in reduced responsiveness to oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. AIM To study the effects of human angiopoietin-4 (Ang-4) protein on erectile function in diabetic mice. METHODS Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice. At 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes, the animals were divided into four groups: control nondiabetic mice and diabetic mice receiving two successive intracavernous injections of phosphate buffered saline (days -3 and 0), a single intracavernous injection of Ang-4 protein (day 0), or two successive intracavernous injections of Ang-4 protein (days -3 and 0). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES One week after treatment, we measured erectile function by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. The penis was harvested and stained with hydroethidine or antibodies to Ang-4, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We also determined the differential expression of Ang-4 in cavernous tissue in the control and diabetic mice. The effect of Ang-4 protein on the phosphorylation of Tie-2, Akt, and eNOS was determined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by Western blot. RESULTS The cavernous expression of Ang-4 was downregulated in diabetic mice; Ang-4 was mainly expressed in endothelial cells. Local delivery of Ang-4 protein significantly increased cavernous endothelial content, induced eNOS phosphorylation, and decreased the generation of superoxide anion and apoptosis in diabetic mice. Ang-4 protein strongly increased the phosphorylation of Tie-2, Akt, and eNOS in HUVECs. Repeated intracavernous injections of Ang-4 induced significant restoration of erectile function in diabetic mice (87% of control values), whereas a single intracavernous injection of Ang-4 protein elicited modest improvement. CONCLUSIONS Cavernous endothelial regeneration by use of Ang-4 protein may have potential for the treatment of vascular disease-induced ED, such as diabetic ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Garaffa G, Trost LW, Serefoglu EC, Ralph D, Hellstrom WJG. Understanding the course of Peyronie's disease. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:781-8. [PMID: 23869679 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To correct common misconceptions about Peyronie's disease (PD) that present obstacles to early recognition and treatment. METHODS The prevalence, natural disease course, psychosocial effects and treatment considerations for patients with PD were reviewed. RESULTS Studies over the past decade have shown that the prevalence of PD may be higher (up to 20%) than previously thought. PD can lead to emotional and relationship distress. Nearly 10% of men who present with PD are younger than 40. Both younger age and comorbid vascular disease have been associated with more severe and progressive PD. In the majority of patients, symptoms will either deteriorate or remain stable. PD is often associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Effective, minimally invasive treatments used early in the disease course include unapproved and/or investigational intralesional injection therapy with verapamil, interferon (IFN) α-2b, or collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH). Surgical intervention is considered in patients with ED and/or penile deformity that impairs sexual functioning; however, preoperative discussion of appropriate expectations is important. DISCUSSION The availability of effective minimally invasive and surgical therapies for PD suggests that active management should be considered over a 'wait-and-see' approach. CONCLUSION Providing early intervention and improved education/awareness of PD as a chronic and progressive disorder may result in improved physical and psychosocial outcomes for PD patients. As general practitioners are often the first contact for men with PD, they are well positioned to recognise symptoms early and promptly refer patients for further evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garaffa
- St Peter's Andrology Centre, UCL, London, UK
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Inhibition of histone deacetylase 2 mitigates profibrotic TGF-β1 responses in fibroblasts derived from Peyronie's plaque. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:640-5. [PMID: 23770939 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as histone acetylation/deacetylation, have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. Peyronie's disease (PD) is a localized fibrotic process of the tunica albuginea, which leads to penile deformity. This study was undertaken to determine the anti-fibrotic effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque. PD fibroblasts were pre-treated with HDAC2 siRNA and then stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Protein was extracted from treated fibroblasts for Western blotting and the membranes were probed with antibody to phospho-Smad2/Smad2, phospho-Smad3/Smad3, smooth muscle α-actin and extracellular matrix proteins, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibronectin, collagen I and collagen IV. We also performed immunocytochemistry to detect the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and to examine the effect of HDAC2 siRNA on the TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in fibroblasts. Knockdown of HDAC2 in PD fibroblasts abrogated TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix production by blocking TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad3, and by inhibiting TGF-β1-induced transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Decoding the individual function of the HDAC isoforms by use of siRNA technology, preferably siRNA for HDAC2, may lead to the development of specific and safe epigenetic therapies for PD.
