1
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Dávila-Santacruz S, Corona-Quintanilla DL, Velázquez-Orozco V, Martínez-Gómez M, Castelán F, Cuevas-Romero E, Barrales-Fuentes B, Nicolás-Toledo L, Rodríguez-Antolín J. Sucrose consumption modifies the urethrogenital reflex and histological organization of the bulbospongiosus muscle in the male rat. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114391. [PMID: 37907190 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the bulbospongiosus muscle (Bsm) are associated with male sexual dysfunction, such as premature ejaculation. We determined the effect of sucrose-water consumption during pregnancy-lactation and postnatal on reflex responses and morphology of Bsm fibers in adult male Wistar rat offspring. Female rats were mated and grouped into consumed tap water mothers and sucrose-water (5 %) mothers during pregnancy-lactation to obtain experimental groups. Male pups were weaned and assigned into four groups (n = 12; each group). Those from control mothers who continued drinking tap water (CM-CO group) or sucrose water (CM-SO group), and those from sucrose mothers who drank tap water (SM-CO group) or continued drinking sucrose water (SM-SO group) until adult life. In male rat offspring (n = 6 per group) was recorded the electrical activity of Bsm was recorded during penile stimulation and urethrogenital reflex (UGR). Other male rat offspring were designated for histological analysis (n = 6 per group). Sucrose consumption during prenatal stages increased the frequency of the Bsm during UGR, while pre and postnatal consumption modified muscle fiber cross-sectional area and increased the collagen content, suggesting that a combination of a diet with pre- and postnatal sucrose changes the Bsm morphophysiology possibly causing male sexual dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica Velázquez-Orozco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Mexico; Licenciatura en Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90070 Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90070 Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90070 Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Nicolás-Toledo
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90070 Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90070 Mexico.
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2
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Oti T, Sakamoto H. Neuropeptidergic control circuits in the spinal cord for male sexual behaviour: Oxytocin-gastrin-releasing peptide systems. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13324. [PMID: 37515539 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptidergic mechanisms controlling socio-sexual behaviours consist of complex neuronal circuitry systems in widely distributed areas of the brain and spinal cord. At the organismal level, it is now becoming clear that "hormonal regulations" play an important role, in addition to the activation of neuronal circuits. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) system in the lumbosacral spinal cord is an important component of the neural circuits that control penile reflexes in rats, circuits that are commonly referred to as the "spinal ejaculation generator (SEG)." Oxytocin, long known as a neurohypophyseal hormone, is now known to be involved in the regulation of socio-sexual behaviors in mammals, ranging from social bonding to empathy. However, the functional interaction between the SEG neurons and the hypothalamo-spinal oxytocin system remains unclear. Oxytocin is known to be synthesised mainly in hypothalamic neurons and released from the posterior pituitary into the circulation. Oxytocin is also released from the dendrites of the neurons into the hypothalamus where they have important roles in social behaviours via non-synaptic volume transmission. Because the most familiar functions of oxytocin are to regulate female reproductive functions including parturition, milk ejection, and maternal behaviour, oxytocin is often thought of as a "feminine" hormone. However, there is evidence that a group of parvocellular oxytocin neurons project to the lower spinal cord and control male sexual function in rats. In this report, we review the functional interaction between the SEG neurons and the hypothalamo-spinal oxytocin system and effects of these neuropeptides on male sexual behaviour. Furthermore, we discuss the finding of a recently identified, localised "volume transmission" role of oxytocin in the spinal cord. Findings from our studies suggest that the newly discovered "oxytocin-mediated spinal control of male sexual function" may be useful in the treatment of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Oti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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3
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Coskuner ER, Ozkan B. Premature Ejaculation and Endocrine Disorders: A Literature Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:38-51. [PMID: 33831976 PMCID: PMC8761237 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction, with 30% of men experiencing PE worldwide. According to the generally accepted classification, there are two types of PE: lifetime PE and acquired PE. Various biological and psychological causes are known to be involved in the etiology of PE. However, due to the incomplete definition and etiopathogenesis of PE, there is no effective treatment. Although clinical and animal studies indicate that hormones play a role in controlling the ejaculation process, the precise endocrine mechanisms are unclear. In addition, little is known about the role of endocrine disorders in PE etiology. However, there is evidence that diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), thyroid gland disorders, pituitary gland disorders, and vitamin D deficiency affect the prevalence of PE. Moreover, it has been reported that the prevalence of PE decreases with treatment of these endocrine disorders. In this review, the relationship between PE and DM, MetS, obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and thyroid and pituitary gland disorders is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Rauf Coskuner
- Department of Urology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burak Ozkan
