1
|
Ramanathan ASK, Senguttuvan P, Chinniah R, Vijayan M, Thirunavukkarasu M, Raju K, Mani D, Ravi PM, Rajendran P, Krishnan JI, Karuppiah B. Association of HLA-DR/DQ alleles and haplotypes with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 21:745-52. [PMID: 26566811 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a debilitating renal problem in children resulting from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors including human leukocyte antigen genes (HLA). The aim of this work was to study the probable link between HLA alleles/haplotypes and NS in south India. METHODS HLA DRB1*/DQB1* alleles were genotyped in 183 NS (76 steroid sensitive-SSNS; 107 steroid resistant-SRNS) and paediatric healthy controls (PHCs; n = 91) using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). HLA-A/-B genotyping was performed for patients (n = 70) positive for DRB1*07-DQB1*02 haplotype to identify four locus extended haplotype. RESULTS The following alleles and haplotypes were strongly associated with NS (P < 0.05 as significant): DRB1*07 (SSNS, P < 7.98 × 10(-6) ; SRNS, P < 0.008), DQB1*02 (SSNS, P < 3.99 × 10(-6) ; SRNS, P < 0.002), DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (SSNS, P < 1.32 × 10(-4) ; SRNS, P < 0.010), DRB1*07-DQB1*0301,0304 (DQ7) (SSNS, P < 0.001) and DRB1*03-DQB1*02 (SRNS, P < 0.048). Protective associations were observed for alleles DRB1*10 (SRNS, P < 0.013), DQB1*05 (SSNS, P < 4.34 × 10(-6) ; SRNS, P < 0.01), DQB1*06 (SSNS, P < 0.003), and haplotypes DRB1*10-DQB1*06 (SSNS, P < 0.046; SRNS, P < 0.032) and DRB1*15-DQB1*05 (SSNS, P < 0.018). HLA-A/-B typing of 70 NS cases with two locus haplotype DRB1*07-DQB1*02 (70/183; 38.25%) revealed the presence of an extended haplotype 'A*03-B*07-DRB1*07-DQB1*02' (n = 35; 50%). CONCLUSION Our study revealed strong susceptible association of DRB1*07 with SRNS and DQB1*02 with SSNS. A gender predominant protective association was observed for DRB1*10 with SRNS females; DQB1*05 with SSNS and SRNS males. Further, the study documented the presence of an extended haplotype and pleiotropic action of DRB1*/DQB1* alleles in immune-mediated aetiology of NS in south India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Selvin Kumar Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabha Senguttuvan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Mehta's Children's Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamaraj Raju
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivakar Mani
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padma Malini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padmaraj Rajendran
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health & Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singla S, Kumar P, Singh P, Kaur G, Rohtagi A, Choudhury M. HLA Profile of Celiac Disease among First-Degree Relatives from a Tertiary Care Center in North India. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:1248-1252. [PMID: 27264101 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of Celiac disease (CD) in first-degree relatives (FDR) of CD children. METHODS This observational study was performed in FDR (parents and siblings) of consecutive newly diagnosed cases of CD enrolled from January 2011 through March 2012. Screening for CD in FDR was done using IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG) levels in serum and the seropositive subset underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy and biopsy to confirm the disease. In addition, HLA analysis for CD was performed in most of the index cases and FDR. RESULTS Of 202 FDR of the 64 index cases with CD, 17.3 % (35/202) were seropositive for IgA tTG while confirmed biopsy proven CD was diagnosed in 10.2 % (8/78) of children and 8.1 % (10/124) of adults. HLA DQ2/DQ8 was positive in 96.7 % of the index cases and all FDR with confirmed CD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CD among FDR is 9 fold higher than the general population. High prevalence of CD in presence of anemia and short stature in seropositive FDR in index study indicates need of targeted screening of this subgroup for the presence of CD.CD is unlikely in the absence of HLADQ2/DQ8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpy Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Transplant Immunology & Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Rohtagi
- Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Monisha Choudhury
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miyadera H, Ohashi J, Lernmark Å, Kitamura T, Tokunaga K. Cell-surface MHC density profiling reveals instability of autoimmunity-associated HLA. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:275-91. [PMID: 25485681 DOI: 10.1172/jci74961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms within HLA gene loci are strongly associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disorders; however, it is not clear how genetic variations in these loci confer a disease risk. Here, we devised a cell-surface MHC expression assay to detect allelic differences in the intrinsic stability of HLA-DQ proteins. We found extreme variation in cell-surface MHC density among HLA-DQ alleles, indicating a dynamic allelic hierarchy in the intrinsic stability of HLA-DQ proteins. Using the case-control data for type 1 diabetes (T1D) for the Swedish and Japanese populations, we determined that T1D risk-associated HLA-DQ haplotypes, which also increase risk for autoimmune endocrinopathies and other