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Jung KH, Ryu YL, Lee HS, Lee H, Son MK, Yan HH, Hong SW, Ryu JK, Hong S, Suh JK, Hong SS. A novel PI3K inhibitor alleviates fibrotic responses in fibroblasts derived from Peyronie's plaques. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:2001-8. [PMID: 23588860 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peyronie's disease (PD) is fibrosis localized in the tunica albuginea that is characterized by penile deformity and curvature. The pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear even though transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/smad signalling has been reported to be associated with PD. Recent studies have shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling regulates fibrotic responses including collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. Thus, we synthesized HS-173, a novel PI3K inhibitor, and determined whether this compound has anti-fibrotic effects on PD-derived primary fibroblasts. In this study, we found that HS-173 inhibited the growth of fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. In addition, HS-173 reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, PAI-1, fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen IV and TGF-β-activated smad2/3 in PD-derived primary fibroblasts. HS-173 blocked the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway by decreasing the activation of Akt, mTOR and P70S6K. Our results showed that HS-173 suppressed fibrotic responses such as cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by blocking PI3K/Akt signalling in PD-derived primary fibroblasts. Our findings provide molecular insights into the potential therapeutic action of HS-173 through targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in PD-derived fibroblasts and demonstrated that HS-173 could be used as a pharmacological agent for treating other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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Cytokine Gene Expression in the Tunica Albuginea of Patients with Peyronie's Disease. Pilot Study with a Control Group. Urologia 2012; 79:189-96. [DOI: 10.5301/ru.2012.9686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and objective Cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease (PD). In this case, biological drugs, acting on specific cytokines, could be adopted in the pharmacological treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods Twenty PD patients and 8 patients affected by congenital recurvatum penis (control group) who underwent corporoplasty were enrolled in the study Histological examination and measurement by Real Time PCR of the expression of the encoding genes for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were performed on the removed tunica albuginea (TA). For the normalization of data GAPDH (glucerldehyde-3fosfatehydrogenase) and GUSB (β-glucuronidase), housekeeping genes were used. The analysis of the data was performed using the comparative method of ΔCt. The results were reported with the Fold of induction (FOI) method. Results The histological exams of TA showed only fibrous tissue without cavernous tissue. The analysis of gene expression of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β1 showed in all samples very low levels. The levels were lower in PD patients although the differences were not statistically significant. An exception was represented by TGF-β that showed a higher level in PD patients, although not statistically significant. The expression of IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α was undetectable. Conclusions The expressions of cytokines in TA of PD patients compared to those of the controls do not show any significant difference. A bias of our study is that the groups were not age-matched. This is a bias already present in similar experiences and due to the different pathogenesis of the diseases. Cytokines promoting inflammation resulted undetectable and do not seem to be involved in PD pathogenesis. The higher level of TGF-β, a pro-fibrotic cytokine, detected in PD could explain the presence of fibrotic tissue. Presently, there is no data suggesting a possible role of biological drugs in PD.
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Shiraishi K, Shimabukuro T, Matsuyama H. The prevalence of Peyronie's disease in Japan: a study in men undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and routine health checks. J Sex Med 2012; 9:2716-23. [PMID: 22897619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of Peyronie's disease (PD) in the general population is believed to be as high as 20%. However, most of the data concerning the prevalence of PD have been obtained from Caucasian populations. AIM The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of PD in Asia and among men undergoing hemodialysis and discuss the pathophysiology of PD. METHODS A total of 1,090 men who received a routine health check at our hospital (control group) as well as 130 male patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled. The diagnosis of PD was based on a palpable penile plaque. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hemodialysis patients were asked about their sexual activity and completed the International Index of Erectile Function-5 questionnaires. The differences between patients' and hemodialysis-associated factors, comorbidities, and medications were statistically assessed for patients with and without PD. RESULTS The prevalence of PD was significantly increased among hemodialysis patients (12 patients: 9.2%) relative the control group (six men: 0.6%) (P<0.0001, odds ratio: 18.4). In both groups, the plaques were primarily allocated dorsally. In the hemodialysis patients with PD, the frequency of masturbation (P<0.05) and the incidence of moderate or severe erectile dysfunction (P<0.01) were significantly higher than those among hemodialysis patients without PD. In comparison with patients without PD, the number of acetate dialysate users was significantly higher among patients with PD (P<0.05), and none of the PD patients used angiotensin-related antihypertensive drugs (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PD in healthy Japanese men is low (0.6%), which suggests the existence of racial differences in the prevalence of PD. Moreover, these results indicate that hemodialysis increases the incidence of PD. The differences in the characteristics between male hemodialysis patients with and without PD provide new insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic window of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, UBE Industries Central Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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Jang JH, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5 Inhibitor Attenuates Fibrosis in Fibroblasts Derived from Peyronie's Plaque. Korean J Urol 2012; 53:44-9. [PMID: 22323974 PMCID: PMC3272556 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2012.53.