- Department of Urology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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McKenna KE. What Is the Trigger for Sexual Climax? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:383-390. [PMID: 34664153 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A model is proposed to consider sexual climax in men, women, and animals as a unitary phenomenon. Sexual climax is a stereotyped rhythmic pattern of spinally generated neural activity in the autonomic and somatic nerves innervating pelvic organs. A column of neurons in the spinal cord of the male rat is strongly activated by ejaculation (sexual climax in the male). These neurons project to the thalamus and are therefore called lumbar spinothalamic cells (LSt cells). Comprehensive studies have demonstrated that the LSt cells constitute a central pattern generator of ejaculation. These findings have been extended to female animals. Further studies identified LSt cells in the lumbar spinal cord of men and women. Strong evidence indicates that the LSt cells mediate ejaculation in men. The climax model generalizes and extends these studies. It postulates that LSt cells in the lumbar spinal cord of humans and animals of both sexes generate climax. The LSt cells generate the neural activity driving the pelvic contractions and other responses of climax. The activity is transmitted to supraspinal sites to activate orgasm. The LSt cells receive excitatory and inhibitory projections from supraspinal sites. The descending projections reflect subjective arousal and inhibitions. Spinal sensory neurons from the genitals provide excitatory and inhibitory innervation to the LSt cells. These represent pleasurable and noxious sensations. The supraspinal and spinal excitatory and inhibitory inputs are integrated by the LSt. When the sum of the excitatory inputs, minus the sum of the inhibitory inputs reaches a threshold, the LSt cells generate sexual climax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E McKenna
- Departments of Neuroscience and Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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5
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Mostafa T, Abdel-Hamid IA. Ejaculatory dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:954-974. [PMID: 34326948 PMCID: PMC8311479 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency, in the background of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, or both. Such chronic hyperglycemia is linked to long-term damage to blood vessels, nerves, and various organs. Currently, the worldwide burden of DM and its complications is in increase. Male sexual dysfunction is one of the famous complications of DM, including abnormal orgasmic/ejaculatory functions, desire/libido, and erection. Ejaculatory dysfunction encompasses several disorders related to DM and its complications, such as premature ejaculation, anejaculation (AE), delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation (RE), ejaculatory pain, anesthetic ejaculation, decreased ejaculate volume, and decreased force of ejaculation. The problems linked to ejaculatory dysfunction may extend beyond the poor quality of life in diabetics as both AE and RE are alleged to alter the fertility potential of these patients. However, although both diabetes patients and their physicians are increasingly aware of diabetic ejaculatory dysfunction, this awareness still lags behind that of other diabetes complications. Therefore, all these disorders should be looked for thoroughly during the clinical evaluation of diabetic men. Besides, introducing the suitable option and/or maneuvers to treat these disorders should be tailored according to each case. This review aimed to explore the most important findings regarding ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetes from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology & Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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6
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Wiggins JW, Sledd JE, Coolen LM. Spinal Cord Injury Causes Reduction of Galanin and Gastrin Releasing Peptide mRNA Expression in the Spinal Ejaculation Generator of Male Rats. Front Neurol 2021; 12:670536. [PMID: 34239493 PMCID: PMC8258150 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.670536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) in men is commonly associated with sexual dysfunction, including anejaculation, and chronic mid-thoracic contusion injury in male rats also impairs ejaculatory reflexes. Ejaculation is controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator consisting of a population of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) neurons that control ejaculation through release of four neuropeptides including galanin and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) onto lumbar and sacral autonomic and motor nuclei. It was recently demonstrated that spinal contusion injury in male rats caused reduction of GRP-immunoreactivity, but not galanin-immunoreactivity in LSt cells, indicative of reduced GRP peptide levels, but inconclusive results for galanin. The current study further tests the hypothesis that contusion injury causes a disruption of GRP and galanin mRNA in LSt cells. Male rats received mid-thoracic contusion injury and galanin and GRP mRNA were visualized 8 weeks later in the lumbar spinal cord using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Spinal cord injury significantly reduced GRP and galanin mRNA in LSt cells. Galanin expression was higher in LSt cells compared to GRP. However, expression of the two transcripts were positively correlated in LSt cells in both sham and SCI animals, suggesting that expression for the two neuropeptides may be co-regulated. Immunofluorescent visualization of galanin and GRP peptides demonstrated a significant reduction in GRP-immunoreactivity, but not galanin in LSt cells, confirming the previous observations. In conclusion, SCI reduced GRP and galanin expression in LSt cells with an apparent greater impact on GRP peptide levels. GRP and galanin are both essential for triggering ejaculation and thus such reduction may contribute to ejaculatory dysfunction following SCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Wiggins
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jonathan E Sledd
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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7