autoimmune disorders, encode unstable proteins, whereas the T1D-protective haplotypes encode the most stable HLA-DQ proteins. Among the amino acid variants of HLA-DQ, alterations in 47α, the residue that is located on the outside of the peptide-binding groove and acts as a key stability regulator, showed strong association with T1D. Evolutionary analysis suggested that 47α variants have been the target of positive diversifying selection. Our study demonstrates a steep allelic hierarchy in the intrinsic stability of HLA-DQ that is associated with T1D risk and protection, suggesting that HLA instability mediates the development of autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ethnicity differences in genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis: a comparison of Indian asians and white northern Europeans. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2888-94. [PMID: 24145928 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000437567.12067.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in Caucasian populations have identified a number of genetic associations with ulcerative colitis (UC), but reports from other ethnic groups have been limited. Recent studies from India have reported an association with UC and a single polymorphism (SNP) in CARD15/NOD2 (SNP5, rs2066842), which has not been reported in Caucasian UC cohorts. In addition, strong genetic associations with SNPs in the HLA region have been reported in Indian UC populations. However, there have been no reports on the frequency of HLA class II alleles in Indian populations with inflammatory bowel disease to examine whether the associations differ from other ethnic populations. METHODS Genotyping was performed for 137 Indian UC patients for HLA class II alleles (HLA-DRB1*1502 & HLA-DRB1*0103), IL23R (rs11209026), and CARD15/NOD2 (rs2066842). The genetic data were compared with 204 healthy Indian controls and 50 white European UC patients. RESULTS The HLA-DRB1*0103 allele was absent in all Indian UC patients and controls in contrast to white European UC patients (9/50: 18%). The HLA-DRB1*1502 allele was significantly more frequent in the Indian UC cohort (29.2%) than controls (17.6%) (P = 0.04) and the allele was absent in the white European cohort. There were no significant differences in the frequency of the CARD15/NOD2 (rs2066842) variant or IL23R (rs11209026) between the different ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The HLA-DRB1*0103 allele is rare or absent in the Indian Asian population but HLA-DRB1*1502 is positively associated with UC. Further genetic studies in this population could provide valuable information and may help distinguish the degree of influence of genetic and environmental pathogenic factors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prevalence and gene frequencies of A1A2BO and Rh(D) blood group alleles among some Muslim populations of North India. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Suslova TA, Burmistrova AL, Chernova MS, Khromova EB, Lupar EI, Timofeeva SV, Devald IV, Vavilov MN, Darke C. HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars, living in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russian South Urals). Int J Immunogenet 2012; 39:394-408. [PMID: 22520580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2012.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the HLA-A, -B, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 profiles of three major ethnic groups living in Chelyabinsk Region of Russian South Urals, viz., Russians (n = 207), Bashkirs (n = 146) and Tatars (n = 135). First field level typing was performed by PCR using sequence-specific primers. Estimates included carriage and gene frequencies, linkage disequilibrium and its significance and related values. Population comparisons were made between the allele family frequencies of the three populations and between these populations and 20 others using a dendrogram. Chelyabinsk Region Russians demonstrate all the features typical of a Caucasoid population, but also have some peculiarities. Together with Tatars, Russians have high frequencies of allele families and haplotypes characteristic of Finno-Ugric populations. This presupposes a Finno-Ugric impact on Russian and Tatar ethnogenesis. However, this was not apparent in Bashkirs, the first of the three populations to live in this territory, and implies admixture with populations of a Finno-Ugric origin with precursors of Russians and Tatars before they came to the South Urals. The Bashkirs appear close to Mongoloids in allele and haplotype distribution. However, Bashkirs cannot be labelled either as typical Mongoloids or as Caucasoids. Thus, Bashkirs possess some alleles and haplotypes frequent in Mongoloids, which supports the Turkic impact on Bashkir ethnogenesis, but also possess the AH 8.1 haplotype, which could evidence an ancient Caucasoid population that took part in their ethnic formation or of recent admixture with adjacent populations (Russians and Tatars). Bashkirs showed no features of populations with a substantial Finno-Ugric component, for example Chuvashes or Russian Saami. This disputes the commonly held belief of a Finno-Ugric origin for Bashkirs. Tatars appeared close to many European populations. However, they possessed some characteristics of Asiatic populations possibly reflecting a Mongoloid influence on Tatar ethnogenesis. Some aspects of HLA in Tatars appeared close to Chuvashes and Bulgarians, thus supporting the view that Tatars may be descendents of ancient Bulgars.