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is the key fibrogenic cytokine associated with Peyronie's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to determine the antifibrotic effect of 3-((5-(6-Methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl) methyl)benzamide (IN-1130), a small-molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), in fibroblasts isolated from human PD plaque. Materials and Methods Plaque tissue from a patient with PD was used for primary fibroblast culture, and we then characterized primary cultured cells. Fibroblasts were pretreated with IN-1130 (10 µM) and then stimulated with TGF-β1 protein (10 ng/ml). We determined the inhibitory effect of IN-1130 on TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 or the nuclear translocation of Smad proteins in fibroblasts. Western blot analyses for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV were performed to evaluate effect of IN-1130 on the production of extracellular matrix proteins. Results The treatment of fibroblasts with TGF-β1 significantly increased phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and induced translocation of Smad proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Pretreatment with IN-1130 substantially inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and nuclear accumulation of Smad proteins. The TGF-β1-induced production of extracellular matrix proteins was also significantly inhibited by treatment with IN-1130 and returned to basal levels. Conclusions Overexpression of TGF-β and activation of Smad transcriptional factors are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway by ALK5 inhibitor may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyuk Jang
- National Research Laboratory of Regenerative Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Drugs of the future for Peyronie's disease. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:305-11. [PMID: 22154542 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of Peyronie's disease (PD), the interest in new concept medications to treat the disorder is escalating. Profibrogenic factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, endothelin (ET-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), angiotensin (Ang) II and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), all appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. β-Thymosins, pirfenidone, nitric oxide (NO) donors, phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/anti-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 reduce collagen synthesis, while decorin, follistatin, and Smad 7 exert antifibrotic effects; all have been proposed for the treatment of PD. Alternative and/or novel approaches for the treatment of PD are needed in part because of the recognized multifactorial etiology of this complex disorder. A comprehensive approach for translating available experimental information into clinically effective drug trials for the treatment of PD is needed. We propose a multi-faceted approach for drug development to generate novel drug products for the treatment of PD.
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Shin TY, Ryu JK, Jin HR, Piao S, Tumurbaatar M, Yin GN, Shin SH, Kwon MH, Song KM, Fang ZH, Han JY, Kim WJ, Suh JK. Increased Cavernous Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Activation of the Smad Signaling Pathway Affects Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Spinal Cord Injury. J Sex Med 2011; 8:1454-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abdel-Hamid IA, Anis T. Peyronie's disease: perspectives on therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:913-29. [PMID: 21492024 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.577419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie's disease (PD) is an acquired benign connective tissue disorder of the penis, characterized by the development of fibrotic plaques, that can cause different degrees of bending, narrowing or shortening. Medical treatment for PD remains a major challenge. Impressive progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PD pathogenesis has uncovered several promising molecular targets for antifibrotic treatments. AREAS COVERED This review covers the literature pertaining to the exploration of therapeutic targets for PD. The search included: i) a MEDLINE search from 1941 to January 2011, limited to English-language medical literature, ii) relevant abstracts from 2009 and 2010, iii) relevant textbooks and iv) a pipeline search for therapeutics in development. EXPERT OPINION Rapid translational research depends on our ability to develop rational therapies targeted to penile tunical fibrosis, which necessitate a sound knowledge of the biology, biochemistry and the physiological role of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and stem cells in PD. Much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of PD. Although there are many interesting therapeutic targets, we are confronted with some questions when identifying new targets, or when validating potential therapeutic options.
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Loreto C, Barbagli G, Djinovic R, Vespasiani G, Carnazza ML, Miano R, Musumeci G, Sansalone S. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptor (DR5) in Peyronie's disease. A biomolecular study of apoptosis activation. J Sex Med 2010; 8:109-15. [PMID: 20840533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder of tunica albuginea (TA), a thick fibrous sheath surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. Relatively, little is known about the disease itself. AIM To investigate whether the apoptosis cascade in degenerated and macroscopically deformed TA from men with PD is activated through the extrinsic pathway, by assessing the immunoexpression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptor, DR5. METHODS TA plaques from 15 men with PD and from four unaffected men were processed for TRAIL and DR5 immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of PD through a molecular approach, to gain insights that may lead to novel forms of treatment. RESULTS Activation of the apoptosis mechanisms through the extrinsic pathway was demonstrated by TRAIL and DR5 overexpression in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from affected TA. CONCLUSION The finding that apoptosis activation in TA plaques occurs, at least in part, via the extrinsic pathway may help devise novel therapeutic options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Loreto
- Department of Anatomy, Diagnostic Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Italy.
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