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Federighi G, Asteriti S, Cangiano L. Lumbar spinal cord neurons putatively involved in ejaculation are sexually dimorphic in early postnatal mice. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:624-636. [PMID: 31566721 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A crucial role in ejaculation is thought to be played by a population of lumbar spino-thalamic neurons (LSt), which express galanin and other neuropeptides. In rats, these neurons are activated with ejaculation and their lesion selectively abolishes ejaculation but not other mating behaviors. Consistently with their role, in adult rats and humans, LSt neurons are sexually dimorphic, being more numerous in males. Here we examined whether sexual dimorphism arises early in development, using a transgenic mouse line in which the expression of fluorescent protein is driven by the galanin promoter. We focused on postnatal day 4, shortly after a transient perinatal androgen surge in males that could play an organizational role in LSt development. We found a population of brightly fluorescent neurons organized in bilateral columns dorsolateral to the central canal in segments L1-L5, the expected location of the LSt group. Their number was close to that of adult preparations and significantly greater in male than in female siblings (+19%; CI95% : +13% to +27%; p < .01). This was not due to a generalized higher galanin expression in the male since fluorescent L4 DRG neurons, innervating the hindlimbs and lower back, were not significantly dimorphic (-4%; CI95% : -10% to +8%; p = .92). Unexpectedly, we found in cervical segments a population of fluorescent neurons having a location relative to the central canal similar to the LSt. Thus, the LSt group is sexually dimorphic soon after birth. However, it is possible that only a subset of its neurons participate in the control of ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Asteriti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cangiano
- Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Cong R, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang Z, Song N. Two cases of psychogenic anejaculation patients got normal ejaculation ability after penile vibratory stimulation or electroejaculation. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 8:758-761. [PMID: 32038973 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychogenic anejaculation is a unique problem which accounts for 0.4-0.5% of anejaculation patients. Although patients with this problem may experience erections and nocturnal emissions (NEs), they do not experience ejaculation during either masturbation or coitus. The etiology is presently unknown. Penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) and electroejaculation (EEJ) have been the main methods of sperm retrieval for psychogenic anejaculation couples undergoing assisted reproduction technology (ART). However, there is no special treatment which can heal psychogenic anejaculation patients. Here, we report two psychogenic anejaculation patients who recovered normal ejaculation ability after PVS or EEJ procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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9
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Chad JA. The First Ejaculation: A Male Pubertal Milestone Comparable to Menarche? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:213-221. [PMID: 30500271 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1543643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boys experience their first ejaculation (thorarche) during adolescence, but this event is often overlooked as a milestone in male adolescent development. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to thorarche and consider it in comparison with the female milestone of menarche. A critical analysis is provided of how thorarche has been interpreted to date and the complexities in construing thorarche from a biological perspective are outlined. Despite potential tenability of characterizing thorarche as a comparable milestone to menarche, two particular points challenge this notion: (a) While thorarche may befall the boy involuntarily, it may also be induced by the boy's own will; and (b) Thorarche occurs concomitantly with (pubertal) orgasmarche and has an innate connection with sexuality. The answer to the title question remains contentious, but open topics for future research are noted throughout the article as essential steps towards attaining a better understanding of thorarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Chad
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences
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10
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Ventura-Aquino E, Paredes RG. Sexual behavior in rodents: Where do we go from here? Horm Behav 2020; 118:104678. [PMID: 31927024 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormones and Behavior was first published 50 years ago including some articles related to the hormonal regulation of sexual behavior in different species. Since then, this research field has produced outstanding discoveries that have contributed to our understanding of the control of sexual behavior. The refinement of classical techniques and the development of new experimental tools has opened the door to a new era of research that will allow us to understand different aspects of sexual behavior. It would also expand the possible extrapolation from animal models to understand human sexuality and its dysfunctions. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent findings about sexual behavior in both sexes including the refinement of classical methods of study with new approaches and questions as well as the development of new methods trying to explain mechanisms of action on motivational and consummatory elements of mating behavior. We also reviewed other aspects that modulate sexual behavior such as attractivity, olfactory signals and learning which model mate selection. Additionally, we described studies demonstrating that sexual behavior induces permanent brain modifications in neuronal circuits. Finally, we briefly describe recent contributions on animal models of human sexuality dysfunctions which, although with their own limitations, are under continuous refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ventura-Aquino
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla UNAM. Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Raúl G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla UNAM. Querétaro, Qro, Mexico.