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hagopian WA, Erlich H, Lernmark A, Rewers M, Ziegler AG, Simell O, Akolkar B, Vogt R, Blair A, Ilonen J, Krischer J, She J. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY): genetic criteria and international diabetes risk screening of 421 000 infants. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:733-43. [PMID: 21564455 PMCID: PMC3315186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study seeks to identify environmental factors influencing the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intensive follow-up of children at elevated genetic risk. This study requires a cost-effective yet accurate screening strategy to identify the high-risk cohort. METHODS The TEDDY cohort was identified through newborn screening using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes based on criteria established with pre-TEDDY data. HLA typing was completed at six international centers using different genotyping methods that can achieve >98% accuracy. RESULTS TEDDY developed separate inclusion criteria for the general population (GP) and first-degree relatives (FDRs) of T1D patients. The FDR eligibility includes nine haplogenotypes (DR3/4, DR4/4, DR4/8, DR3/3, DR4/4b, DR4/1, DR4/13, DR4/9, and DR3/9) for broad HLA diversity, whereas the GP eligibility includes only the first four haplogenotypes with DRB1*0403 as an exclusion allele. TEDDY has screened 414 714 GP infants, of which 19 906 (4.8%) were eligible, whereas 1415 of the 6333 screened FDR infants (22.2%) were eligible. High-resolution confirmation testing of the eligible subjects indicated that the low-cost and low-resolution genotyping techniques employed at the screening centers yielded an accuracy of 99%. There were considerable variations in eligibility rates among the centers for GP (3.5-7.4%) and FDR (19-32%) subjects. The eligibility rates among US ethnic groups were 0.9, 1.3, 5.0, and 6.9% for Asians, Black, Caucasians, and Hispanics, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Different low-cost and low-resolution genotyping methods are useful for the efficient and accurate identification of a high-risk cohort for follow-up based on the TEDDY HLA inclusion criteria.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang JH, Sohn YH, Ko SY, Choi SE, Kim MH, Oh HB. Anthropological analysis of Koreans using HLA class II diversity among East Asians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 76:282-8. [PMID: 20522202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are useful markers for anthropological investigations because the allele and haplotype distributions at these loci vary widely among ethnic groups. HLA frequencies in Koreans, however, have not previously been analyzed on a phylogenetic basis. We determined the allele frequencies of four HLA class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DPB1) loci in 149 unrelated Korean individuals using a sequence-based typing method. A total of 29 HLA-DRB1, 17 HLA-DQA1, 16 HLA-DQB1, and 15 HLA-DPB1 alleles were identified. The most common allele at each locus was DRB1*0901, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0301, and DPB1*0501, respectively. Four-locus allelic association analysis showed the existence of 25 DRB1-DQA1-DQB1-DPB1 haplotypes with a frequency greater than 0.010. A dataset comprising ethnicity-specific information from published literature and the dbMHC database, as well as the allele frequencies determined in this study, was subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The analysis showed that Koreans are most closely related to Japanese and Han Chinese from Shandong province. Correspondence analyses showed that the current Korean population is located in a position intermediate between the northern and southern East Asian groups, supporting the theory of a bi- and/or multidirectional route of migration of early Korean settlers. This report can be used for anthropological studies, and may also be of use in the International Hematopoietic Stem Cell Sharing program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arrieta-Bolaños E, Maldonado-Torres H, Dimitriu O, Hoddinott MA, Fowles F, Shah A, Órlich-Pérez P, McWhinnie AJ, Alfaro-Bourrouet W, Buján-Boza W, Little AM, Salazar-Sánchez L, Madrigal JA. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQB1, and -DRB1,3,4,5 allele and haplotype frequencies in the Costa Rica Central Valley Population and its relationship to worldwide populations. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Srivastava A, Yachha SK, Mathias A, Parveen F, Poddar U, Agrawal S. Prevalence, human leukocyte antigen typing and strategy for screening among Asian first-degree relatives of children with celiac disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:319-24. [PMID: 19929927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Data on prevalence, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and small bowel histology among first-degree relatives of subjects with celiac disease (CD) is scarce. This prospective study evaluated the prevalence and role of HLA DQ2/8 testing in screening of first-degree relatives of children with CD. METHODS Thirty confirmed children with CD and 91/94 first-degree relatives (parents and siblings) were enrolled. HLA DQ2/8 testing was carried out in all index CD cases. Clinical evaluation with a questionnaire, total serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), human