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11
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Propriospinal Neurons of L3-L4 Segments Involved in Control of the Rat External Urethral Sphincter. Neuroscience 2019; 425:12-28. [PMID: 31785359 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of activity of external urethral sphincter (EUS) striated muscle and bladder (BL) smooth muscle is essential for efficient voiding. In this study we examined the morphological and electrophysiological properties of neurons in the L3/L4 spinal cord (SC) that are likely to have an important role in EUS-BL coordination in rats. EUS-related SC neurons were identified by retrograde transsynaptic tracing following injection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) co-expressing fluorescent markers into the EUS of P18-P20 male rats. Tracing revealed not only EUS motoneurons in L6/S1 but also interneurons in lamina X of the L6/S1 and L3/L4 SC. Physiological properties of fluorescently labeled neurons were assessed during whole-cell recordings in SC slices followed by reconstruction of biocytin-filled neurons. Reconstructions of neuronal processes from transverse or longitudinal slices showed that some L3/L4 neurons have axons projecting toward and into the ventro-medial funiculus (VMf) where axons extended caudally. Other neurons had axons projecting within laminae X and VII. Dendrites of L3/L4 neurons were distributed within laminae X and VII. The majority of L3/L4 neurons exhibited tonic firing in response to depolarizing currents. In transverse slices focal electrical stimulation (FES) in the VMf or in laminae X and VII elicited antidromic axonal spikes and/or excitatory synaptic responses in L3/L4 neurons; while in longitudinal slices FES elicited excitatory synaptic inputs from sites up to 400 μm along the central canal. Inhibitory inputs were rarely observed. These data suggest that L3/L4 EUS-related circuitry consists of at least two neuronal populations: segmental interneurons and propriospinal neurons projecting to L6/S1.
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12
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Steuer I, Guertin PA. Central pattern generators in the brainstem and spinal cord: an overview of basic principles, similarities and differences. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:107-164. [PMID: 30543520 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are generally defined as networks of neurons capable of enabling the production of central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic motor behaviors. Several CPGs localized in brainstem and spinal cord areas have been shown to underlie the expression of complex behaviors such as deglutition, mastication, respiration, defecation, micturition, ejaculation, and locomotion. Their pivotal roles have clearly been demonstrated although their organization and cellular properties remain incompletely characterized. In recent years, insightful findings about CPGs have been made mainly because (1) several complementary animal models were developed; (2) these models enabled a wide variety of techniques to be used and, hence, a plethora of characteristics to be discovered; and (3) organizations, functions, and cell properties across all models and species studied thus far were generally found to be well-preserved phylogenetically. This article aims at providing an overview for non-experts of the most important findings made on CPGs in in vivo animal models, in vitro preparations from invertebrate and vertebrate species as well as in primates. Data about CPG functions, adaptation, organization, and cellular properties will be summarized with a special attention paid to the network for locomotion given its advanced level of characterization compared with some of the other CPGs. Similarities and differences between these networks will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Steuer
- Neuroscience Unit, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL - CHU de Québec), 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre A Guertin
- Neuroscience Unit, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL - CHU de Québec), 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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13
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Wiggins JW, Kozyrev N, Sledd JE, Wilson GG, Coolen LM. Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Reduces Gastrin-Releasing Peptide in the Spinal Ejaculation Generator in Male Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:3378-3393. [PMID: 31111794 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes sexual dysfunction, including anejaculation in men. Likewise, chronic mid-thoracic contusion injury impairs ejaculatory reflexes in male rats. Ejaculation is controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator (SEG) comprised of a population of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) neurons. LSt neurons co-express four neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and galanin and control ejaculation via release of these peptides in lumbar and sacral autonomic and motor nuclei. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contusion injury causes a disruption of the neuropeptides that are expressed in LSt cell bodies and axon terminals, thereby causing ejaculatory dysfunction. Male Sprague Dawley rats received contusion or sham surgery at spinal levels T6-7. Five to six weeks later, animals were perfused and spinal cords were immunoprocessed for galanin and GRP. Results showed that numbers of cells immunoreactive for galanin were not altered by SCI, suggesting that LSt cells are not ablated by SCI. In contrast, GRP immunoreactivity was decreased in LSt cells following SCI, evidenced by fewer GRP and galanin/GRP dual labeled cells. However, SCI did not affect efferent connections of LSt, cells as axon terminals containing galanin or GRP in contact with autonomic cells were not reduced following SCI. Finally, no changes in testosterone plasma levels or androgen receptor expression were noted after SCI. In conclusion, chronic contusion injury decreased immunoreactivity for GRP in LSt cell soma, but did not affect LSt neurons per se or LSt connections within the SEG. Since GRP is essential for triggering ejaculation, such loss may contribute to ejaculatory dysfunction following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Walker Wiggins
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Natalie Kozyrev
- Robarts Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan E Sledd
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - George G Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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14
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Seizert CA. The neurobiology of the male sexual refractory period. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:350-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Andreev-Andrievskiy A, Lagereva E, Popova A. Reflex erection in the rat: reciprocal interplay between hemodynamic and somatic events. BMC Urol 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29739451 PMCID: PMC5941648 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Penile erection is a complex reflex under spinal control and modulated by the brain. The hemodynamic events under autonomic control and the perineal muscles somatic activity are interconnected during the reflex erection at the spinal level, however if the afferent feedback on the corpus cavernosum pressure during an erection affects the somatic activity (perineal muscles contractions) and vice versa is not known. This study was aimed to test this hypothesis using a rat model. Methods Intracavernous pressure (ICP) and bulbocavernosus (BC) muscle EMG were recorded during reflex erections elicited with dorsal penile nerve (DNP) electrical stimulation in anaesthetized acutely spinalized SD rats with surgically (bilateral cavernous nerve section, CnX, n = 8) and pharmacologically (trimetaphan infusion, TMPh, n = 8) abolished pressor response, or with surgically (bilateral section of the motor branch of the pudendal nerve, PnX, n = 7) and pharmacologically (1 mg/kg d-tubocurarine, n = 8) blocked perineal muscles contractions, or with interrupted afferent input from the penis (bilateral crush of the dorsal penile nerve, DPnX, n = 7). Control rats (n = 8) received no intervention. Results Moderate positive correlations were found between net parameters of pressor and somatic activity during DNP-stimulation induced reflex erection in spinal rats, particularly the speed of pressor response development was positively correlated to EMG parameters. No changes of EMG activity were found in CnX rats, while the decrease of BC EMG in TMPh-treated males can be attributed to direct inhibitory action of TMPh on neuromuscular transmission. Pressor response latency was increased and ICP front slope decreased in dTK and PnX rats, indicating that perineal muscles contraction augment pressor response. DPN crush had little effect on ICP and EMG. Conclusion Afferent input on the level of intracavernous pressure and the perineal muscles activity has minimal impact on, correspondingly, the somatic and the autonomic components of the reflex erection in spinal males, once the reflex has been initiated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12894-018-0352-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Institute for biomedical problems RAS, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia. .,MSU Institute for mitoengeneering, LLC, 1-73A Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Evgeniia Lagereva
- Institute for biomedical problems RAS, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia.,MSU Institute for mitoengeneering, LLC, 1-73A Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anfisa Popova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for biomedical problems RAS, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia.,MSU Institute for mitoengeneering, LLC, 1-73A Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Alexander MS, Marson L. The neurologic control of arousal and orgasm with specific attention to spinal cord lesions: Integrating preclinical and clinical sciences. Auton Neurosci 2018; 209:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Deeh Defo PB, Asongu E, Wankeu MN, Ngadjui E, Bonsou Fazin GR, Kemka FX, Carro-Juarez M, Kamanyi A, Kamtchouing P, Watcho P. Guibourtia tessmannii-induced fictive ejaculation in spinal male rat: involvement of D 1, D 2-like receptors. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1138-1143. [PMID: 28218041 PMCID: PMC6130475 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1291692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Guibourtia tessmannii (Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant traditionally used as aphrodisiac. We previously reported the pro-ejaculatory effects of the aqueous and methanol extracts of G. tesmannii in spinal male rat. However, the mechanism underlying such effects has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study characterizes the dopaminergic sub-type receptors involved in G. tesmannii-induced ejaculation in male Wistar rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urethane-anesthetized spinal male rats were intravenously treated with saline solution (1 mL/kg, control); dopamine (0.1 μmol/kg, reference); aqueous or methanol extracts of G. tesmannii (20 mg/kg) in the absence or presence of haloperidol (0.26 μmol/kg), a nonspecific dopaminergic receptor antagonist, Sch23390 (0.26 μmol/kg), a specific D1-like receptor antagonist or, sulpiride (0.26 μmol/kg), a specific D2-like receptor antagonist. Electromyography of the bulbospongiosus muscles and intraseminal pressure were recorded after urethral, penile and drug stimulations. RESULTS Urethral and penile stimulations, intravenous injection of dopamine or, aqueous and methanol extracts of G. tesmannii always triggered the expression of rhythmic contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles with an average mean of 3.33 ± 0.43; 7.83 ± 0.85; 9.80 ± 0.86; 0.83 ± 0.54 and 2.67 ± 0.95 contractions, respectively. The intraseminal pressure was more expressed after urethral and penile stimulations (15.66 ± 1.58 and 13.60 ± 2.40 mmHg, respectively). In rats pretreated with haloperidol, Sch23390 or sulpiride, no ejaculation was recorded after intravenous injection of G. tesmannii extracts or dopamine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Guibourtia tesmannii-induced ejaculation requires the integrity of D1 and D2-like receptors. These findings further justify the ethno-medicinal claims of G. tesmannii as an aphrodisiac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brice Deeh Defo
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvis Asongu
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Modeste Nya Wankeu
- Department of Animal Organisms Biology, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Esther Ngadjui
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - François Xavier Kemka
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Miguel Carro-Juarez
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Reproductivo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala-Mexico, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Albert Kamanyi
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Watcho
- Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Laboratory, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Kozyrev N, Coolen LM. Activation of galanin and cholecystokinin receptors in the lumbosacral spinal cord is required for ejaculation in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:846-858. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kozyrev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Physiology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Lique M. Coolen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Western University; London ON Canada