IgA-tissue transglutaminase (IgA-tTGA) and HLA DQ2/8 testing was carried out in all first-degree relatives. Subjects who were positive for IgA-tTGA were recommended endoscopic duodenal biopsy to document histological changes of CD. RESULTS Nine first-degree relatives were positive for IgA-tTGA, seven underwent duodenal biopsy and four subjects had Marsh IIIa changes suggestive of CD. The prevalence of histologically confirmed CD in first-degree relatives was 4.4%. The prevalence of potential CD was 9.8%. IgA-tTGA-positive subjects (4/9) were significantly more often symptomatic than IgA-tTGA-negative first-degree relatives (2/82). Twenty-nine (96.6%) index cases of CD and all IgA-tTGA-positive first-degree relatives were positive for HLA DQ2. None of the index CD cases or first-degree relatives were HLA DQ8-positive. A total of 85% of the first-degree relatives were positive for HLA DQ2 and thus at risk of developing CD. CONCLUSIONS In this first Asian study on a limited number of families of children with CD, 4.4% of the first-degree relatives had CD. Only 15% of the first-degree relatives were negative for HLA DQ2/DQ8. Initial evaluation with HLA and serology followed by only serial serology in HLA-positive relatives is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Ni R, Song W, Shao W, Shrestha S, Ahmad S, Cunningham CK, Flynn PM, Kapogiannis BG, Wilson CM, Tang J. Clear and independent associations of several HLA-DRB1 alleles with differential antibody responses to hepatitis B vaccination in youth. Hum Genet 2009; 126:685-96. [PMID: 19597844 PMCID: PMC2771141 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To confirm and refine associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes with variable antibody (Ab) responses to hepatitis B vaccination, we have analyzed 255 HIV-1 seropositive (HIV(+)) youth and 80 HIV-1 seronegatives (HIV(-)) enrolled into prospective studies. In univariate analyses that focused on HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 alleles and haplotypes, the DRB1*03 allele group and DRB1*0701 were negatively associated with the responder phenotype (serum Ab concentration > or = 10 mIU/mL) (P = 0.026 and 0.043, respectively). Collectively, DRB1*03 and DRB1*0701 were found in 42 (53.8%) out of 78 non-responders (serum Ab <10 mIU/mL), 65 (40.6%) out of 160 medium responders (serum Ab 10-1,000 mIU/mL), and 27 (27.8%) out of 97 high responders (serum Ab >1,000 mIU/mL) (P < 0.001 for trend). Meanwhile, DRB1*08 was positively associated with the responder phenotype (P = 0.010), mostly due to DRB1*0804 (P = 0.008). These immunogenetic relationships were all independent of non-genetic factors, including HIV-1 infection status and immunodeficiency. Alternative analyses confined to HIV(+) youth or Hispanic youth led to similar findings. In contrast, analyses of more than 80 non-coding, single nucleotide polymorphisms within and beyond the three HLA class II genes revealed no clear associations. Overall, several HLA-DRB1 alleles were major predictors of differential Ab responses to hepatitis B vaccination in youth, suggesting that T-helper cell-dependent pathways mediated through HLA class II antigen presentation are critical to effective immune response to recombinant vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Rong Ni
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Wenshuo Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Sushma Ahmad
- Westat, 1650 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD USA
| | | | - Patricia M. Flynn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Bill G. Kapogiannis
- Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Craig M. Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diversification of porcine MHC class II genes: evidence for selective advantage. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:119-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Balancing selection and heterogeneity across the classical human leukocyte antigen loci: a meta-analytic review of 497 population studies. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:443-64. [PMID: 18638659 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a meta-analysis of high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequency data describing 497 population samples. Most of the datasets were compiled from studies published in eight journals from 1990 to 2007; additional datasets came from the International Histocompatibility Workshops and from the AlleleFrequencies.net database. In all, these data represent approximately 66,800 individuals from throughout the world, providing an opportunity to observe trends that may not have been evident at the time the data were originally analyzed, especially with regard to the relative importance of balancing selection among the HLA loci. Population genetic measures of allele frequency distributions were summarized across populations by locus and geographic region. A role for balancing selection maintaining much of HLA variation was confirmed. Further, the breadth of this meta-analysis allowed the ranking of the HLA loci, with DQA1 and HLA-C showing the strongest balancing selection and DPB1 being compatible with neutrality. Comparisons of the allelic spectra reported by studies since 1990 indicate that most of the HLA alleles identified since 2000 are very-low-frequency alleles. The literature-based allele-count data, as well as maps summarizing the geographic distributions for each allele, are available online.
Collapse
|