- Department of Physiology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences; University of Mississippi Medical Center; Jackson MS USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; University of Mississippi Medical Center; 2500 North State Street Jackson MS 39216 USA
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Chéhensse C, Facchinetti P, Bahrami S, Andrey P, Soler JM, Chrétien F, Bernabé J, Clément P, Denys P, Giuliano F. Human spinal ejaculation generator. Ann Neurol 2016; 81:35-45. [PMID: 27917533 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A spinal ejaculation generator (SEG) has been identified in the rat with lumbar galaninergic interneurons playing a pivotal role (Science 2002;297:1566-1569). The aim was to evidence a SEG in humans. METHODS Spatial distribution of galaninergic neurons was studied in postmortem spinal cord segments of 6 men and compared with that of 6 women for evidencing sexual dimorphism. Based on the identified segmental distribution of galaninergic neurons, the ability for penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) to elicit ejaculation when the concerned spinal segments were injured was studied in 384 patients with clinically complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and consequent anejaculation. Such patients represent a unique model to investigate the role of defined spinal segments in the control of ejaculation. RESULTS Galaninergic neurons were mostly located between L2 and L5 segments in medial lamina VII, with a maximal density within L4. Three-dimensional 3D reconstruction showed that these neurons were grouped into single columns bilaterally to the central canal. In addition, galaninergic neuron density was found higher in L3 and L4 segments in men as compared to women supporting sexual dimorphism. In the patients' cohort, injury of L3-L5 segments was the sole independent predictor for failure of PVS to induce ejaculation. Although evidence from clinical observations was indirect, there is close correspondence to neuroanatomical data. INTERPRETATION Organization and sexual dimorphism of human spinal galaninergic neurons were similar to the rat's SEG. Neurohistological data, together with clinical results, corroborate the existence of an SEG in humans in L3-L5 segments. Such a generator could be targeted to treat neurogenic and non-neurogenic ejaculatory disorders. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:35-45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chéhensse
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR 1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Patricia Facchinetti
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR 1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Stéphane Bahrami
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, EA 4047, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,INSERM CIC 1429 and Public Health department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Philippe Andrey
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 6, UFR927, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Soler
- Urodynamics and sexology laboratory, Bouffard Vercelli Centre, Cerbère, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Institut Pasteur, Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Paris, France.,Service de Neuropathologie, Sainte Anne Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Bernabé
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR 1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Pierre Clément
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR 1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Pierre Denys
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR 1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Neuro-Uro-Andrology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - François Giuliano
- Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, Inserm UMR 1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Neuro-Uro-Andrology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
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20
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Chéhensse C, Clément P, Joussain C, Bernabé J, Giuliano F. The spinal generator of ejaculation: Functional consequences of chronic spinalization and effect of substance P in anesthetized rats. Neuroscience 2016; 336:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Kozyrev N, Staudt MD, Brown A, Coolen LM. Chronic Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Impairs Ejaculatory Reflexes in Male Rats: Partial Recovery by Systemic Infusions of Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonist 7OHDPAT. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:943-53. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kozyrev
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael D. Staudt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lique M. Coolen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Majzoub A, Arafa M, Al-Said S, Dabbous Z, Aboulsoud S, Khalafalla K, Elbardisi H. Premature ejaculation in type II diabetes mellitus patients: association with glycemic control. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 5:248-54. [PMID: 27141454 PMCID: PMC4837318 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is a highly prevalent sexual dysfunction among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite this, the underlying mechanism of this association is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of PE in a group of patients with DM and explore possible associations linking both conditions together. Methods This was a prospective study of subjects recruited with advertisement pamphlets and whose sexual function was assessed using the international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Arabic index of premature ejaculation (AIPE) questionnaires together with stopwatch measured intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (ELT). Participants were divided into two groups; group A subjects had DM and group B were healthy adult males. Results A total of 488 subjects were recruited. Group A included 199 (40.8%) subjects, while group B included 289 (59.2%). The prevalence of PE and ED was significantly higher in group A subjects (P<0.001). Mean ELT ± standard deviation (SD) was 3.6±2.7 in group A versus 4.3±2.8 in group B (P<0.014). Diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) showed a significantly higher incidence of PE with significantly shorter ELT. Conclusions PE is more prevalent in diabetic patients. DM is a multi-systemic disorder with complications that could help explain the pathophysiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Majzoub
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami Al-Said
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Dabbous
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Aboulsoud
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kareim Khalafalla
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham Elbardisi
- 1 Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 2 Department of Andrology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ; 3 Department of Endocrinology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Alexander MS, Kozyrev N, Bosma RL, Figley CR, Richards JS, Stroman PW. fMRI Localization of Spinal Cord Processing Underlying Female Sexual Arousal. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2016; 42:36-47. [PMID: 25635474 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2015.1010674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors aimed to determine the roles of the human spinal cord in mediating sexual responses in women. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the entire lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord was performed using a sexual stimulation paradigm designed to elicit psychological and physical components of sexual arousal. Responses were measured in 9 healthy adult women during 3 consecutive conditions: (a) erotic audiovisual, (b) manual clitoral, and (c) audiovisual plus manual stimulation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results in healthy subjects demonstrate that this method is sensitive for mapping sexual function in the spinal cord, and identify several key regions involved in human sexual response, including the intermediolateral cell column, the dorsal commissural nucleus, and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Using spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging, this study identified many of the spinal cord regions involved in female sexual responses. Results from audiovisual and manual clitoral stimulation correspond with previous data regarding lumbar and sacral neurologic changes during sexual arousal. This study provides the first characterization of neural activity in the human spinal cord underlying healthy female sexual responses and sets a foundation for future studies aimed at mapping changes that result from sexual dysfunction, spinal cord trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcalee S Alexander
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - Natalie Kozyrev
- b Centre for Neuroscience Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Rachael L Bosma
- b Centre for Neuroscience Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Chase R Figley
- b Centre for Neuroscience Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - J Scott Richards
- a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - Patrick W Stroman
- b Centre for Neuroscience Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
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Kozyrev N, Coolen LM. Activation of mu or delta opioid receptors in the lumbosacral spinal cord is essential for ejaculatory reflexes in male rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121130. [PMID: 25826331 PMCID: PMC4380469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ejaculation is controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator located in the lumbosacral spinal cord, consisting in male rats of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) cells and their inter-spinal projections to autonomic and motor centers. LSt cells co-express several neuropeptides, including gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and enkephalin. We previously demonstrated in rats that GRP regulates ejaculation by acting within the lumbosacral spinal cord. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that enkephalin controls ejaculation by acting on mu (MOR) or delta opioid receptors (DOR) in LSt target areas. Adult male rats were anesthetized and spinalized and received intrathecal infusions of vehicle, MOR antagonist CTOP (0.4 or 4 nmol), DOR antagonist (TIPP (0.4, 4 or 40 nmol), MOR agonist DAMGO (0.1 or 10 nmol), or DOR agonist deltorphin II (1.3 or 13 nmol). Ejaculatory reflexes were triggered by stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve (DPN) and seminal vesicle pressure and rhythmic contractions of the bulbocavernosus muscle were analyzed. Intrathecal infusion of MOR or DOR antagonists effectively blocked ejaculatory reflexes induced by DPN stimulation. Intrathecal infusion of DAMGO, but not deltorphin II triggered ejaculation in absence of DPN stimulation. Both MOR and DOR agonists facilitated ejaculatory reflexes induced by subthreshold DPN stimulation in all animals. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that enkephalin plays a critical role in the control of ejaculation in male rats. Activation of either MOR or DOR in LSt target areas is required for ejaculation, while MOR activation is sufficient to trigger ejaculation in the absence of sensory stimulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ejaculation/physiology
- Infusions, Spinal
- Lumbar Vertebrae
- Male
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Sacrum
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kozyrev
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lique M. Coolen
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Delay of ejaculation induced by Bersama engleriana in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S603-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Althof SE, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel AW, Adaikan PG, Becher E, Dean J, Giuliano F, Hellstrom WJ, Giraldi A, Glina S, Incrocci L, Jannini E, McCabe M, Parish S, Rowland D, Segraves RT, Sharlip I, Torres LO. An Update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine's Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Ejaculation (PE). Sex Med 2014; 2:60-90. [PMID: 25356302 PMCID: PMC4184677 DOI: 10.1002/sm2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2009, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) convened a select panel of experts to develop an evidence-based set of guidelines for patients suffering from lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). That document reviewed definitions, etiology, impact on the patient and partner, assessment, and pharmacological, psychological, and combined treatments. It concluded by recognizing the continually evolving nature of clinical research and recommended a subsequent guideline review and revision every fourth year. Consistent with that recommendation, the ISSM organized a second multidisciplinary panel of experts in April 2013, which met for 2 days in Bangalore, India. This manuscript updates the previous guidelines and reports on the recommendations of the panel of experts. AIM The aim of this study was to develop clearly worded, practical, evidenced-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PE for family practice clinicians as well as sexual medicine experts. METHOD A comprehensive literature review was performed. RESULTS This article contains the report of the second ISSM PE Guidelines Committee. It offers a new unified definition of PE and updates the previous treatment recommendations. Brief assessment procedures are delineated, and validated diagnostic and treatment questionnaires are reviewed. Finally, the best practices treatment recommendations are presented to guide clinicians, both familiar and unfamiliar with PE, in facilitating treatment of their patients. CONCLUSION Development of guidelines is an evolutionary process that continually reviews data and incorporates the best new research. We expect that ongoing research will lead to a more complete understanding of the pathophysiology as well as new efficacious and safe treatments for this sexual dysfunction. We again recommend that these guidelines be reevaluated and updated by the ISSM in 4 years. Althof SE, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel AW, Adaikan PG, Becher E, Dean J, Giuliano F, Hellstrom WJG, Giraldi A, Glina S, Incrocci L, Jannini E, McCabe M, Parish S, Rowland D, Segraves RT, Sharlip I, and Torres LO. An update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine's guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). Sex Med 2014;2:60-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley E Althof
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Marcel D Waldinger
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training & Research Hospital Istanbul, Merkez Mah, Turkey
| | - Alan W Shindel
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis CA, USA
| | - P Ganesan Adaikan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edgardo Becher
- Division of Urology, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John Dean
- St. Peter's Sexual Medicine, The London Clinic London, UK
| | - Francois Giuliano
- Neuro-Uro-Andrology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital Garches, France
| | - Wayne Jg Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Department of Sexological Research, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidney Glina
- Department of Urology, Instituto H. Ellis Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luca Incrocci
- Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuele Jannini
- School of Sexology, Department of Clinical, Applied and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marita McCabe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University Burwood, Vic., Australia
| | - Sharon Parish
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Rowland
- Graduate School, Valparaiso University Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - R Taylor Segraves
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ira Sharlip
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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Veening J, Coolen L. Neural mechanisms of sexual behavior in the male rat: Emphasis on ejaculation-related circuits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 121:170-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Althof SE, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel AW, Adaikan PG, Becher E, Dean J, Giuliano F, Hellstrom WJG, Giraldi A, Glina S, Incrocci L, Jannini E, McCabe M, Parish S, Rowland D, Segraves RT, Sharlip I, Torres LO. An update of the International Society of Sexual Medicine's guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). J Sex Med 2014; 11:1392-422. [PMID: 24848686 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2009, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) convened a select panel of experts to develop an evidence-based set of guidelines for patients suffering from lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). That document reviewed definitions, etiology, impact on the patient and partner, assessment, and pharmacological, psychological, and combined treatments. It concluded by recognizing the continually evolving nature of clinical research and recommended a subsequent guideline review and revision every fourth year. Consistent with that recommendation, the ISSM organized a second multidisciplinary panel of experts in April 2013, which met for 2 days in Bangalore, India. This manuscript updates the previous guidelines and reports on the recommendations of the panel of experts. AIM The aim of this study was to develop clearly worded, practical, evidenced-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of PE for family practice clinicians as well as sexual medicine experts. METHOD A comprehensive literature review was performed. RESULTS This article contains the report of the second ISSM PE Guidelines Committee. It offers a new unified definition of PE and updates the previous treatment recommendations. Brief assessment procedures are delineated, and validated diagnostic and treatment questionnaires are reviewed. Finally, the best practices treatment recommendations are presented to guide clinicians, both familiar and unfamiliar with PE, in facilitating treatment of their patients. CONCLUSION Development of guidelines is an evolutionary process that continually reviews data and incorporates the best new research. We expect that ongoing research will lead to a more complete understanding of the pathophysiology as well as new efficacious and safe treatments for this sexual dysfunction. We again recommend that these guidelines be reevaluated and updated by the ISSM in 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley E Althof
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
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Rhythmic motor patterns accompanying ejaculation in spinal cord-transected male rats. Int J Impot Res 2014; 26:191-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Huynh HK, Willemsen AT, Lovick TA, Holstege G. Pontine Control of Ejaculation and Female Orgasm. J Sex Med 2013; 10:3038-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ishigami T, Yoshioka K, Karicheti V, Marson L. A Role for Peripheral 5-HT2 Receptors in Serotonin-Induced Facilitation of the Expulsion Phase of Ejaculation in Male Rats. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2688-702. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chéhensse C, Bahrami S, Denys P, Clément P, Bernabé J, Giuliano F. The spinal control of ejaculation revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anejaculation in spinal cord injured patients. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 19:507-26. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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